基于ARM和CAN总线的汽车仪表设计

讨论了汽车仪表研发的系统设计思想与实现过程,提出了在嵌入式WINCE平台上用液晶显示屏显示车载信息的方法.该系统通过CAN总线接口提取车速、里程、发动机转速、燃油量、冷却水温度等各种数字量和模拟量,经ARM微处理器分析计算,通过TFT液晶屏显示出来.     

航空仪表发展现状与分类简介

航空仪表是一种集传感器、转换部分、显示器为一体的航空飞行仪表，对飞机的飞行姿态、导航信息、发动机状态、系统状态进行测量和指示，为驾驶员提供必要的飞机状态信息，是飞机构造中不可或缺的部分。介绍了航空仪表的3个主要发展阶段，并以美国F-15战斗机座舱显示仪表发展为例进行了对比分析。从原理和功能出发，概述了航空仪表的主要分类方式，并以电子综合显示仪表为例，介绍了航空仪表的主要显示内容。对未来航空仪表发展趋势进行了展望，讨论了未来航空仪表发展方向。     

基于IEC61131-3的可视化虚拟仪表平台的设计

文中介绍了基于IEC61131—3可视化虚拟仪表平台的系统结构和运行机理，从控制策略编制系统和图形化仪表面板两个核心方面对虚拟仪表平台展开设计，利用组件技术和基于XML的结构化配置方法对功能块虚拟仪表的实例、参数、显示组件、虚拟仪表盘和用户权限进行配置。实践表明：这种灵活的设计方式很好地满足了虚拟仪表平台的分布式和模块化设计要求。     

基于WinCE的警车智能仪表控制器的设计

汽车仪表是汽车与驾驶员进行信息交流的窗口,也是汽车高精尖技术的主要部分。近年来,基于嵌入式操作系统的车载仪表的开发日益得到人们的重视。针对公安部门行业,文章设计了一款基于嵌入式微控制器和嵌入式操作系统的车载智能仪表控制器,能方便地实行对多个车载电子设备的控制。该系统由相辅相成的软、硬件平台构成。     

基于虚拟仪器技术的步进电机式汽车仪表的设计

运用虚拟仪器技术思想并采用控制系统快速原型的理念设计出一套新颖的步进电机式汽车仪表系统.基于LabVIEW和CompactRIO控制器核心系统平台进行软硬件开发.系统具备良好的人机交互界面,具有控制、监控仪表运行的功能,达到了良好的控制要求.应用虚拟仪器技术比传统的基于单片机的设计方式有很大的优越性,系统还可作为汽车仪表控制策略及新功能的研发测试平台.     

汽车电子仪表的故障与维修

当下时代,科技发展日新月异,电子产品技术运用覆盖面广。新一代汽车升级运用了更高级的电子技术,可以更准确、全面地为驾驶者服务。汽车的电子仪表就是高新技术运用到汽车行业领域的一大重要表现,通过电子微机处理器控制的改进升级,拓展了电子仪表的功能,增强了与驾驶人的车辆状态信息的交互性,使驾驶者通过视觉和听觉对车外的各种信息及时了解掌握,同时对内部的动力系统、制动系统、检测系统情况进行显示。电子仪表是十分精密的设备,如果需要检测与维修的话,要充分了解维修手册和它的工作原理。在充分掌握其结构功能的情况下,故障排查与维修才会更加顺利。     

MC9S12DP256 单片机在混合动力车辆仪表系统中的应用

在混合动力车辆仪表系统中,以MC9S12DP256为核心处理单元,采用嵌入式技术、虚拟仪表技术,综合分析、处理、显示各种车况信息,上位机将获得的车况信息处理后,将发动机转速、里程、油量、水温等信息通过传统指针仪表显示,将混合动力车辆的特性用液晶显示器进行综合显示.以该控制器为核心设计的汽车仪表系统,简化了开发过程,提高了系统的实时性,内容丰富,可视性强.     

