硼对钒钛磁铁矿烧结微观结构的影响

为研究硼的含量对钒钛磁铁烧结矿微观结构的影响,利用XRD和扫描电镜对实验样品进行观察,发现添加适量的硼能够对钒钛烧结矿中硅酸盐的生成起抑制作用,并改善钒钛磁铁烧结矿表面结构,提高烧结矿液相生成能力、固相固结性能、抗粉化性同时降低孔隙率。当烧结矿中硼含量达到1.5%~2.5%时实验效果最佳。     

Effect of diboron trioxide on the crushing strength and smelting mechanism of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite pellets

The effect of diboron trioxide (B₂O₃) on the crushing strength and smelting mechanism of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite pellets was investigated in this work. The main characterization methods were X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, mercury injection porosimetry, X-ray diffraction, metallographic microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the crushing strength increased greatly with increasing B₂O₃ content and that the increase in crushing strength was strongly correlated with a decrease in porosity, the formation of liquid phases, and the growth and recrystallization consolidation of hematite crystalline grains. The smelting properties were measured under simulated blast furnace conditions; the results showed that the smelting properties within a certain B₂O₃ content range were improved and optimized except in the softening stage. The valuable element B was easily transformed to the slag, and this phenomenon became increasingly evident with increasing B₂O₃ content. The formation of Ti(C,N) was mostly avoided, and the slag and melted iron were separated well during smelting with the addition of B₂O₃. The size increase of the melted iron was consistent with the gradual optimization of the dripping characteristics with increasing B₂O₃ content.     

Optimized use of MgO flux in the agglomeration of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite

The optimized use of MgO flux in the agglomeration of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite was investigated systematically through sinter and pellet experiments. MgO was added in the form of magnesite. When the content of MgO in the sinter was increased from 1.95wt% to 2.63wt%, the low-temperature reduction degradation index increased from 80.57% to 82.71%. When the content of MgO in the pellet was increased from 1.14wt% to 2.40wt%, the reduction swelling index decreased from 15.2% to 8.6%; however, the compressive strength of the oxidized pellet decreased dramatically and it was 1985 N with an MgO content of 1.14wt%. This compressive strength does not satisfy the requirements for blast-furnace production. When all of the aforementioned results were taken into account, the sinter with a high MgO content (2.63wt%) matching the pellet with a low MgO content (less than 1.14wt%) was the rational burden structure for smelting high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite in blast furnaces.     

Application of a water cooling treatment and its effect on coal-based reduction of high-chromium vanadium and titanium iron ore

A water cooling treatment was applied in the coal-based reduction of high-chromium vanadium and titanium (V–Ti–Cr) iron ore from the Hongge region of Panzhihua, China. Its effects on the metallization ratio (η), S removal ratio (R_S), and P removal ratio (R_P) were studied and analyzed on the basis of chemical composition determined via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The metallic iron particle size and the element distribution of Fe, V, Cr, and Ti in a reduced briquette after water cooling treatment at 1350°C were determined and observed via scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the water cooling treatment improved the η, R_S, and R_P in the coal-based reduction of V–Ti–Cr iron ore compared to those obtained with a furnace cooling treatment. Meanwhile, the particle size of metallic iron obtained via the water cooling treatment was smaller than that of metallic iron obtained via the furnace cooling treatment; however, the particle size reached 70 μm at 1350°C, which is substantially larger than the minimum particle size required (20 μm) for magnetic separation. Therefore, the water cooling treatment described in this work is a good method for improving the quality of metallic iron in coal-based reduction and it could be applied in the coal-based reduction of V–Ti–Cr iron ore followed by magnetic separation.     

