红松种子水溶性蛋白吸水性、吸油性及溶解性的研究

选用黑龙江省伊春市红松种子为原料,以蒸馏水为提取液制备红松种子水溶性蛋白(WPNP)。研究了pH、温度、CaCl2和NaCl浓度对WPNP的吸水性、吸油性和溶解性的影响。WPNP的等电点为4,pH介于4～12之间,吸水性随着pH的增加而升高;温度处于30℃时,吸水性最好,为4mL/g;NaCl离子强度处于0·4mol/L时,WPNP的吸水性最好,为3·4mL/g;温度对WPNP的吸油性有较大的影响,在30～35℃时,WPNP的吸油性较好。但是在35～60℃范围内,随着温度的升高,WPNP的吸油性降低。研究了pH、温度、离子强度、共存盐类对WPNP溶解性的影响,pH>4,随着pH增加溶解性也增加,但是pH超过12,会导致蛋白质变性,40℃时溶解性最好,为10·01mg/mL,NaCl的浓度在0·4～0·6mol/L时,蛋白质溶解度随着NaCl的浓度增加而增大,最大值为9·39mg/mL。但是NaCl的浓度再增加蛋白质溶解度反而降低。而CaCl2溶液浓度在0·6mol/L时溶解度最大,为9·12mg/mL。后随着CaCl2浓度的增大蛋白质溶解度下降。NaCl和CaCl2共存,能够促进HSZZSP的溶解,并在一定浓度后变化趋于平缓。      

红松种子水溶性蛋白乳化性及起泡性研究

以红松种子为原料,制备红松种子水溶性蛋白,研究了pH、蛋白质量浓度、NaCl浓度对红松种子水溶性蛋白起泡性和泡沫稳定性以及乳化性和乳化稳定性的影响.结果表明:蛋白的起泡性和乳化性随蛋白质量浓度的增加而增大;pH的变化对起泡性和乳化性的影响也较大,等电点处红松种子水溶性蛋白的起泡性和乳化性最差,pH 11时起泡性和乳化性均较好;NaCl浓度对泡沫稳定性影响不大,对乳化稳定性影响较大.     

啤酒糟提取蛋白吸水性和吸油性的研究

研究了烘干温度、蛋白粒度、脱脂对啤酒糟提取蛋白吸水性和吸油性的影响,试验证明:影响啤酒糟提取蛋白吸水性的因素顺序是脱脂＞蛋白粒度＞烘干温度;影响啤酒糟蛋白吸油性的因素顺序是蛋白粒度＞脱脂＞烘干温度.吸水性和吸油性的较佳处理条件均为:100℃烘干,过80目筛,脱脂.经比较大豆浓缩蛋白的吸水性略优,而啤酒糟蛋白的吸油性优于大豆浓缩蛋白.     

酶法提取红松种子蛋白工艺的研究

以红松种子为原料,利用中心组合试验设计对影响红松种子蛋白提取的因素水平进行了综合考察,优化了红松种子蛋白的提取工艺参数.采用单因素试验设计,考察了酶解pH、固液比、提取温度、提取时间、加酶量等因素对红松种子蛋白提取率的影响,通过对单因素试验结果的分析,筛选出影响蛋白质提取率的关键性因素.结合所筛选的关键因素应用响应面分析法研究了提取液pH、提取温度、提取时间、加酶量等关键因素对蛋白质提取率的影响,采用回归分析技术、拟合二次多项式试验模型,应用模糊数学处理优化,得到了最佳的综合因素水平,分别为:固液比1:25;pH 8.4;提取时间3.07 h;加酶量1.53%;提取温度54.16℃,在最佳条件下红松种子蛋白的提取率预测值为88.29%,实际测定值88.06%.结果表明采用响应面法来寻求酶法提取红松种子蛋白最佳条件是可行的.     

