柯克亚油田原油地球化学特征和油源研究

应用GC/MS、GC/MS/MS分析技术,剖析了塔西南地区侏罗系和二叠系两套烃源岩生物标志物组合特征,建立了区分的指标体系,即二叠系源岩重排藿烷、C30-未知萜烷含量丰富,侏罗系源岩重排藿烷含量较低,但检测到二萜类化合物,而在二叠系源岩中未检测到该类化合物。柯克亚原油重排藿烷、C30-未知萜烷发育。精细油-岩对比结果表明,柯克亚原油主要来源于二叠系烃源岩,同时原油中检测出微量的二萜类化合物,说明侏罗系烃源岩也有一定的贡献。     

The geochemical characteristics and genetic types of crude oils in the western depression of the Liaohe Basin,China

The physical properties and group compositions of crude oils in the western depression of the Liaohe Basin possess such characteristics as to increase gradually in density, viscosity and wax contents, and decrease in saturated hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon and bitumen contents from the deep level to the shallow level and from the center of the depression to its boundary. Saturated hydrocarbons have various spectra, such as single peak and double peak patterns, front peak and rear peak patterns, and smooth peak and serated peak patterns, as well as the chromatograms of biodegraded n-alkanes. The ratios of Pr/Ph in crude oils from the southern part of the depression are generally higher than those in the northern part. The distribution of regular steranes C₂₇–C₂₉ is predominantly of the ramp type, and only a few samples have relatively high C₂₈ contents in the southern part of the depression. As viewed from their physical properties and geochemical characteristics, crude oils in the study area can be divided into two types (I and II) based on oil-generating sources and sedimentary environments, and then further divided into three sub-types (I_a, I_b and I_c:II_a, II_b and III_c, respectively) based on their degrees of maturation and secondary transformation. This will provide the reliable basis for oil-source correlation and petroleum exploration and prediction.     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬-西峰地区原油地球化学特征及油源分析

采用色谱-质谱(GC-MS)、裂解-色谱-质谱(Py-GC-MS)、色谱-同位素比值质谱(GC-IRMS)等方法,系统地分析了鄂尔多斯盆地南部姬塬与西峰地区原油的地球化学特征,重新确定了原油成熟度及对应源岩的形成环境.分析表明,单体碳同位素组成偏轻,介于-30‰～-33‰之间.原油饱和烃馏分中五环三萜烷含量较高;藿烷以C30藿烷占优势,C29藿烷次之;含较高的18α(H)-30-降新藿烷(C29Ts);C30重排藿烷和伽马蜡烷含量较低;规则甾烷含量高并以C29甾烷为主,含一定的孕甾烷、升孕甾烷和重排甾烷;芳烃馏分中富含萘、菲系列化合物;沥青质裂解产物中芳基类异戊二烯烃含量很低.原油成熟度相当于镜质组反射率0.82%左右,是烃源岩在生油高峰阶段的产物.油源分析表明,该区原油主要来源于三叠系长7段泥岩,有机质形成于水体较深、淡水湖相沉积环境.     

Geochemical characteristics of crude oils from Well Zheng-1 in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China

Well Zheng-1 is located in the combined area of the central uplift and the north Tianshan piedmont depression in the Junggar Basin. Two oil-bearing beds are recognized at 4788–4797 m of the Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Formation (K1tg) and 4808.5–4812.5 m of the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation (J1s). The geochemical characteristics of family composition, carbon isotopic composition, saturated hydrocarbons, sterane and terpane biomarkers and carotane of two crude oils are described in this paper. The results show that the geochemical characteristics of the two crude oils are basically similar to each other, indicating they were all derived mainly from the high mature, brine, algae-rich lake facies sediments. Oil-source correlation revealed that crude oils of the two beds were derived mainly from the source rocks of Permian and mixed by the oil derived from the source rocks of Jurassic and Triassic. This is consistent with the geological background with several sets of source rocks in the area studied.     

