FROM MANUFACTURING SCHEDULING TO SUPPLY CHAIN COORDINATION：THE CONTROL OF COMPLEXITY AND UNCERTAINTY

With time-based competition and rapid technology advancements, effective manufacturingscheduling and supply chain coordination are critical to quickly respond to changing marketconditions. These problems, however, are difficult in view of inherent complexity and variousuncertainties involved. Based on a series of results by the authors, decomposition and coordination byusing Lagrangian relaxation is identified in this paper as an effective way to control complexity anduncertainty.A manufacturing scheduling problem is first formulated within the job shop context withuncertain order arrivals, processing times, due dates, and part priorities as a separable optimizationproblem. A solution methodology that combines Lagrangian relaxation, stochastic dynamicprogramming, and heuristics is developed. Method improvements to effectively solve large problemsare also highlighted. To extend manufacturing scheduling within a factory to coordinate autonomicmembers across chains of suppliers, a decentralized supply chai     

A REVIEW OF ENTERPRISE SUPPLY CHAIN RISK MANAGEMENT

This paper reviews enterprise risk management practices in the context of supply chains. Starting with the importance of managing supply chain risks, the paper established the benefits of managing risks using an enterprise-wise integrated approach. The rest of the paper then presents a practical framework for enterprises to manage risks in their extended supply chains.     

AN ALGORITHM FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY IN A TWO-LEVEL SUPPLY CHAIN WITH TRANSPORTATION COSTS： COMPARISON OF DECENTRALIZED WITH CENTRALIZED DECISION

This paper considers a two-level supply chain consisting of one warehouse and one retailer. In this model we determine the optimal ordering policy according to inventory and transportation costs. We assume that the demand rate by the retailer is known. Shortages are allowed neither at the retailer nor at the warehouse. We study this model in two cases; decentralized and centralized. In the decentralized case the retailer and the warehouse independently minimize their own costs; while in the centralized case the warehouse and the retailer are considered as a whole firm. We propose an algorithm to find economic order quantifies for both the retailer and the warehouse which minimize the total system cost in the centralized case. The total system cost contains the holding and ordering costs at the retailer and the warehouse as well as the transportation cost from the warehouse to the retailer. The application of this model into the pharmaceutical downstream supply chain of a public hospital allows obtaining significant savings. By numerical examples, the costs are computed in MATLAB to compare the costs in the centralized case with decentralized one and to propose a saving-sharing mechanism through quantity discount.     

零售商开通二手市场对供应链成员收益的影响

以大学校园中的旧书市场为研究背景,基于耐用品二手市场的存在与不存在两种情况,研究了耐用品二手市场的存在对供应链成员决策的影响.通过构建包含单一制造商和单一零售商的两周期供应链模型,得出两种情况下供应链成员的最优决策值,并且通过比较两种情况下制造商和零售商的最大利润值,得出二手市场存在的必要条件.结果表明,当旧产品的回收成本较小时,零售商开通二手市场对其自身及制造商都有利;当旧产品的回收成本较大时,零售商开通二手市场对自身有利而对制造商不利.最后,通过数值仿真,分析了消费者对旧产品的接受度及旧产品的回收率对供应链成员决策的影响.     

供应能力制约下的VMI策略及其信息价值研究

研究了供应商存在能力制约下,实施供应链信息共享的策略及其信息价值的问题.建立一个1供应商N零售商的两级供应链,通过扩展的“报童问题”,研究在供应商存在能力限制时的供应链运作情况;证明了供应能力的波动将导致系统成员进行短缺博弈,从而引起供应链系统费用的增加和效率的降低;提出实施信息共享策略,建立供应商管理库存模式(VMI),并建立相应的数学模型,求得问题的“纳什均衡”,证明信息共享与合作可以改善供应链系统,降低运作成本.进一步的数值分析表明,在供应能力(服务水平)为35%到90%之间时,VMI策略可以带来显著效益,最高可以节省28.7%的系统费用;在能力趋于严重不足和能力充裕两种情况下,信息价值将递减,并最后趋于0.     