蚕豆分离蛋白的制备及其功能性质研究

研究了蚕豆分离蛋白的制备工艺，确定了蚕豆蛋白浸提的最佳工艺参数，并对蚕豆分离蛋白的溶解性、吸水性、吸油性、乳化性及乳化稳定性、起泡性、凝胶性等功能性质进行了研究。研究结果表明：蚕豆蛋白浸提的最佳工艺条件为pH值8．0、提取时间20min、提取温度50℃、料水比1：15；蚕豆分离蛋白的吸油性、乳化稳定性和起泡性优于大豆分离蛋白，吸水性、乳化性较差。     

不同发育期红松种子含油率及种子油脂肪酸组成动态变化

以2016年不同发育期(7月8日、8月10日、9月6日、10月7日)的红松种子为原料,采用氯仿甲醇法测定种子含油率,GC-MS/MS测定种子油脂肪酸组成,分析不同发育期红松种子含油率及种子油脂肪酸组成的动态变化规律。结果表明:发育初期红松种子的含油率较低(4. 4%),随后迅速增加,并在9月6日达峰值(71%),之后降低;红松种子油中共检测出13种脂肪酸,其中油酸、亚油酸和皮诺敛酸为主要不饱和脂肪酸;红松种子不同发育期其油中油酸和亚油酸含量不断增加,但皮诺敛酸含量在8月10日达到峰值(16. 30%)后不断降低。研究可为红松种子采收期选择提供科学依据,对红松种子开发利用具有重要意义。     

芝麻蛋白的溶解性和乳化性的研究

采用碱性提取和等电点法分离出芝麻蛋白，并对其溶解性和乳化性进行了比较系统的研究，测定了不同浓度、ｐＨ值、离子强度和温度条件下的溶解性和乳化能力和乳化稳定性，探讨了芝麻蛋白在不同条件下溶解性和乳化性的变化规律，为开发和利用芝麻蛋白提供理论依据。     

超声波对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白吸油性的影响

为改善醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的功能特性,采用超声波技术对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白进行物理改性。通过单因素实验,针对吸油性进行研究,得出最佳影响范围,然后进行正交实验并由STATISTIC软件分析,最终得出超声波技术提高醇法大豆浓缩蛋白吸油性最佳工艺条件:固液比为1∶7,功率密度为0.6w/cm2,时间为5min。在此条件下,醇提大豆浓缩蛋白的吸油率可提高97.8%。      

微波对醇提大豆浓缩蛋白吸油性的影响

为改善醇提大豆浓缩蛋白的功能特性,采用微波技术对醇提大豆浓缩蛋白进行物理改性。通过单因素试验,针对吸油性进行研究,得出最佳影响范围,然后进行正交试验方差分析,最终得出用微波技术提高醇提大豆浓缩蛋白吸油性最佳工艺条件,即:固液比1∶7、微波功率650W、作用时间3min、溶液高度2.0cm,在此条件下吸油性可提高60.5%。     

高吸油吸水性织物的开发及应用

通过散纤维混合、条混等传统异纤混合方式及利用毛巾组织、起绒组织等特殊织物组织开发吸油性和吸水性俱佳的产品。在保持原有优良吸收倍率、保液能力的基础上,采用合适的织造工艺提高其吸收倍率,改善其使用性能,并概述应用。     

Effect of acetylation and succinylation on solubility profile, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity and emulsifying properties of mucuna bean (Mucuna pruriens) protein concentrate

Mucuna protein concentrate was acylated with succinic and acetic anhydride. The effects of acylation on solubility, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity and emulsifying properties were investigated. The pH-dependent solubility profile of unmodified mucuna protein concentrate (U-mpc) showed a decrease in solubility with decrease in pH and resolubilisation at pH values acidic to isoelectric pH (pH 4). Apart from pH 2, both acetylated mucuna protein concentrates (A-mpc) and succinylated mucuna protein concentrate (S-mpc) had improved solubility over the unmodified derivative. Acylation increased the water absorption capacity (WAC) at all levels of ionic strength (0.1-1.0 M). WAC of the protein samples increased with increase in ionic strength up to 0.2 M after which a decline occurred with increase in ionic strength from 0.4-1.0 M. When protein solutions were prepared in salts of various ions, increase in WAC followed the Hofmeister series in the order: NaSCN < NaClO4 < NaI < NaBr < NaCl < Na2SO. Acetylation improved the oil absorption capacity while the lipophilic tendency reduced the following succinylation. Emulsifying capacity increased with increase in concentration up to 2, 4 and 5% w/v for U-mpc, A-mpc and S-mpc, respectively, after which an increase in concentration reduced the emulsifying capacity. Both acetylation and succinylation significantly (P < 0.05) improved the emulsifying capacity at pH 4-10. Initial increase in ionic strength up to 0.4 M for U-mpc and 0.4 M for A-mpc and S-mpc increased the emulsion capacity progressively. Further increase in ionic strength reduced emulsion capacity (EC). Contrary to the effect of various salts on WAC, increase in EC generally follows the series Na2SO4 < NaCl < NaBr < NaI < NaClO4 < NaSCN. At all levels of ionic strength studied, S-mpc had a better emulsifying activity (EA) than both A-mpc and U-mpc. EA and emulsifying stability (ES) were pH-dependent. Maximum EA and ES were recorded at pH 10. ES of protein derivatives were higher than those of U-mpc in the range of pH 4-10 but lower at pH 2. Studies revealed that both A-mpc and S-mpc had better ES and EA than the unmodified derivative when protein solutions were prepared in salts of various anions.     