车载触摸控制的人机交互系统

随着电子设备在车辆中大量应用,监测信息与控制按键也不断增多,现有车载中控平台已难以满足功能需求。因此,设计了一种触控人机交互系统,采用ARM作为处理器,通过移植Linux内核与Qt/E对系统加以实现。该系统可通过触控界面实现车载CAN网络中各设备的控制,并实时显示车辆状态信息,经测试,运行稳定、可靠,达到了设计要求。     

智能车载系统的发展与SmartVM的应用

随着汽车工业技术的不断发展,车载系统从简单的车载收音机发展到现在的具有导航、通信、娱乐等复杂功能的智能车载系统.车载系统的智能化发展对操作系统平台提出了越来越高的要求,QNX、Windows CE和Android逐渐成为普遍采用的操作系统平台.车载操作系统平台的发展与应用推动着车载系统不断向网络化、智能化和信息与控制融合的方向发展.通过对车载平台发展现状的分析与研究,提出了基于L4的智能车载软件平台架构SmartVM,采用微内核技术,支持多个操作系统在同一车载硬件平台上运行,实现了车载信息系统与汽车智能控制的融合,为汽车智能化发展提供了有效的手段.     

燃气仪表设计的系统需求分析和功能开发建议

燃气仪表系统是支撑燃气仪表运作并实现燃气仪表预期功能的平台。鉴于此,在分析燃气仪表设计系统需求的基础上,深入研讨其功能开发方法,并提出了一些建议。     

Double labeling of antibodies with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and horseradish peroxidase (HPOD)

This paper presents a method for labeling antibodies with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and additional with horseradish peroxidase (HPOD). With this double labelled antisera the fluorescence-serologic antibody technique (FAT) as well as the enzyme-serologic antibody technique (EAT) was done bit by bit for the same object. How the presented pictures demonstrate the result of both techniques, FAT and EAT, are the same with the described method. So, it is possible after fluorescence-microscopical exploitation through a following histochemical proof of the HPOD to get permanent preparations with the same biological result.     

Cathodoluminescence study of semiconductor oxide micro- and nanostructures grown by vapor deposition

Nano- and microstructures of SnO(2), In(2)O(3) and ZnO have been grown during thermal treatment of compacted powders under argon flow. Indium-doped SnO(2) tube-shaped structures with rectangular cross-section are obtained by adding a fraction of In(2)O(3) to the starting SnO(2) powder. In-rich nanoislands were found to grow on some edges of the tubes. ZnO nanostructures doped with Sn or Eu were grown by adding SnO(2) and Eu(2)O(3) powder, respectively, to the ZnO precursor powder. All the samples have been characterized by the emissive and cathodoluminescence (CL) modes of scanning electron microscopy. CL images from SnO(2):In and In(2)O(3):Sn tubes and islands show a higher emission from the Sn-rich structures related to oxygen deficiency. CL of doped ZnO enables to detect the presence of dopant in specific regions or structures. CL appears to be a useful technique to study optical and electronic properties of semiconductor oxide nanostructures.     

二维层状Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合材料的制备及其摩擦学性能研究

采用水热反应制备出β-Ni(OH)2,然后通过水热还原得到Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合粉体材料,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的相结构、成分及形貌进行表征分析。采用四球摩擦磨损试验机评价制备的Ni/β-Ni(OH)2作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能,基础油为PAO6。摩擦试验后,采用SEM分析典型试验钢球磨斑的表面形貌,利用能谱仪(EDS)研究磨斑表面化学元素的组成,探讨Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合润滑添加剂的减摩抗磨机制。结果表明:Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合材料作为润滑添加剂具有极好的减摩抗磨性能,显著优于基础油PAO6和未负载纳米Ni的二维β-Ni(OH)2层状材料;与基础油相比,添加0.1%质量分数Ni/β-Ni(OH)2添加剂的油样的摩擦因数和磨斑直径分别降低了17.6%和41.5%;Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合粉体综合了纳米Ni及层状β-Ni(OH)2两部分结构特性,在摩擦过程中,复合材料中的纳米金属粒子Ni与层状结构材料β-Ni(OH)2能够相互增强起到协同润滑作用。     

