柴胡解毒汤对实验性酒精性肝纤维化复合模型大鼠Col-Ⅳ,HA的影响

目的:观察柴胡解毒汤对实验性酒精性肝纤维化复合模型大鼠Col-Ⅳ、HA血清含量的影响。方法:通过采用酒、猪油混合灌胃诱导大鼠实验性酒精性肝纤维化复合模型,并分为柴胡解毒汤干预Ⅰ组(简称干预Ⅰ组)、柴胡解毒汤兼酒精高脂饮食组(简称干预Ⅱ组)、酒精兼高脂饮食组(简称模型组)及空白对照组予以灌胃,最终取大鼠血清进行检测。称量大鼠体重,并用ELISA Kit法检测透明质酸(HA)和Ⅳ型胶原(Col-Ⅳ)的含量。结果:12周后,造模各组大鼠毛发灰暗,杂乱,消瘦,活动度减弱,大便溏稀。血清Col-Ⅳ、HA较空白对照组均有显著升高(P0.01),与模型组比较,干预Ⅰ组和干预Ⅱ组均下降明显(P0.01)。干预Ⅰ组、干预Ⅱ组、模型组、空白对照组HA含量依次为219.17±41.64、184.89±22.83、249.32±34.60、123.48±25.85。Col-Ⅳ含量依次为9.59±1.81、12.57±1.41、19.71±6.04、7.62±5.36。结论:柴胡解毒汤可能通过抑制Col-Ⅳ、HA的表达水平,对大鼠实验性酒精性肝纤维化复合模型具有一定的干预作用。     

探究壮方柔肝化纤颗粒对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织病理影响机制

摘要 目的：探究壮方柔肝化纤颗粒对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织病理影响机制。方法：选取80只雄性Wistar大鼠随机将其平均分成正常对照组、病理模型组、柔肝化纤颗粒低、中、高剂量组,每组各16只。四氯化碳复合因素造模,观察记录大鼠肝脏形态,采用HE染色、Masson染色观察大鼠肝组织和胶原纤维变化,检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）指标数值,分析大鼠肝组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、羟脯氨酸（HYP）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）与丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结果：柔肝化纤颗粒低、中、高剂量组大鼠肝细胞变性、坏死及纤维化组织增生程度均较病理模型组明显减轻。柔肝化纤颗粒低、中、高剂量组血清ALT、AST指标数值与肝组织中HYP、MDA指标水平较病理模型组呈现剂量依赖性降低（P＜0.001）,而柔肝化纤颗粒高剂量组GSH-Px、SOD的指标含量显著高于病理模型组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。结论：柔肝化纤颗粒可有效改善肝纤维化大鼠的肝细胞损害情况,减轻其肝组织炎症程度,对肝纤维化大鼠有一定的保肝护肝与抗肝纤维化作用,其机制可能与提高GSH-Px与SOD的水平、降低HYP与MDA的含量、降低氧化应激水平、调节脂质代谢、减少机体胶原蛋白合成等相关。     

兔前交叉韧带损伤后膝关节本体感觉、残端血运及膝关节腔尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物变化的实验研究

摘要 目的：研究兔前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤后膝关节本体感觉、残端血运及膝关节腔尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（u-PA）的变化情况。方法：选取80只新西兰兔进行研究,将其以随机数字表法分作模型组及空白对照组各40只。模型组建立单侧ACL损伤模型,空白对照组仅切开关节。比较两组术前及术后2周、4周、8周时膝关节本体感觉、残端血运及膝关节腔u-PA水平的差异。结果：模型组新西兰兔术后2周、4周、8周时的体感诱发电位（SEP）、肌电图（EMG）潜伏期均高于空白对照组,而SEP、EMG波幅均低于空白对照组（P＜0.05）。模型组新西兰兔术后2周、4周、8周时的残端组织微血管密度分别为（2.04±0.24）n/mm²、（2.75±0.61）n/mm²、（1.60±0.33）n/mm²,均高于空白对照组的（1.34±0.24）n/mm²、（1.34±0.25）n/mm²、（1.35±0.26）n/mm²,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。模型组新西兰兔术后2周、4周、8周时的膝关节液u-PA水平分别为（173.97±14.29）pg/mL、（188.37±15.82）pg/mL、（171.38±14.76）pg/mL,均高于空白对照组的（158.02±10.18）pg/mL、（157.68±10.20）pg/mL、（157.37±10.07）pg/mL,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：ACL损伤后会在不同程度上影响膝关节本体感觉、残端血运及膝关节腔u-PA含量,值得临床进一步研究。     