吸水树脂吸液性能研究

为探究吸水树脂吸液性能的影响因素,首先借助扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪对吸水树脂的结构进行分析,然后研究了时间、温度对吸水树脂在水和模拟酸、碱汗液中吸液倍率、保水性能的影响,最后探讨了吸水树脂的重复吸液能力。结果表明:吸水树脂表面有大量凸起结构,具有较大比表面积,从而加快了其吸液速率;吸水树脂中含有亲水性酰胺基,其在去离子水和模拟酸、碱汗液中的最大吸液倍率分别约为265、50、50 g/g;影响吸水树脂吸液能力的主要因素是模拟汗液中钠离子的浓度,钠离子浓度越高其吸液能力越差,酸碱性、温度对最大吸液倍率影响较小,但温度对吸水树脂的吸液速率有影响,温度越高吸液速率越快;循环使用10次后,吸水树脂在模拟酸、碱汗液中的吸液率仍可达到87%以上。     

两种方法提取的亚麻籽蛋白持水性、持油性、溶解性和氨基酸组成比较

以亚麻籽饼粕为原料,分别采用双酶复合法和碱溶酸沉法提取亚麻籽蛋白,测定并比较两种亚麻籽蛋白的持水性、持油性、溶解性及氨基酸组成。结果表明：碱溶酸沉法提取的亚麻籽蛋白的持水性在pH 6~7、40~80 ℃下优于双酶复合法;双酶复合法提取的亚麻籽蛋白的持油性在pH 4~8下优于碱溶酸沉法,但碱溶酸沉法提取的亚麻籽蛋白的持油性在40~100 ℃下优于双酶复合法;双酶复合法提取的亚麻籽蛋白的溶解性在pH 2~9（pH 3和pH 7除外）、20~60 ℃、NaCl浓度 0.3~15 mol/L下优于碱溶酸沉法;亚麻籽蛋白氨基酸种类丰富,谷氨酸含量最高,双酶复合法和碱溶酸沉法提取的亚麻籽蛋白的谷氨酸含量分别为10.793%和10.615%,两种方法氨基酸总和差异较小。     

不同品种石榴籽油组分及抗氧化性研究

以白色甜味,红色甜味和红色酸味3种石榴栽培品种(分别为临潼‘三白甜’(SBT)、‘净皮甜’(JPT)和‘酸石榴’(SSL))的果实为原料,通过石油醚超声波辅助提取法获得籽油样品,采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析其脂肪酸组成的差异性,并研究这些籽油的自由基清除能力及其皂化产物的抗氧化性。结果表明:3种石榴籽油(PSO)的主要组分的含量差异较大,含量最高的脂肪酸均为石榴酸,其含量大小顺序为‘三白甜’籽油‘净皮甜’籽油‘酸石榴’籽油。3种石榴籽油对DPPH·和ABTS+·均有较强的清除作用,且呈量效关系,其皂化产物(脂肪酸盐)则具有良好清除·OH和抑制β-胡萝卜素/亚油酸体系漂白的作用,而且3种油及其皂化产物的抗氧化性强弱排序相同,均为SBTJPTSSL,这提示石榴籽油中的石榴酸最可能是其关键的抗氧化成分。这些发现可为石榴籽油的进一步研发提供依据。     