Application of optical emission spectroscopy for He I considering the spatial structure of radiation trapping in MAP-II divertor simulator

The He I optical emission spectroscopy that considers the spatial structure of radiation trapping was proposed by us and was applied to a MAP-II divertor simulator. The spatial distribution of the optical escape factor was calculated from the n (1)P (n≥3) state profiles measured by visible spectroscopy. The profile of 2 (1)P, which is immeasurable by visible spectroscopy, needs to be broader than that of the 3 (1)P state. The sensitivity of the 2 (1)P profile to the T(e) value estimated by He I spectroscopy is investigated.     

沱茶中茶多酚的分析与鉴定

用索氏提取器以三氯甲烷为萃取剂,在95 ℃下从沱茶中提取茶多酚。用旋转蒸发器将滤液浓缩,有机相中加入三氯甲烷(V(三氯甲烷):V(浓缩液)=3:1)将咖啡因萃取分离、去除。水相中加入乙酸乙脂(V(乙酸乙酯):V(水)=3:1)将沱茶提取物萃取分离。以硅胶G作填充剂,以乙酸乙酯(V(乙酸乙酯):V(乙醚)=4:1)为洗脱剂进行柱层析。用傅里立变换-红外光谱法(FT/IR)测定沱茶提取物待测组分的红外光谱图,提供官能团的有关信息。确定待测组分的可能结构;应用气相色谱-质谱法(GC/MS)对其进行分析与鉴定,由电子电离源质谱(EI/MS)获得待测组分的质谱图和相关数据,进而对子离子裂解途径和特征离子进行辅助解析,确证待测组分为茶多酚。为开发利用沱茶提供了科学依据。     

小茴香中挥发油组分的微波辅助提取

A new method, non-polar solvent microwave-assisted extraction (NPSMAE)，was applied to extraction of essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare Mill.. By adding microwave absorption medium (carbonyl iron powders) into extraction system, the non- polar solvent (ether) was heated by CIP and the essential oil was obtained at high pressure. The constituents of essential oil obtained by NPSMAE was compared with that obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) by GC/MS analysis. The main volatile constituents in extracts obtained by different methods were similar, which indicated that NPSMAE was a feasible way to extract essential oil from dried plant materials. The NPSMAE took much less extraction time (5 min) than HD (180 min).     

Fabrication of functional poly(thiophene) electrode for biosensors

Three-type polymer electrodes such as poly(Th), poly(Th-AP) and poly(Th-AP-TAA) were fabricated, respectively, by electro-oxidative polymerization of thiophene (Th), mixture of Th and 2-aminophenol (AP), and mixture of Th, AP and 3-thiopheneacetic acid (TAA) on the surface of indium tin oxide (ITO) glass by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The polymer electrodes were electrodeposited by cycling the potential between -1.0 and +2.5V in acetonitrile containing 50mM tetrabutylammoniumhexafluorophosphate (TBAF(6)P). The surface morphology of polymer electrodes was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. The surface morphology of the poly(Th) showed typical roughness and fractal-like growth patterns, and the morphologies of poly(Th-AP) and poly(Th-AP-TAA) were dramatically changed. The water contact angle at the poly(Th-AP-TAA) (23 degrees ) is lower in comparison to poly(Th) (47 degrees ). The functional groups (-OH) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) group play an important role. Horseradish peroxidase was loaded onto poly(Th-AP-TAA) surface and used to test the sensing of H(2)O(2).     