千金藤素腹腔注射对卵巢癌模型大鼠的作用及其机制研究

摘要 目的：研究千金藤素腹腔注射对卵巢癌模型大鼠的作用及其机制。方法：选取30只SD级清洁级健康雌性大鼠,按照随机数字表法分成模型组、实验组与空白对照组,每组各10只。空白对照组不予以处理,模型组与实验组建立卵巢癌模型,且实验组在造模后予以千金藤素腹腔注射干预,使用剂量为20 mg/kg每次,1次/d,给药30d,模型组与空白对照组予以等量生理盐水干预。比较各组大鼠荷瘤重量、腹水量以及肿瘤体积,癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖类抗原153（CA153）及人附睾蛋白（HE4）表达水平,磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（PI3K）、雷帕霉素靶蛋白（p-mTOR）、张力蛋白同源缺失的染色体（PTEN）表达,免疫指标水平。结果：模型组与实验组大鼠荷瘤重量、腹水量、肿瘤体积及CEA、CA153、HE4表达水平均高于空白对照组,且实验组大鼠上述各项指标水平均低于模型组（均P＜0.05）。模型组及实验组大鼠的PI3K、p-mTOR、PTEN表达水平均低于空白对照组,且实验组大鼠的PI3K、p-mTOR、PTEN表达水平均高于模型组（均P＜0.05）。模型组及实验组大鼠的CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平均低于空白对照组,且实验组大鼠CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平均高于模型组（均P＜0.05）;模型组及实验组大鼠的CD8⁺水平均高于空白对照组,且实验组大鼠CD8⁺水平低于模型组（均P＜0.05）。结论：千金藤素腹腔注射对卵巢癌模型大鼠具有明显的抑癌作用,有利于下调肿瘤标志物水平,其主要作用机制可能与调控PI3K/mTOR信号通路、PTEN表达以及免疫功能有关。     

大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型中低温处理对心肌无复流的影响分析

摘要 目的：探究低温治疗对大鼠心肌缺血模型再灌注后组织无复流的相关影响。方法：选择标准成年Sprague Dawley大鼠40只（雄性雌性各20只）,平均体重（205.6±1.5）g,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各20只,建立心肌缺血再灌注模型,对照组给予常温处理,观察组则在再灌注结束时晚期给予低温干预,对两组大鼠心肌组织无复流的差异及相关变量进行比较分析。结果：观察组的心肌缺血高危区域所占的百分比平均水平为（16.7±3.5）%,低于对照组的（35.6±2.5）%（P<0.05）;观察组的组织坏死区域所占的百分比平均水平为（23.8±5.1）%,低于对照组的（56.4±3.9）%（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组再灌注结束时心率降低,收缩压和平均血压升高（P<0.05）;两组大鼠心肌染色宏观评价显示心肌梗死面积无明显差异,但观察组无复流的区域小于对照组。结论：在大鼠心肌缺血动物模型中通过再灌注后晚期给予治疗性的低温处理能够显著改善微血管的堵塞,并且此效应与心肌梗死的面积无关。     

军事飞行人员非酒精性脂肪肝病患者白细胞计数、C反应蛋白、尿酸与糖脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗和肝纤维化指标的相关性研究