利用固定化酶改善酸法大豆浓缩蛋白持水性和吸油性的研究

利用固定化谷氨酰胺转胺酶(MTG)对酸法大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)进行改性,并对改性SPC进行红外光谱分析。通过单因素和正交实验研究了MTG改性对SPC持水性和吸油性的影响。结果表明,当固定化MTG添加量1U/g,pH6.0,50℃下反应2h时,改性后大豆浓缩蛋白的持水性和吸油性分别比对照提高了24.8%和64.5%;与大豆分离蛋白相比,其凝胶性和吸油性分别高出58.3%和27.0%,持水性则低8.0%。     

Effect of roasting duration on the solubility,structure, and IgE-binding capacity of cashew nut proteins

Cashew nuts can induce severe allergic reactions in some allergic individuals. In this work, the solubility, structure and IgE-binding capacity of cashew proteins roasted for different durations were compared. The solubility of cashew nut proteins decreased after roasting. Ana o 3 and Ana o 2 was more thermally stable than Ana o 1. The analysis of the structure of cashew extracts by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that roasting reduced the contents of β-sheet and β-turn and led to the unfolding and aggregation of cashew protein. The IgE-binding capacity of cashew protein extracts seemed to decrease with the extension of roasting time.     

The effect of phytate on the solubility of the sunflower seed proteins

11S protein of the sunflower seed is precipitated by phytate at pH 2.0, a protein-phytate complex being formed thereby. The number of the phosphate groups bound by the time the precipitation is completed is less than one half of that of the basic groups of the 11S protein. The insolubility of the complex formed interferes with the acid extraction of protein from the sunflower meal and solvent cake. The protein extractability increases sharply after the removal of the phytate.     

Vc、异Vc及其棕榈酸酯在茶籽油中的抗氧化性能研究

将Vc、异Vc及其棕榈酸酯应用于茶籽油中,在(65±1)℃下进行强氧化实验,通过测定POV值,比较它们的抗氧化性能。结果表明:添加浓度相同时,异Vc的抗氧化效果比Vc的好;异Vc棕榈酸酯的抗氧化效果比Vc棕榈酸酯的好;酯化后的Vc及异Vc比酯化前的好;在所研究的添加量范围内(0.005%～0.10%,w/w),Vc棕榈酸酯和异Vc棕榈酸酯在茶籽油中的抗氧化性能随着添加量的增加而提高。     

Improvement of the water solubility and emulsifying capacity of rice proteins through the addition of isolated soy protein

The market for rice protein (RP) has been steadily growing, but applications of RPs as food ingredients and functional materials are limited due to poor solubility in water. Here, the complex of RP and isolated soy protein (ISP) was prepared, and the potential utility of RP–ISP complex as an emulsifier was evaluated. The solubility of the RP solution was 25.8% whereas it was greatly increased to 68.4% in the RP–ISP complex. The properties of RP and RP–ISP complex were assessed by scanning electron microscope, gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism, and surface hydrophobicity test. Next soybean oil emulsions were prepared using the RP and RP–ISP complex. The RP-stabilised emulsion was unstable to storage. In contrast, the RP–ISP complex-stabilised emulsions showed good stability, especially when more than 0.2% ISP was added. These data suggest that the preparation of soluble RPs by ISP could expand the applications of RP in the food industry.     

葡萄籽油提取工艺的研究

葡萄籽中油脂含量一般在14%～17%,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量在90%以上,亚油酸含量在70%以上.主要研究了提取溶剂、提取温度、提取时间、料液比、葡萄籽的含水量和粉碎度对葡萄籽中油的提取得率的影响,并采用正交试验对提取条件进行了优化.结果显示,提取溶剂、提取温度、提取时间、提取料液比、葡萄籽的含水量和粉碎度对提取效果均有显著性影响.通过研究,初步确定了葡萄籽油的适宜提取条件.即:以石油醚(30～60)作为提取剂;提取温度65℃;提取时间3h;提取料液比为1:12,葡萄籽含水量为9.5%,葡萄籽粒度80目.以该优化条件进行提取,葡萄籽中毛油的得率达到20.78%(w/w).将在正交试验所得的最优条件下制得的葡萄籽油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成进行检测,结果为:相对密度为0.907,酸价为3.21mgKOH/g,皂化值为136.4mgKOH/g,过氧化值为6.65mmol/kg,碘价为127.2I2g/100g.葡萄籽油中的主要不饱和脂肪酸为亚油酸和油酸,其中亚油酸占整个脂肪酸含量的71.20%,油酸占17.53%.