二元碱度对印尼钒钛矿烧结过程及烧结矿质量的影响

以典型钢铁企业矿石资源为基础,进行不同碱度条件下配加印尼钒钛矿的烧结试验,考察了二元碱度(R=m(Ca O)/m(Si O2))对该矿烧结过程及烧结矿质量的影响.研究表明:当碱度R由1.4逐渐增至2.3时,烧结有效利用系数由1.63 t/(m2·h)降至1.44 t/(m2·h),烧结矿成品率由78.5%降至75.3%;同时,垂直烧结速度有所上升;烧结矿中w(Fe O)不断下降;转鼓指数先下降而后逐渐回升,并在R=1.7时出现最小值.随着碱度的逐渐增加,低温还原粉化性能和还原性逐渐改善,这有利于高炉上部透气性的改善和间接还原的发展.     

钒钛磁铁矿提钒新工艺研究

中国对钒钛磁铁矿中钒的利用仍然存在着诸多难题,特别是对于低品位的矿石,传统的高炉-转炉工艺更加难以实现对钒的高效提取利用。针对其钒钛磁铁矿的利用问题,开展了新工艺的探索,通过竖炉煤基还原-电炉熔分工艺进行铁钒分离,从而实现钒资源的综合高效利用。实验结果表明,最佳工艺参数为1 050℃条件下竖炉煤基还原11.5h,海绵铁的金属化率为93%,钒的还原率能够控制在3.5%以下;还原过程中加入3%的硼砂添加剂可以明显改善海绵铁的金属化率,使其提高到98.16%;样品中心部位铁的还原程度要优于边缘部位。     

钒钛铁精矿内配碳球团高温快速直接还原历程

采用高温实验炉,在1 350℃,氮气保护气氛条件下对钒钛磁铁精矿内配碳球团进行了阶段还原试验,通过TG-DSC、XRD、SEM等检测方法对不同时间内配碳球团还原的组织成分、显微结构等进行研究。结果表明,钒钛铁精矿的还原历程依次为Fe2TiO4和Fe3O4、3(Fe3O4).Fe2TiO4、Fe3O4.Fe2TiO4、Fe2TiO4和FeO、Fe和FeTi2O5;在磁铁矿大量还原生成浮士体的阶段,钛铁矿与新生成的浮士体发生钛铁晶石化,最终还原转变为单质铁和含铁黑钛石。     

高铬型钒钛磁铁矿烧结试验

在高铬型钒钛磁铁矿基础特性研究的基础上,进行了配矿优化和烧结杯试验,并对烧结产物进行显微分析.结果表明,该矿烧结基本特性差,随着配比的提高,垂直烧结速度和产品转鼓指数下降,成品率和利用系数先升后降.另外,显微结构分析表明,高铬型钒钛烧结矿矿物组成主要有磁铁矿、赤铁矿、钙钛矿、铁酸钙、硅酸二钙和玻璃质.随着该矿配比的提高,烧结矿中铁酸钙、硅酸二钙含量降低,钙钛矿及玻璃相含量增加,液相量不足.因此,在实际生产中,该矿配比宜控制在10%~20%之间.     

基础特性对含铬型钒钛烧结矿粉化性能的影响

承德地区含铬型钒钛烧结矿的黏结相不充分、强度差、低温还原粉化指数低,严重影响烧结矿的质量.研究了4种不同成分的含铬型钒钛磁铁精矿粉的烧结基础特性:连晶强度、黏结相强度、液相流动性、同化温度,并与4种铁精矿粉的单烧实验结果进行比较分析,探究含铬型钒钛磁铁精矿粉基础特性对烧结矿低温还原粉化指数RDI+3.15的影响规律.结果表明:含铬型钒钛磁铁烧结矿的RDI+3.15随铁精矿粉同化温度的上升而降低,随黏结相强度的上升而升高,液相流动性和连晶强度对其影响很小.     

钒钛磁铁精矿分流制粒烧结中碱度的影响

分流制粒烧结是一种新的烧结工艺,即将铁精矿分别制成高碱度物料和酸性球,再混入燃料和返矿进行烧结的方法.针对碱度进行了实验室研究,以确定新的工艺参数.结果表明:碱度较低时,烧结矿黏结相以硅酸二钙和玻璃质为主,烧结矿质量较好;随着碱度升高,钙钛矿含量增加,对烧结矿冶金性能破坏性很大.TiO2完全生成钙钛矿后,碱度达到2.02时,铁酸钙含量增加很多,烧结矿液相遮盖了球团矿,烧结矿产量提高,冶金性能得到改善.     