摘要 目的：研究军事飞行人员非酒精性脂肪肝病（NAFLD）患者白细胞计数（WBC）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、尿酸（UA）与糖脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗和肝纤维化指标的相关性。方法：选择2018年7月至2021年12月期间海军青岛特勤疗养中心收治的100例NAFLD军事飞行人员作为NAFLD组,另取同期健康体检者90例作为对照组。检测并对比两组的WBC、CRP、UA、糖脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗以及肝纤维化相关指标,采用Pearson相关系数分析WBC、CRP、UA与糖脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗和肝纤维化指标的相关性。结果：NAFLD组的WBC、CRP、UA水平均明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。NAFLD组的空腹血糖（FBG）、总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）水平均高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。NAFLD组的Ⅲ型前胶原肽（PC-Ⅲ）、层粘连蛋白（LN）、透明质酸（HA）、Ⅳ型胶原（Col-Ⅳ）水平均明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示, WBC、CRP、UA与TC、TG、LDL-C、HOMA-IR、PC-Ⅲ、LN、HA、Col-Ⅳ均呈正相关,而与HDL-C呈负相关（P<0.05）; WBC、CRP、UA与FBG、FINS无显著相关性（P>0.05）。结论：军事飞行人员NAFLD患者体内WBC、CRP、UA明显升高,且与糖脂代谢紊乱、胰岛素抵抗和肝纤维化有关。     

钌络合物通过诱发高尔基体应激在Walker-256荷瘤大鼠中发挥抗肿瘤作用的机制

摘要 目的：探讨钌络合物通过诱发高尔基体应激在Walker-256荷瘤大鼠中发挥抗肿瘤作用的机制。方法：以30只雄性Wistar大鼠为研究对象,通过Walker-256细胞右骨盆肢体皮下注射建立荷瘤大鼠模型,然后根据实验目的将大鼠分为3组,对照组（正常大鼠,PBS干预）,肿瘤模型组（荷瘤模型大鼠,PBS干预）和钌络合物组[荷瘤模型大鼠,管饲法给予5 mg / kg钌络合物溶液（由含2% Tween的PBS溶解）],各10只。通过测厚仪和电子秤分别计算大鼠肿瘤体积及重量;酶联免疫吸附试验试剂盒检测大鼠刚脏组织匀浆中氧化应激水平;蛋白印迹和荧光探针DCFH-DA试剂盒分析LC3 II/I表达和ROS活性;蛋白印迹分析高尔基应激相关蛋白GOLPH3、GRASP65的表达;实时定量PCR分析Bax、Bcl-2和Caspase-3的mRNA表达。结果：钌络合物组较肿瘤模型组肿瘤重量降低（P<0.05）,肿瘤模型组较对照组体重增加降低（P<0.05）,钌络合物组较肿瘤模型组体重增加（P<0.05）。肿瘤模型组较对照组SOD活性和LPO升高（P<0.05）,CAT、GST和GSH活性降低（P<0.05）,钌络合物组较肿瘤模型组LPO降低（P<0.05）,CAT、GST和GSH活性升高（P<0.05）。肿瘤模型组较对照组LC3 II/I蛋白表达和ROS活性升高（P<0.05）,钌络合物组较肿瘤模型组LC3 II/I蛋白表达和ROS活性降低（P<0.05）。肿瘤模型组较对照组GOLPH3、GRASP65的蛋白表达升高（P<0.05）,钌络合物组较肿瘤模型组GOLPH3、GRASP65的蛋白表达降低（P<0.05）。肿瘤模型组较对照组Bax和Caspase-3的mRNA表达升高（P<0.05）,Bcl-2 mRNA表达降低（P<0.05）,钌络合物组较肿瘤模型组Bax和Caspase-3的mRNA表达降低,Bcl-2 mRNA表达升高（P<0.05）。结论：钌络合物通过调节高尔基应激反应,削弱氧化磷酸化从而促进Walker-256细胞死亡发挥抗肿瘤活性。     

氯沙坦联合螺内酯对预N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯诱导高血压模型大鼠肾脏纤维化及心室重塑的影响

