醇溶法提取黑米色素的工艺研究

以黑米为原料,利用乙醇为浸提剂,研究了黑米色素的提取工艺,分别考察了料液比、浸提p H、浸提温度和浸提时间各单因素水平对提取效果的影响,并通过正交试验确定了醇溶法提取黑米色素最佳的工艺条件。结果表明,影响黑米色素提取的因素主次顺序为:浸提时间料液比浸提温度浸提p H。最佳提取工艺参数为:用体积分数95%的乙醇浸提,料液比1∶45(g∶m L),浸提p H3.0,浸提温度80℃,浸提时间90 min。     

黑豆皮色素提取工艺的研究

以黑豆皮为原料,考察了提取剂种类、提取剂浓度、料液比、提取温度、pH值等因素对黑豆皮色素提取效果的影响.结果提取黑豆色素的最佳工艺条件为:提取剂为乙醇,提取剂体积分数60％,料液比1∶100,提取温度60℃,浸提时间45 min,pH1.5,浸提3次.在该条件下,黑豆皮色素的提取率可达18％.     

响应面法优化紫山药色素提取工艺

以紫山药为原料,采用溶剂提取法提取紫山药色素。结果表明,紫山药色素的最大吸收波长为540 nm,与丙酮和甲醇相比,体积分数为40%的乙醇对色素的提取率最高。以吸光值为指标,通过单因素试验分别考察了液料比、温度和提取时间等三个因素对紫山药色素提取率的影响,在此基础上采用响应面试验设计对乙醇提取色素的工艺参数进行优化,确定最佳工艺条件为:液料比92(m L/g)、温度58℃、提取时间128 min。     

狗枣猕猴桃叶黄酮提取工艺的研究

以乙醇作为提取剂,采用振荡提取法从狗枣猕猴桃叶中提取黄酮类化合物,研究了乙醇浓度、样品粒度、料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间及浸提次数对提取效果的影响。结果表明,料液比对黄酮提取效果影响最大,其次为提取时间和提取温度,而样品粒度和乙醇浓度影响较小。狗枣猕猴桃叶黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇浓度75%,粒度80目,料液比1∶15,浸提温度80℃,浸提时间2h,浸提次数3次,在此条件下黄酮提取率可达7.250%。     

山楂中熊果酸的提取工艺

以山楂为原料,利用乙醇为浸提剂,研究了熊果酸的提取工艺,分别考察了乙醇浓度、浸提温度、料液比和浸提时间各单因素水平对熊果酸提取效果的影响,并通过正交试验确定了提取熊果酸最佳的工艺条件。结果表明影响熊果酸提取的因素主次顺序为:乙醇浓度浸提温度浸提时间料液比。最佳提取工艺参数为:用体积分数90%的乙醇浸提,料液比1∶30(g/m L),浸提温度80℃,浸提时间2 h。     

山药皮中皂苷提取工艺优化研究

为了增加山药皮利用率,提高山药皮中皂苷得率,以山药皮为原料,采用热回流法提取山药皮中的皂苷化合物。通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究提取温度、提取时间、乙醇浓度和料液比等因素对山药皮皂苷提取效果的影响。结果表明,最佳提取条件为:提取温度45℃、提取时间3 h、乙醇体积分数70%和料液比1∶20,皂苷提取率为0.251%。     

紫玉米芯色素提取工艺条件研究

以紫玉米芯为原料，通过单因素及正交实验研究紫玉米芯色素提取效率的诸多因素影响。结果表明：各因素对紫玉米芯内色素提取效果的影响程度依次为：浸提液酸度〉浸提温度〉料液配比〉浸提时间。确定了紫玉米芯中色素提取最佳工艺条件为浸提液酸度pHl、浸提温度80℃、料液比1：50、浸泡时间1．5h、提取级数2。     

紫薯花青素提取工艺和纯化的研究

以紫甘薯为研究对象,通过单因素和正交试验对紫甘薯提取剂的选择和提取工艺及纯化条件进行探讨,筛选出最佳提取剂和提取工艺及纯化条件,紫甘薯中花青素的最佳提取剂为乙醇的酸性溶液,提取最佳工艺条件为:80%乙醇酸性溶液,料液比为1:10,提取温度为60℃,提取时间为3 h。紫甘薯花青素的纯化条件为:大孔树脂吸附温度为35℃,吸附p H值为2.5;大孔树脂乙醇解吸浓度为70%,解吸时间为0.5 h。     