Origin of Natural Gas in Kekeya Field, Tarim Basin, China

This paper is mainly concentrated on the geochemical characteristics and origin of gas of Kekeya field in the Tarim basin, NW China. This study shows that Permian mudstone is the main source rock of oil and gas. Based on the carbon isotopes of C1--C4, the carbon isotope of gas in Kekeya field is a little heavier than that in the typical marine-derived gas. The relationship between carbon isotopes of methane and ethane is coincident with Faber equation of gas derived from organic matter Ⅰ/Ⅱ. The majority of gas maturity is estimated, based on the formula, at 1.8%-2.2% besides K2 and K18 wells. In addition, the gas derived from 0.9%-1.2% Ro source rocks may also bemixture. ^40Ar/^36Ar and ^3He/^4He ratios from the gas samples also support the mixing process. Moreover, the gas in this region is mainly generated from more mature source rocks although the low mature gas exists.     

非洲Melut盆地北部不同地区原油有机地球化学特征及意义

为了明确Melut盆地北部不同地区原油母质来源、沉积环境及亲缘关系,采用饱和烃色谱及色谱-质谱方法,开展了盆地北部不同地区原油地球化学特征分析及对比。研究表明,盆地北部各地区原油正构烷烃无明显奇偶优势,Ts/Tm值1.36～3.47、C₃₁升藿烷22S/(22S+22R)比值0.54～0.60、αααC₂₉20S/(20S+20R)与C₂₉αββ/(ααα+αββ)比值大于0.4,总体表现为成熟原油;伽马蜡烷指数普遍小于0.1,C₂₁三环萜烷具有明显优势,Pr/Ph值0.97～2.31,均值1.61,指示其烃源岩形成于弱还原-弱氧化的淡水湖相环境;生油母质为II～III型混合型。不同地区原油母质来源及成熟度有差异：Moleeta次凹东坡原油为单峰后峰态分布,高碳数正构烷烃含量占优势,C₂₄TeT/C₂₃TT平均值大于1,具有明显的陆源高等植物贡献,原油成熟度较低,发育重质—中质油;Jamous次凹深洼区原油为前峰优势的双峰态分布,C₂₄     

Geochemical characteristics and origin of reservoir bitumens from Well Zhong 1 in the Katake Uplift,Tarim Basin

The source of marine crude oils from Tarim Basin is still disputed.However,research on the reservoir bitumens may provide a piece of new evidence to elucidate oil source.Geochemical characteristics of reservoir bitumens from different strata from Well Zhong 1 in the Katake Uplift were discussed here in detail.Pr/Ph ratios of reservoir bitumen from Well Zhong 1 range from 1.14 to 1.39,CPI ratios from 1.01 to 1.08,which indicates no odd-even predominance of normal alkanes,with OEP ratios ranging from 0.98 to 1.05.The contents of gammacerane and C28 sterane of reservoir bitumen from Well Zhong 1 are low,while dibenzothiophene series are abundant.Ster-ane isomerization maturity parameter and Ts/(Ts+Tm) ratio indicate that the reservoir bitumen from Well Zhong1 is mature to highly mature.Based on the differences in biomarker distribution,it is concluded that reservoir bitumen from Well Zhong 1,of which molecular parameters are contrary to those in Cambrian oil from Well Tadong 2,origi-nated from the Upper Ordovician source rocks.     