摘要 目的：探讨氯沙坦联合螺内酯对预N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯（N''-nitro-L-arginine-methylesterhydrochloride,L-NAME）诱导高血压模型大鼠肾脏纤维化及心室重塑的影响。方法：选择8周龄Wistar大鼠为研究对象,通过给予0.1 %的L-NAME饮用水诱导高血压模型。将大鼠根据随机数字表法分为三组：对照组,诱导组和联合治疗组。通过超声心动图比较室间隔厚度和左心室后壁厚度。CODATM8无创血压系统监测大鼠心脏功能。通过蛋白印迹分析大鼠肾切片中I型胶原、III型胶原和CTGF的蛋白表达。Masson的三色染色评估肾脏组织胶原含量沉积。通过RT-PCR分析大鼠心脏肥大标志物和转录因子心房利钠肽（Atrial natriuretic peptide,ANP）和脑利钠肽（Brain natriuretic peptide,BNP）的表达。通过免疫组化和免疫比浊法分析大鼠肾小球硬化指数和白蛋白尿。结果：模型组较对照组大鼠室间隔厚度和左心室后壁厚度、MAP和心脏/体重比、I型胶原、III型胶原和CTGF的蛋白表达、ANP和BNP的mRNA表达、肾小球硬化指数和白蛋白尿以及SMA和TGF-β1的蛋白表达均显著增加,FS显著降低（P<0.05）,联合治疗组较模型组室间隔厚度和左心室后壁厚度、MAP和心脏/体重比、I型胶原、III型胶原和CTGF的蛋白表达、ANP和BNP的mRNA表达、肾小球硬化指数和白蛋白尿以及SMA和TGF-β1的蛋白表达均显著降低,FS显著增加（P<0.05）。结论：氯沙坦联合螺内酯可减轻L-NAME诱导的高血压大鼠模型中心脏重塑和肾脏纤维化的发生。     

齐墩果酸对APP/PS-1双转基因AD小鼠的神经保护作用研究

摘要 目的：研究齐墩果酸（Oleanolic Acid，OA）对APP/PS-1双转基因阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer''s disease，AD）小鼠模型神经保护作用及机制。方法：选取6月龄APP/PS-1雄性小鼠21只，随机分为模型组（0.5% CMC-Na）、阳性组（多奈哌齐组，0.7 mg?kg^-1）、齐墩果酸组（10 mg?kg^-1）每组7只，6月龄同背景SPF级C57BL/6小鼠7只为对照组。灌胃8周之后通过Morris水迷宫实验观察小鼠学习记忆能力的改变，HE染色观察神经元细胞形态，ELISA检测血清中Aβ1-42含量；免疫组化检测Aβ_1-42、APP、Iba1蛋白表达情况；Western blot检测APP、Iba1蛋白表达水平。结果：（1）对照组，模型组，阳性组及齐墩果酸组进入有效区域次数分别为7.00±2.09，1.00±0.89，3.67±1.97，4.33±2.50，与模型组相比，对照组，阳性组，齐墩果酸组均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；（2）血清Aβ_1-42含量按上述顺序依次为4.98±0.25，2.50±0.66，4.63±0.73，4.36±0.97，与模型组相比，对照组，阳性组，齐墩果酸组均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；（3）免疫组化结果显示与模型组相比，对照组，阳性组，齐墩果酸组Aβ_1-42、APP、Iba1蛋白阳性细胞数减少；（4）WB结果：对照组，模型组，阳性组，齐墩果酸组APP蛋白相对表达量分别为0.52±0.17，1.38±0.35，0.89±0.25，0.93±0.27；这四组的IBA1蛋白相对表达量分别为0.98±0.34，1.79±0.74，1.06±0.61，0.88±0.49，与模型组相比，野生对照组，阳性组，齐墩果酸组APP、IBA1蛋白相对含量有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：齐墩果酸组可以改善APP/PS-1模型小鼠记忆力及认知功能，降低海马神经元的损伤，并通过下调Aβ_1-42、APP、Iba1蛋白的表达水平来发挥保护神经作用。     