响应面分析法优化紫薯花青素提取工艺

以紫甘薯花青素为原料,采用柠檬酸水溶液为提取剂,分别研究提取剂浓度、浸提温度、浸提时间和料液比对花青素提取率的影响。在此基础上,采用3因素3水平响应面分析法,以吸光度为响应值,探讨浸提温度、浸提时间和料液比对紫薯花青素提取的影响并对提取工艺进行优化。紫薯花青素在波长为524nm处有最大吸收峰。单因素实验证明当柠檬酸浓度为5%、浸提温度为50℃、浸提时间为4h、料液比为1∶20g/mL时花青素提取率达到最大。响应面分析证明对花青素提取率影响大小的顺序为料液比、提取温度和提取时间。响应面分析法确定紫薯花青素最佳提取工艺参数为:提取温度46℃,提取时间6h,料液比1∶23g/mL,在此条件下花青素含量为159mg/100g。     

金柚皮总黄酮的微波辅助提取工艺研究

采用微波辐射预处理金柚皮,以乙醇作提取剂从金柚皮中提取黄酮类物质,探讨了影响金柚皮总黄酮提取的微波辐射预处理条件(辐射功率和辐射时间)、乙醇浓度、浸提时间、浸提温度、料液比因素。通过正交试验确定了最佳工艺条件。结果表明,在微波辐射功率495W、辐射时间3min 预处理金柚皮后,用80% 乙醇作为浸提剂,按料液比1:8,在温度70℃下浸提40min 可取得最佳提取效果。此条件下总黄酮提取率达0.99%。     

菝葜根茎色素的提取及稳定性研究

该试验对菝葜根茎色素的最佳提取条件和色素的稳定性进行探究性试验。把单因素试验结果作为试验基础,以吸光度作为检测指标,通过采用L9(33)正交试验设计,验证试验对菝葜根茎色素的提取工艺条件进行最佳优化,同时探究其氧化还原剂、金属离子等因素对菝葜根茎色素稳定性的影响。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为提取温度70℃,提取液浓度50%乙醇,提取时间1.5 h,料液比为1∶10(g/mL)。稳定性试验结果表明加入氧化剂H2O2和还原剂Na2SO3对菝葜根茎色素的吸光值有上升趋势;金属离子检测时Fe3+对色素有显著影响,其他金属离子对菝葜根茎色素液的影响不明显。     

Production of Fungal β-amylase and Amyloglucosidase on Some Nigerian Agricultural Residues

Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Helminthosporium oxysporium, and Penicillium frequestans isolated from common Nigerian agricultural residues like cassava, yam, banana, and plantain peels and brewery spent grains (BSG) were screened for their ability to produce β-amylase and amyloglucosidase using submerged and solid-state cultivation regimens. Enzyme activity (EU) was determined by estimating the amount of reducing sugars produced as a result of the action of crude enzyme solutions on buffered starch solution. Results showed that A. niger liberated the highest level of β-amylase (33.2 EU) on plantain peels medium using the static cultivation method, while it produced the highest amount of amyloglucosidase (29.8 EU) on yam peels substrate with solid-state cultivation regimen. Plantain peels favored β-amylase production more than the other tested wastes supporting production of 33.2 and 9.8 EU of the enzyme in A. niger under solid-state and static cultivation methods, respectively. Yam peels favored liberation of 15.3 EU amyloglucosidase in each of the solid-state and the static cultivation regimens. Production of β-amylase on BSG, yam, banana, and plantain peels was not significantly facilitated by static cultivation method (p > 0.05), while solid-state cultivation regimen favored amyloglucosidase production on cassava peels and BSG (p < 0.05). Optimal production yield of β-amylase and amyloglucosidase were 16.6 and 14.9 EU g⁻¹ on plantain and yam waste media by the mold.     

Formation of zinc-chlorophyll-derivative complexes in thermally processed green pears (Pyrus communis L.)

ABSTRACT:  The formation of zinc-chlorophyll-derivative complexes was investigated in peels-on green D'Anjou pears when subjected to blanching in zinc ion solution (1300, 2600, and 0 ppm) at 94 °C for 6, 12, or 18 min and then canning at 94 °C for 20 min. The peels removed from the pears were freeze-dried and ground into powders in liquid nitrogen for pigment extraction using ethyl ether. The visual absorption of the extracts was measured using a spectrophotometer along with identification and quantification of chlorophyll derivatives using reverse-phase HPLC method. Furthermore, pears with or without the peels were blanched in 2600 ppm of zinc solution for 12 min following the canning process in 10 °Brix syrup solution. Total antioxidant (TA) and total phenolic content (TPC) of the pear flesh and peels were evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assays. Thermal processing destroyed chlorophylls on pear peels, in which pheophytins were found to be the major degraded compounds while an insignificant amount of pyropheophytins was also formed. In zinc blanched peels, Zn pheophytins a was the dominant green compound, and its amount increased about 100% and 144.4% in peels blanched in 1300 ppm zinc solution for 6 and 12 min, respectively. When blanching peels in 2600 ppm zinc solution for 6 and 12 min, the pigment increased about 118% and 242%, respectively. Significant reductions in TA and TPC were found on the peels of zinc treated pears, but the overall TA and TPC of whole fruits were not significantly affected by the treatments.     