Accurate length determination of DNA molecules visualized by atomic force microscopy: evidence for a partial B- to A-form transition on mica

Achieving the most correct estimate of the contour length of digitized DNA molecules is a key aspect of the microscopic analysis of nucleic acids by either electron microscopy (EM) or atomic force microscopy (AFM). Six different methods, that are mathematically not too complex and suited for common, practical use, have been tested here using simulated polymers in two dimensions and real DNA molecules (564, 1054, 2049 and 4297 bp long) imaged in air by AFM. The main result is that the frequently used Freeman estimator (L(F) = n(e) + square root 2n(o)) overestimates the real contour length of the polymers by about 4%. More accurate estimates are obtained with the Kulpa estimator (L(K) = 0.948n(e) + 1.343n(o)) or with the corner count estimator (L(C) = 0.980)n(e) + 1.406n(o) - 0.091n(c)). In the range of the DNA sizes and magnifications we have considered, however, the best results are obtained with an ad hoc developed routine that smoothes the DNA trace by a polynomial fitting of degree 3 over a moving window of 5 points. Under these conditions, the difference between the measured and the real contour length of the molecules is less than 0.4%. The accuracy of this procedure allowed us to reveal a discrete, size-dependent, shortening of DNA molecules deposited onto mica under low salt conditions and imaged in air by AFM. Awareness of this structural alteration, that can be attributed to a partial transition from B- to A-form DNA, may lead to a more correct interpretation of DNA molecules or protein-DNA complexes imaged by AFM.     

Feature extraction for identification of drug and explosive concealed by body packing based on positive matrix factorization

In the analysis towards the energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) spectra of drug and explosive concealed by body packing, positive matrix factorization (PMF) was introduced to extract features from EDXRD spectra of samples in a set of drugs and explosive concealed in the anthropomorphic phantom, because PMF prevents the negative factors from occurring, avoids contradicting physical reality, and makes factors more easily interpretable. In order to compare with the features extracted by PMF, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and robust PCA were investigated. Then, K-nearest neighbour (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) were introduced to classify the samples according to the features extracted by PMF, PCA and robust PCA. It is shown that the recognition rates obtained by PMF are highest (above 99.5%) and insensitive to classifiers. This work demonstrates that PMF is effective in feature extraction for identification of drug and explosive concealed by body packing.     

Cryo-X-ray analysis-A novel tool to better understand the physicochemical reactions at the bioglass/biological fluid interface

The present study deals with the short-term physicochemical reactions at the interface between bioactive glass particles [55SiO(2)-20CaO-9P(2)O(5)-12Na(2)O-4MgO. mol%] and biological fluid (Dulbecco Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM)). The physicochemical reactions within the interface are characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (STEM) associated with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). Microanalysis of diffusible ions such as sodium, potassium, or oxygen requires a special care. In the present investigation the cryo-technique was adopted as a suitable tool for the specimen preparation and characterization. Cryosectioning is essential for preserving the native distribution of ions so that meaningful information about the local concentrations can be obtained by elemental microanalysis. The bioglass particles immersed in biological fluid for 24 h revealed five reaction stages: (i) dealkalization of the surface by cationic exchange (Na(+), Ca(2+) with H(+) or H(3)O(+)); (ii) loss of soluble silica in the form of Si(OH)(4) to the solution resulting from the breakdown of Si--O--Si bonds (iii); repolymerization of Si(OH)(4) leading to condensation of SiO(2)); (iv) migration of Ca(2+) and PO(4) (3-) to the surface through the SiO(2)-rich layer to form CaO-P(2)O(5) film; (v) crystallization of the amorphous CaO-P(2)O(5) by incorporating OH-- or CO(3) (2-) anions with the formation of three different surface layers on the bioactive glass periphery. The thickness of each layer is approximately 300 nm and from the inner part to the periphery they consist of Si--OH, which permits the diffusion of Ca(2+) and PO(4) (3-) ions and the formation of the middle Ca--P layer, and finally the outer layer composed of Na--O, which acts as an ion exchange layer between Na(+) ions and H(+) or H(3)O(+) from the solution.