温补肾阳法治疗肾阳虚模型大鼠多尿症状的机制研究

摘要 目的：探讨温补肾阳法治疗肾阳虚模型大鼠多尿症状的作用机制。方法：90只雄性SD大鼠随机分成干预组、抑制剂组、空白组、模型组,干预组根据中药剂量分为高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组。模型组、干预组及抑制剂组接受肾阳虚模型制备,干预组在成模后每日接受7 g/kg、14 g/kg、28 g/kg剂量中药灌胃,连续灌胃14 d。抑制剂组大鼠接受尾静脉注射通路抑制剂H-89。干预结束后比较各组脏器指数、24 h尿量、24 h尿蛋白水平以及尿液钠离子（Na⁺）、钾离子（K⁺）、氯离子（Cl^-）浓度、肾脏病理变化、血清醛固酮（ALD）、乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）、促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（CRF）、大鼠促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、大鼠皮质醇（CORT）、蛋白激酶A（PKA）、蛋白激酶A（cAMP）含量、肾脏组织水通道蛋白2（AQP-2）蛋白表达的变化。结果：温补肾阳法可明显减少肾阳虚模型大鼠尿量,改善临床症状,且具有一定的剂量依赖性（P<0.05）。经过中药干预后大鼠24 h尿蛋白、脏器指数、尿液Na⁺、Cl^-均下降,尿液K⁺、血清ALD、ADH、CRF、ACTH、CORT、PKA、cAMP含量、肾脏组织AQP-2蛋白表达上调（P<0.05）,且抑制剂H-89可阻断该作用。结论：温补肾阳法可明显改善肾阳虚模型大鼠多尿症状,其作用机制可能通过cAMP-PKA-AQP2通路介导。     

Tuning of electronic properties of one-dimensional cyano-bridged Cu-Ni, Cu-Pd, and Cu-Pt bimetallic assemblies by stereochemistry of ligands

Preparations, XPS and electronic spectroscopy, and magnetism of seven new one-dimensional cyano-bridged coordination polymers, chiral [Cu(RR-chxn)₂][Pd(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (1), [Cu(trans-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (2, 4, and 6 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt), and [Cu(cis-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (3, 5, and 7 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt) (RR-chxn = cyclohexane-(1R,2R)-diamine, trans-chxn = racemic trans-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine, and cis-chxn = racemic cis-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine) have been reported in view of tuning of their electronic properties by stereochemistry of chxn ligands and metal-substitution. Comparison of Cu 2p_1/2 and 2p_3/2 peaks of XPS and broad d-d bands around 18 000 cm⁻¹ of electronic spectra are described systematically for 1-7. Variable-temperature magnetic measurement shows that complexes 1-7 indicate weak antiferromagnetic interactions via cyano-bridges. Because of semi-coordination coupled with pseudo Jahn-Teller elongation and electrostatic interaction for 1, the axial Cu-N coordination bond distances of 2.330(7) and 3.092(8) Å are considerably longer than those of equatorial ones in the range from 2.016(6) to 2.030(6) Å. The former bond distances of 1 are intermediate values among the related Ni (2.324(6) and 3.120(8) Å) and Pt (2.34(1) and 3.09(1) Å) complexes.     

Influence of Fluoride on Rat Kidney Antioxidant System: Effects of Methionine and Vitamin E

The aim of the study has been to determine and compare the influence upon the kidney antioxidative system, exercised by administration of vitamin E, and vitamin E in combination with methionine, under conditions of oxidative stress induced by sodium fluoride. The experiment was carried out on Wistar FL rats (adult males) that, for 35 days, were administered water, NaF, NaF with vitamin E, or vitamin E with methionine (doses: 10 mg NaF/kg of body mass/24 h, 3 mg vitamin E per 10 μl per rat for 24 h, 2 mg methionine per rat for 24 h). The influence of administered sodium fluoride and antioxidants upon the antioxidative system in kidney was examined by analyzing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of the most important antioxidative enzymes (SOD, total and both its isoenzymes, GPX, GST, GR, and CAT). The studies carried out confirmed the disadvantageous effect of the administered dose of NaF upon the antixodiative system in rats (increase in the concentration MDA, decrease activity of all antioxidative enzymes). The administration of vitamin E increased the activity of studied enzymes with the exception of glutathione reductase GR; it also reduced the procesess of lipid peroxidation. It has been found that combined doses of vitamin E and methionine were most effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation processes. The results confirmed the antioxidative properties of methionine.     