Reservoir geochemistry of the Tazhong oilfield in the Tarim Basin, China, Part I. Geochemical characteristics and genetic classification of crude oils

1 Introduction Since the 1990’s of the 20th century, oil & gas geochemists have shifted their research focus on hydrocarbon source rocks in the past to that on reservoir rocks and oil reservoirs at present; their research field has been expanded from oil & gas exploration to the assessment of oil reservoirs and production & management. Therefore, reservoir geochemistry as a branch disciplinary of organic geochemistry is now attracting great concern of many oil & gas explorers and oilfield en…     

Reservoir geochemistry of the Tazhong oilfield in the Tarim Basin, China, Part Ⅰ. Geochemical characteristics and genetic classification of crude oils

According to the assemblage characteristics of saturated hydrocarbon biomarkers in crude oils and their geochemical implications, this study has proposed, for the first time, the criteria for the genetic classification of crude oils in the Tazhong area of the Tarim Basin, China. Crude oils from the area studied are classified as three genetic types: type-Ⅰ is characterized by the low contents of C29 norhopane, extremely abundant contents of gammacerane, low contents of rearranged sterane and relatively high contents of regular C28 sterane; the geochemical properties of type-Ⅱ crude oils are opposite to those of type-Ⅰ crude oils; the parameters for type-Ⅲ crude oils are intermediate between type-Ⅰ and type-Ⅱ. Results of oil correlation indicated that type-Ⅰ crude oils were derived from Cambrian-Lower Ordovician hydrocarbon source rocks, type-Ⅱ curde oils originated from Middle-Upper Ordovician hydrocarbon source rocks and type-Ⅲ crude oils are of mixed origin.     

Geochemical characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oils from the Linnan Subsag,Shandong Province,China

Abundant aromatic fractions were detected in oils from the Linnan subsag, including aphthalenes, phenanthrenes, triaromatic steroids, biphenyl, fluorenes, dibenzothiophenes, dibenzofuranes, as well as some typical higher plant-sourced compounds, such as pyrene, benzopyrene, fluoranthene, chryaene, benzofluoranthrene, perylene and cadalene. Occurrences of biomarkers indicate that oils from the Linnan subsag are typical terrestrially genetic oils. Developed in the depositional environment is a strong reduction condition typical of brackish-saline lake. Thermal evolution has entered into the mature-high mature stage.     

吐哈盆地台北凹陷柯柯亚构造中深层储层特征及成因

通过薄片的镜下观察、扫描电镜、能谱分析和物性分析等手段的应用,对吐哈盆地北部斜坡柯柯亚构造中深层储层特征和成因进行了研究。结果表明,柯柯亚构造八道湾组储层几乎全部为碎屑岩,储层主要岩石类型为灰色、深灰色或灰黑色的中厚层状泥质粉砂岩、中-粗砂岩、含砾粗砂岩,普遍含大量碳屑。孔隙类型主要为粒内溶蚀孔和粒间剩余孔。成岩作用主要有压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用。孔渗条件差,为特低孔特低渗类储层。沉积作用是特低孔特低渗储层发育的基础,成岩作用是中深层储层致密化的关键,粒度是储集性能的主控因素。     

Compositional characteristics and geochemical significance of light hydrocarbons for crude oils in Tarim Basin, China

Light hydrocarbons, especially C7 isoalkanes, cyclopentanes, cyclohexanes and n-heptane in 540 oils from the Tarim Basin were studied systematically. The results suggested the K1 values [ （2-MH＋ 2,3-DMP）/（3-MH ＋ 2,4-DMP） ] of crude oils vary from a lowest value of 0.78, to a highest value of 1.54, but the K1 values of the majority of oil samples （80%） range from 0.90 to 1.20. However, the absolute contents of （ 2-methylhexane ＋ 2,3-dimethylpentane） and （ 3-methylhexane ＋ 2,4-dimethylpentane） in the total light hydrocarbons （ C4-C7 ） show a similar variation trend. The variation of K1 values of crude oils can suggest a typical sedimentary environment for source rocks. Therefore, according to the compositional characteristics of C7 light hydrocarbons in light of the steady-state catalytic hypothesis, nonmarine oils from the Yingmaili area and marine oils from the Tazhong uplift in the Tarim Basin were genetically classified.     