细磨海砂矿烧结特性及其对烧结矿质量影响机理

通过细磨海砂矿研究其粒级分布、微观结构和烧结高温特性的变化,结合烧结杯试验、扫描电镜能谱分析等研究方法考察海砂矿粒级分布对烧结矿质量的作用机理.经细磨后海砂矿颗粒不规则程度增大,制粒性能得到改善.随着海砂矿粒度变细,其烧结高温特性呈现出与普通铁矿粉相反规律,其中海砂矿3(细磨25 min的海砂矿)与海砂矿1(未经细磨的海砂矿)相比,同化温度升高21℃,1280℃时液相流动性指数减小0.35,细磨后海砂矿与CaO反应生成钙钛矿增多,阻碍同化反应进行,生成的液相黏度增大.配加8%海砂矿3的烧结矿与配加相同比例海砂矿1相比,还原性提高3.8%,细磨后海砂矿在混合料中分布更加均匀,造成烧结矿中含钛物相质点增多,还原中产生众多微细裂纹,利于还原气体扩散.     

钒钛磁铁矿熔态还原速度多峰特性机理

在实验室内研究了钒钛磁铁矿在铁浴式熔态还原过程中还原速度变化的多峰特性机理，分析了钒钛磁铁矿的结构和熔态渣相结构的变化规律，钒钛磁铁矿熔态还原过程的动力学特征及影响因素。     

催化裂化三旋催化剂细粉烧结及结垢机制

为研究催化裂化烟气轮机结垢的形成过程,选择催化裂化装置三旋细粉作为对象,采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和同步热分析等技术,考察三旋细粉经不同温度处理后样品的晶相结构、表面形貌、差热曲线、孔结构和骨架密度等。通过对比不同温度样品的物理化学变化规律,提出催化剂细粉的结垢机制。结果表明,结垢过程是催化剂细粉的液相烧结形成致密固相的过程。     

CaO--TiO2--Fe2O3三元系中Ca3TiFe2O8的生成机理

钒钛磁铁矿是烧结矿重要的原料之一,Ca3TiFe2O8作为钒钛烧结矿中矿物被发现之后,其生成机理尚不明确.本文采用X射线衍射分析、元素能谱分析和TG--DSC分析相结合的方法,研究了Ca3TiFe2O8的生成机理以及不同温度、CaO与TiO2含量下Ca3TiFe2O8的生成规律.实验结果表明,Ca3TiFe2O8由Ca2Fe2O5和CaTiO3反应生成,即CaO和Fe2O3反应生成Ca2Fe2O5;其后,与CaTiO3反应生成Ca3TiFe2O8.反应时间越长,Ca3TiFe2O8的生成量越大,但反应温度对Ca3TiFe2O8生成的影响并不明显.另外,还发现 CaO含量越高,Ca3TiFe2O8越易于生成,而且等摩尔 Fe2O3和 CaO下只要存在 TiO2,就会有Ca3TiFe2O8生成.     

DMF铁矿粉在含铬型钒钛混合料烧结中的应用

对一种低品位廉价赤铁粉(DMF粉)配加在含铬型钒钛混合料中烧结的可行性进行了研究.通过微型烧结装置和熔点测定仪对DMF粉的液相流动性和溶化特性进行了分析.结果表明,DMF粉液相流动性好,液相开始生成温度ts及有效液相终止温度tf较低,溶化区间t较宽,溶化时间τm充分,安全液相量的生成速度较小(0.125 mm/min),可弥补含铬型钒钛烧结矿液相量的不足,实现优化配矿.烧结杯实验结果表明,配加10%DMF粉的含铬型钒钛烧结矿各项指标均较好,且有利于高炉的稳定顺行.     