多马胺能药物对鲇鱼促性腺激素（GtH）分泌活动的影响

以珠江流域鲇鱼（silurus asotus)为实验材料,研究了多巴胺（DA）能药物（DA及其D－2型受体拮抗物 ,DOM）对鲇鱼促性腺激素（GtH)释放的影响,结果表明,在性腺发育的各个时期,单独注射DOM（5ug/g)均不能显著提高鲇鱼血液基础GtH水平,当DOM与LHRH－A联合注射时能显著增强LHRH－A刺激GtH释放的作用;DA只能抑制GnRH诱导的GtH释放,对基础GtH释放无抑制作用,这种生殖内分泌调节方式与鲇形目的革胡子鲇（Clarias gariepinus)和大鳍Hu（Mystus macropterus)相似,而与鲤形目的鲁科（Cyrpindiae)鱼类不同。     

Reorientation of Microfibrils and Microtubules at the Outer Epidermal Wall of Maize Coleoptiles During Auxin-Mediated Growth

Auxin-mediated elongation growth of isolated subapical coleoptile segments of maize (Zea mays L.) is controlled by the extensibility of the outer cell wall of the outer epidermis (Kutschera et al., 1987). Here we investigate the hypothesis that auxin controls the extensibility of this wall by changing the orientation of newly deposited microfibrils through a corresponding change in the orientation of cortical microtubules. On the basis of electron micrographs it is shown that cessation of growth after removal of the endogenous source of auxin is correlated with a relative increase of longitudinally orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. Conversely, reinduction of growth by exogenous auxin is correlated with a relative increase of transversely orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. These changes can be detected 30–60 min after the removal and addition of auxin, respectively. The functional significance of directional changes of newly desposited wall microfibrils for the control of elongation growth is discussed.     

Combination of dihydromyricetin and ondansetron strengthens antiproliferative efficiency of adriamycin in K562/ADR through downregulation of SORCIN: A new strategy of inhibiting P-glycoprotein

Though the advancement of chemotherapy drugs alleviates the progress of cancer, long-term therapy with anticancer agents gradually leads to acquired multidrug resistance (MDR), which limits the survival outcomes in patients. It was shown that dihydromyricetin (DMY) could partly reverse MDR by suppressing P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and soluble resistance-related calcium-binding protein (SORCIN) independently. To reverse MDR more effectively, a new strategy was raised, that is, circumventing MDR by the coadministration of DMY and ondansetron (OND), a common antiemetic drug, during cancer chemotherapy. Meanwhile, the interior relation between P-gp and SORCIN was also revealed. The combination of DMY and OND strongly enhanced antiproliferative efficiency of adriamycin (ADR) because of the increasing accumulation of ADR in K562/ADR-resistant cell line. DMY could downregulate the expression of SORCIN and P-gp via the ERK/Akt pathways, whereas OND could not. In addition, it was proved that SORCIN suppressed ERK and Akt to inhibit P-gp by the silence of SORCIN, however, not vice versa. Finally, the combination of DMY, OND, and ADR led to G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via resuming P53 function and restraining relevant proteins expression. These fundamental findings provided a promising approach for further treatment of MDR.     

Evolution of different oligomeric glycyl-tRNA synthetases

There are two oligomeric types of glycyl-tRNA synthetases (GlyRSs) in genome, the alpha2beta2 tetramer and alpha2 dimer. Here, we showed that the anticodon-binding domains (ABDs) of dimeric and tetrameric GlyRSs are non-homologous, although their catalytic central domains (CCDs) are homologous. The dimeric GlyRS_ABD is fused to the C-terminal of CCD in alpha-subunit, but the tetrameric GlyRS_ABD is to the C-terminal in beta-subunit during evolution. Generally, one species only contains one oligomeric type of GlyRS, but the both oligomeric GlyRSs with the multiple homologous domains can be observed in Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum genome, nevertheless, these homologous domains are probably from different genomes.     