藏北羌塘盆地井下布曲组含油白云岩地球化学特征及其意义

羌资11、12井是羌塘盆地揭示隆鄂尼-昂达尔错古油藏展布规律的资料井。对这2口钻井揭示的含油岩层进行取样分析,结合前人该区石油地质调查报告中羌资2井布曲组、夏里组及曲色组烃源岩的分析数据,从类异戊二烯烃、甾烷、萜烷等系列生物标志化合物参数方面进行油-岩对比研究。研究表明,羌资11、12井揭示的原油为同一种类型,但11井原油生物降解程度强于12井。各原油的母质主要来源于低等水生生物和藻类;各原油的母质形成于还原-弱还原、盐度值不高的咸水环境。原油中类异戊二烯烃、萜烷、甾烷等生物标志化合物参数与羌资2井布曲组泥晶灰岩与夏里组和曲色组烃源岩之间具有较好的亲缘性。结合南羌塘地区烃源岩有机碳资料,油源可能主要来自于曲色组,混入了部分夏里组及布曲组的油源,具有混源的特征。该研究结果对下一步油气勘探具有一定的指导意义。     

Migration,filling history and geochemical characteristics of Ordovician natural gases in the Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin,Northwest China

Ordovician natural gases in the Tahe Oilfield are composed predominantly of hydrocarbon gases dominated by methane with a significant amount of heavy hydrocarbon gas component. The non-hydrocarbon gases include N₂, CO₂ and minor H₂S. The Ordovician natural gases are believed to have originated from the same source rocks, and are composite of gases differing in thermal maturity. Carbon dioxide was derived from thermal metamorphism of Ordovician carbonate rocks. The generation of natural gases involves multiple stages from mature normal oil and condensate-associated gas to thermally cracked gas at the maturity to over-maturity stages. In the main part of the Tahe Oilfield, the Ordovician natural gases appear to be filled in two major phases with a typical petroleum-associated gas from southeast to northwest and from east to west in the early stage; and a thermally cracked gas from east to west in the late stage. At the same time, the oil/gas filling boundary has been primarily established between the two stages.     

Organic geochemical characteristics of crude oils from the Masila Basin, eastern Yemen

The Masila Basin is an important hydrocarbon province in Yemen, but the origin of hydrocarbons and their generation history are not fully understood. In this regard, 10 crude oils from different petroleum reservoir sections in the Masila Basin were characterized by a variety of biomarker and non-biomarker parameters using GC, GC-MS and stable carbon isotope techniques. Oils from the Masila Basin display pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratios ranging from 1.7 to 2.0, low sulfur content, high C₃₅ homohopane index, relatively high C₂₇ sterane concentrations and relatively high tricyclic terpanes suggesting a marine clay source rock that was deposited in mildly anoxic to suboxic conditions with dominantly algal organic matter. C₂₉ 20S/(20S + 20R) steranes and ββ/(ββ + αα) sterane ratios indicate that the Masila oils have reached peak oil window maturity. Another related feature of these oils is the absence of 18α (H)-oleanane, which suggests a source age older than Cretaceous. The carbon isotope compositions are similar to those of the potential source rocks, which range from −25.4‰ to −28.3‰, indicating a marine environment. The new data presented in this paper suggest that the Masila oils constitute one oil family and that the oil originated from the Upper Jurassic Madbi source rock in the basin.     

New Technology of Optimizing Heavy Oil Reservoir Management by Geochemical Means：A Case Study in Block Leng 43,Liaohe Oilfield,China

Geochemical methods can be used to optimize heavy oil reservoir management.The distribution of some biomarkers in oils is different with the degree of biodegradation.Geochemi-cal parameters can be used to predict oil viscosity and thus to preliminarily evaluate the difficult-ties involved in oil production.The results of viscosity prediction for oils from reservoir S3^2 in block Leng 43 and preliminary evaluation of oil production difficulty are consistent with the geological data.     

塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系烃源岩的分子地球化学特征

对塔里木盆地下古生界样品的地球化学分析表明,上奥陶统良里塔格组、中上奥陶统却尔却克群烃源岩与其他烃源岩具有明显的差异,具有低的C28甾烷、24-降胆甾烷、甲藻甾烷、甲藻三芳甾烷与伽马蜡烷含量以及高的C24四环萜烷、重排甾烷含量等特点。柯坪地区中上奥陶统萨尔干组、印干组页岩伽马蜡烷、C28甾烷相对含量与寒武系、中下奥陶统黑土凹组烃源岩具有相似性。萨尔干组、印干组烃源岩中生物标志物的绝对含量很低。柯坪地区寒武系玉尔吐斯组、中上奥陶统萨尔干组、上奥陶统印干组、满东地区中下奥陶统黑土凹组等较强沉积环境的泥质烃源岩伽马蜡烷、C28甾烷、特殊甾烷的相对含量与海相原油主体有较大差异。上奥陶统印干组烃源岩较高含量的三芳甲藻甾烷、24-降重排胆甾烷和24-降胆甾烷化合物的检出表明,断代生物标志物的提法值得商榷。     

Geochemical characteristics of Ordovician crude oils in the northwest of the Tahe oil field,Tarim basin

Forty-six crude oil samples were selected from the Ordovician in the northwestern part of the Tahe oilfield for detailed molecular geochemical and isotopic analysis, including group compositions, carbonhydrogen isotopes and gas chroma-tograms of saturated hydrocarbons, as well as the characteristics of terpane, sterane and other biomarkers, indicating that crude oils are of the same origin from different districts in the Tahe oilfield and were derived from the same source kitchen (or oil source formation), i.e., mainly stemming from marine hydrocarbons. Detailed studies of oil physical properties of 25-honpane revealed that such oils have heavy or thick oil qualities due to biodegradation. Comprehensive assessment in terms of five maturity parameters shows that the oils from the Ordovician with Ro values varying from 0.80% to 1.59% are widely distributed in the northwest of the Tahe oilfield.     

A geochemical investigation of crude oils and source rocks from Biyang Basin, China

China has a number of petroliferous lacustrine sedimentary basins of varying salinity and age (mainly Eocene). A geochemical investigation has been undertaken on several oils and source rocks from the Eocene lacustrine Biyang Basin. The distributions of n-alkanes, isoprenoids, steranes, and terpanes have been studied and used to characterize the sedimentary environment of deposition, maturity, biodegradation and undertake possible correlations. The ratios of C₃₀-hopane/gammacerane, 4-methyl-steranes/regular steranes, steranes/hopanes, C₂₁ tricyclic/C₃₀ hopane are proposed to be indicative of the depositional environment whereas ß-carotane appears to be a source related indicator. The geochemical data obtained in this study suggest that the major source rocks in the Biyang Basin were deposited in a saline/hypersaline depositional environment.     

银根-额济纳旗盆地原油的发现及其主要地球化学特征

在银根－额济纳旗盆地东部查干凹陷和西部路井凹陷首次发现了轻质低硫成熟原油，其饱和烃含量在80％以上，非烃和沥青质含量低；饱和烃和芳烃成熟度参数表明它们均为成熟原油，其成熟度相当于镜质相反射率Ro0.8%-1.1%阶段，是生油高峰阶段的产物。原油全油碳同位素δ^13C值小于－31‰。生物标志物中类异戊二烯含量较高，植烷与姥鲛烷均势；查干凹陷原油三环萜烷含量高于五环萜烷，而路井凹陷原油三环萜烷含量相对较低；两原油中均含有较高的Ts,C29Ts,C30重排藿烷和伽马蜡烷，藿烷为主，C32以上升藿烷含量极低；孕甾烷含量较高，尤其是查干凹陷原油；甾烷中以C29甾烷为主，约占50％，C27和C28甾烷基本均势，异胆甾烷含量高于胆甾烷；重排甾烷含量低，甾烷的含量与萜烷含量相当，这些特征表明原油是典型的湖相原油，其主要的烃源岩是下白垩统湖相源岩而非侏罗系煤系烃源岩。