硼铁矿应用于高铬型钒钛矿烧结优化的实验研究

实验室条件下,研究了硼铁矿对高铬型钒钛矿烧结工艺及冶金性能的影响.研究表明:随着硼铁矿质量配比的升高,垂直烧结速度、成品率、转鼓指数、烧结杯利用系数、综合指标及低温还原粉化性能均呈先升高后降低的趋势,在硼铁矿质量配比为5.0%时,以上各指数均达到最高值,分别为28.84 mm·min-1,86.02%,61.2%,1.919 t·(m2·h)-1,363及90.76%,均优于未配加硼铁矿时的烧结矿性能.因此,烧结矿性能得以优化,可以为高炉冶炼提供更为优质的高铬型钒钛烧结矿.     

铬铁精矿球团烧结工艺与机理

对铬铁精矿球团烧结新工艺以及球团烧结矿冶金性能和固结机理进行研究。研究结果表明:铬铁精矿粒度粗,成球差,必须经过球磨机细磨,使其比表面积达到1 700 cm2/g,才具有良好的成球性;在膨润土配比为1.5%(质量分数)、造球水分为9.0%(质量分数)、造球时间为12 min的条件下,生球落下强度5次/(0.5 m),抗压强度11 N/个,爆裂温度480℃。优化的球团烧结工艺参数为:焦粉用量7%(质量分数)(内配比例30%),烧结混合料水分为9.5%,料层高度为650 mm,干燥温度为300～350℃,干燥负压为4 kPa,干燥时间为3 min,点火温度为1 100℃,点火负压为5 kPa,点火时间为1.5 min,烧结负压为8 kPa,取得了良好的指标:烧结矿产量为3.01 t/(m2.h),转鼓强度为89.33%,固体燃耗为79.19 kg/t。铬铁精矿球团烧结矿在900℃时很难还原,但还原膨胀率只有5%～6%,还原粉化率RDI+3.15大于94%,还原过程将具有较好的强度;在烧结料层的中上部,烧结矿的宏观结构以单个散状球团为主;在烧结料层下部以葡萄状烧结矿为主。铬铁精矿球团烧结矿矿物组成以铁铬尖晶石和硅酸盐矿物为主,单颗粒的球状烧结矿以固相固结为主,葡萄状烧结矿中液相量占30%左右,由固相固结和液相黏结共同维持烧结矿强度。     

Reduction behavior and kinetics of vanadium-titanium sinters under high potential oxygen enriched pulverized coal injection

In this work, the reduction behavior of vanadium-titanium sinters was studied under five different sets of conditions of pulverized coal injection with oxygen enrichment. The modified random pore model was established to analyze the reduction kinetics. The results show that the reduction rate of sinters was accelerated by an increase of CO and H₂ contents. Meanwhile, with the increase in CO and H₂ contents, the increasing range of the medium reduction index (MRE) of sinters decreased. The increasing oxygen enrichment ratio played a diminishing role in improving the reduction behavior of the sinters. The reducing process kinetic parameters were solved using the modified random role model. The results indicated that, with increasing oxygen enrichment, the contents of CO and H₂ in the reducing gas increased. The reduction activation energy of the sinters decreased to between 20.4 and 23.2 kJ/mol.     

朝阳钒钛磁铁矿工艺矿物学研究

采用传统工艺矿物学研究方法,结合光学显微镜、X射线衍射、化学分析等分析手段,对朝阳地区钒钛磁铁矿石的化学组成、元素赋存状态、矿物组成、矿物间的嵌布关系及粒度分布进行了详细研究.结果显示:该铁矿石中铁矿物主要为磁铁矿、钛磁铁矿和钒磁铁矿,长石是最主要的脉石矿物.矿石中主要矿物嵌布关系复杂,磁铁矿与钛磁铁矿颗粒结合紧密,大多结合成连生体,不利于铁矿物与钛矿物之间单体解离;主要矿物嵌布粒度粗细不均,磁铁矿嵌布粒度相对较粗,钛磁铁矿和钒磁铁矿嵌布粒度相对较细.该研究为该地区钒钛磁铁矿资源的合理开发利用提供了依据.