橘皮黄色素提取工艺研究

为了开发利用橘皮资源 ,增加天然食用色素品种 ,以橘皮为原料 ,采用对比分析 ,正交试验和数理统计等方法 ,对橘皮黄色素的提取条件进行了系统的研究。结果表明 ,提取的最佳工艺条件是 :以pH值为 5 .0的体积分数 99.7%的无水乙醇为浸提剂 ,按每克橘皮粉加浸提剂 8mL的比例投料 ,在温度 65℃下浸提时间为 5h。     

Determination of steroidal saponins in different organs of yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto)

Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are perennial trailing rhizome plants. Steroidal saponins, furostanol and spirostanol glycosides are the marked functional compounds in yams. In this investigation, a C18 solid phase extraction method was developed for yam saponins purification. The contents of saponins in various organs of yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto) were also determined. Results showed that the recoveries of yam saponins extracted by the developed method were about 99.48–100.08% when the saponins (each saponin weighed 0.20, 0.50 and 1.00 mg) passing through the C18 cartridge. The extractive method could efficiently reduce the interferences from impurities in yam saponin extracts prior to HPLC analysis. The recoveries of added saponins in different yam organs were 98.34–99.92% for tuber flesh, 95.98–98.89% for tuber cortex, 97.89–99.44% for rhizophor, 93.82–98.01% for leaf and 93.87–97.65% for vine, respectively. The yam tuber cortex had the highest amount of saponins (582.53 μg/g dw), which was higher than that existed in the tuber flesh (227.86 μg/g dw) about 2.55 times. The contents of saponins in the rhizophor, leaf and vine of yam were 29.39, 24.41 and 23.96 μg/g dw, respectively.     

玉米黄色素提取工艺及其助提条件的研究

对玉米黄色素的相关提取因素进行了系统研究,试验结果表明,玉米黄色素的最大吸收波长为446nm,无水乙醇对玉米黄色素的提取效果最佳;采用正交试验确定的最佳浸提工艺条件为:提取液的pH值7.0、提取料液比1∶7、提取温度60℃、浸提时间5h。在以上提取条件的基础上,以预浸、超声破碎提取作为辅助提取条件,提取效果更好。     

野菊花黄色素提取工艺研究

对野菊花黄色素的提取条件进行了系统的研究。结果表明 ,提取的最佳工艺条件是 :以pH值为 5 0的体积分数 99 7%的无水乙醇为浸提剂 ,按每克野菊花粉加浸提剂 10mL的比例投料 ,在温度 60℃下 ,浸提时间为 5h     

Pressurised water extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peels

Pomegranate peels are one of the most valuable by-products of the food industry in terms of polyphenols which are conventionally extracted from plant materials by organic solvents, especially with methanol. Pressurised water extraction was investigated for the extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peels. The most important factors affecting the extraction results were found to be particle size, temperature, and static time. The results indicated that pressurised water extraction was as effective as conventional methanol extraction for the recovery of polyphenols from pomegranate peels. Total phenolic contents of pomegranate peels obtained by pressurised water extraction at optimised conditions and conventional solid–liquid methanol extraction were determined as 264.3 and 258.2 mg/g tannic acid equivalents, respectively. Hydrolyzable tannins were the predominant polyphenols of pomegranate peels corresponding to 262.7 mg/g tannic acid equivalents. Punicalagin content of pomegranate peels by pressurised water extraction was found to be 116.6 mg/g on dry matter basis.     

橘皮中色素的提取与精制

先用微波协同浸提橘皮中色素,再从滤渣中浸提果胶,后利用超声波辅助浸提橙皮苷。研究原料破碎度、液料比、微波功率、辐射时间、浸提级数等因素对色素吸光度和浸提率的影响,得到适宜的工艺条件3,级浸提率达17.5%;考察了AB-8大孔树脂吸附精制对色素色价的影响,精制后色价从70.57升为164.29。分析测试表明产品合格。     

柑橘皮中川陈皮素超声提取工艺及含量分析

以甲醇为提取溶剂,采用超声波提取柑橘皮中川陈皮素,并用高效液相色谱进行分析,结合单因素和正交实验对超声波提取柑橘皮中川陈皮素的提取工艺进行优化,探讨不同因素对柑橘皮中川陈皮素提取含量的影响。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:90%甲醇、料液比1∶50(W/V)、提取温度50℃、提取时间60min。用优化后的提取条件进行加标回收实验,回收率为90.5%,并用于几样柑橘皮中川陈皮素含量测定。结果表明,精品橙皮中川陈皮素的含量最高。