Structure and function of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase

In mammals, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) is the only known enzyme to catalyze the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to homocysteine and adenosine. AdoHcy is the product of all adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent biological transmethylations. These reactions have a wide range of products, and are common in all facets of biometabolism. As a product inhibitor, elevated levels of AdoHcy suppress AdoMet-dependent transmethylations. Thus, AdoHcyase is a regulator of biological transmethylation in general. The three-dimensional structure of AdoHcyase complexed with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADH) and the inhibitor (1′R, 2′S, 3′R)-9-(2′,3′-dihyroxycyclopenten-1-yl)adenine (DHCeA) was solved by a combination of the crystallographic direct methods program, SnB, to determine the selenium atom substructure and by treating the multiwavelength anomalous diffraction data as a special case of multiple isomorphous replacement. The enzyme architecture resembles that observed for NAD-dependent dehydrogenases, with the catalytic domain and the cofactor binding domain each containing a modified Rossmann fold. The two domains form a deep active site cleft containing the cofactor and bound inhibitor molecule. A comparison of the inhibitor complex of the human enzyme and the structure of the rat enzyme, solved without inhibitor, suggests that a 17° rigid body movement of the catalytic domain occurs upon inhibitor/substrate binding.     

Plasmodium berghei: lack of antimalarial activity of an analogue of folate precursor, 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxymethylpteridine in a mouse model

It was earlier hypothesized that the malarial parasite may convert precursors of folate analogues to synthesize de novo inhibitors toxic to itself, but not to the mammalian cell. It was suggested that one such analogue, 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxymethylpteridine (DAP) may be converted to aminopterin (AMP), a known dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of DAP to inhibit proliferation of Plasmodium berghei NK65 in mice, with(out) folinic acid rescue. Cumulative dosages of DAP ranging from 0.1 to 20 mg/kg bw. administered either orally or intraperitoneally showed no suppression of parasite growth, or gave mild activities that were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Our findings do not seem to support the hypothesis of selective de novo metabolism of DAP to AMP by the malarial parasite.     

围隔藻类水华演替过程中二甲基硫化物的含量动态

于2005年6月至7月,研究了海洋围隔不同藻类水华演替过程中二甲基硫化物的含量动态,并考察了相关环境参数对二甲基硫化物含量的影响。2个围隔实验组均出现未知藻水华-硅藻水华-甲藻水华的演替过程,这3次不同藻类水华分别对应了二甲基硫化物含量的3次高峰,表明藻类水华对二甲基硫化物含量有重要贡献。不同藻类水华的贡献有较大差异,甲藻水华的贡献最大,硅藻次之,未知藻类水华的贡献最小。实验结果还表明PO4^3-、NO2^-和NH4^＋主要通过影响藻类生长状态,进而影响DMSP和DMSO的含量;NO2^-和NH4^＋亦可能通过调节DMSP和DMSO在藻细胞内的生理功能,影响DMSP和DMSO的含量;PO4^3-、NO2^-和NH4^＋与DMS含量无显著相关。     

In vitro studies of the rabbit immune system. IV. Differential mitogen responses of isolated T and B cells.

The mitogenic responses of separated rabbit lymphocyte populations functionally analogous to mouse T and B cells have been tested in vitro. Purified T cells were prepared by passage over nylon wool (NW) and purified B cells prepared by treatment with antithymocyte serum and complement (ATS + C). ATS + C kills 70% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL's) and 50% of the spleen cells while passage over NW yields 40% of the applied PBL's and 5–23% of the applied spleen cells. NW-purified T cells from the spleen or PBL's respond fully to concanavalin A (Con A) but have a reduced response to phytohemaglutinin (PHA) and little or no response to goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (anti-Ig). PBL's that survive ATS + C (B cells) are stimulated by anti-Ig but not by Con A or PHA. B cells purified from spleen do not respond to Con A or PHA but will respond to anti-Ig under appropriate conditions. A full spleen B-cell response to anti-Ig required removal of Ig produced by the cultures that blocked anti-Ig stimulation. It is concluded that, for rabbit lymphocytes, Con A and PHA are primarily T-cell mitogens and that anti-Ig is primarily a B-cell mitogen. However, the mitogen response of unfractionated PBL or spleen cell populations indicates an overlap in reactivity. This could be due to cells sharing T and B properties, alteration of cell populations by the fractionation procedures used, or recruitment of one population in the presence of a mitogenic response of the other population.