市场细分下考虑消费者支付意愿差异的闭环供应链定价决策

在买方市场背景下,从消费者角度出发研究闭环供应链定价决策问题,分析消费者市场变化对定价决策的影响,能够为企业及时应对市场变化提供指导,以及完善闭环供应链定价决策研究.本文考虑普通消费者和绿色消费者对新产品、再制造品和二手品的支付意愿差异,并基于消费者对再制造品和二手品的偏好程度对市场进行细分.在不同细分市场下,利用博弈论构建了闭环供应链定价决策模型,研究消费者市场结构以及消费者对再制造品和二手品偏好程度的变化对闭环供应链的影响.研究表明:随着绿色消费者市场比例的升高,新产品和再制造品的价格不变或升高,二手品的价格不变或降低;随着普通消费者对再制造品偏好程度的增加,新产品和二手品的价格不变或降低,再制造品的价格不变或升高;随着普通消费者对二手品偏好程度的增加,新产品的价格降低,再制造品的价格不变或降低,二手品的价格升高;绿色消费者市场比例的升高和普通消费者对再制造品偏好程度的增加有利于促进质量较差的废旧品的回收再利用,增加闭环供应链利润;消费者对二手品偏好程度的增加有利于促进质量较好的废旧品的回收再利用,但会减少闭环供应链利润.     

Comparative analysis on traditional procurement and e-procurement strategy of supply chain

With increasingly intense competition between enterprises, the realization of advanced supply chain management has become an exquisite premise for the survival of firms. Procurement management is an important means to reduce costs and to enhance the competitive advantage. By exploiting the single period newsvendor model, this paper analyses and compares the benefit mechanisms of e-procurement and traditional procurement to quantify the effect of the Internet on supply chain procurement management in a neutral e-market. This work was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 70125004 and 70572050. Guangshu Chang is a lecturer of Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautics. He received his master degree from Zhengzhou University in 2000. His research interests include e-commerce, supply chain management and quality management. Jichao Xu is a professor of Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautics. His research interests include quality management and quality engineering. Jianfeng Yang is a PhD student of Management School, Northwestern Polytechnical University. His research interest includes quality management. Jinfeng He is a PhD student of Management School, Northwestern Polytechnical University. Her research interest includes quality management. Li Zhang is a PhD student of Management School, Northwestern Polytechnical University. Her research interest includes quality management.     

单周期产品两层供应链的合作行为分析

研究了单周期产品市场需求不确定情况下的两级供应链的合作问题，并用市场需求不确定性的变异系数来描述其不确定性．证明了在按期望收益乘积最大化进行合作博弈并按合作贡献率进行收益分配的合作机制下，生产商和零售商的收益和非合作时相比都得到了增加，且增加的收益相等；这时零售商的最优订购量等于供应链纵向整合时的最优订购量，对应的供应链期望总收益等于供应链纵向整合的最优期望收益．研究还发现当市场需求满足正态分布和Beta分布时，当且仅当变异系数不超过一个上界时生产商和零售商的合作博弈存在均衡解．     

面对相同供应商时市场进入决策的博弈分析

论文研究了两个销售商在拥有各自销售市场并面对相同供应商情况下的市场进入策略. 分析了单个企业进入对方市场和两个企业同时互相进入对方市场的情况, 得出了在不同情况下供应商的最优定价策略, 以及销售商们的采购数量和销售商们在各市场上输出的产品数量. 研究发现在大多数情况下销售商们的纳什均衡解为互相进入对方市场. 但是当两个市场的市场规模和价格弹性相近的时候, 销售商们面临'囚徒困境'---虽然互相进入对方的市场是市场进入博弈的纳什均衡, 但销售商的利润值均低于各自选择不进入对方市场时的收益.     

分散式供应链中旁支付激励机制的研究

从供应商的角度出发,针对一个供应商和两个零售商组成的单一产品分散式供应链提出一种旁支付激励机制;利用博弈论和信息经济学理论和方法,研究了在产品价格固定、需求是随机的情况下,该旁支付激励机制对供应商和零售商收益产生的影响;并证明了该旁支付激励机制对提高供应链运作效益的有效性。     

STUDIES ON HORIZONTAL COMPETITION AMONG HOMOGENOUS RETAILERS THROUGH AGENT-BASED SIMULATION

1. Introduction A supply chain is a network composed osuppliers, manufacturers, retailers, etc., whichcooperate to offer a kind of goods or servicesThese supply chain members cooperate andcompete with each other to maximize theiown profits. For example,…     

基于突发事件风险的供应链脆弱性削减机制

当前频发的突发事件使得供应链格外脆弱.为降低供应链脆弱性,通过对供应链弹性、供应链柔性、供应链敏捷性和供应链脆弱性的相关文献系统梳理,探索性地提出了降低供应链脆弱性的概念模型,并采集了以制造业为主的行业样本,借助结构方程模型,对供应链脆弱性削减机制进行了实证研究.研究表明:供应链弹性对供应链脆弱性有着直接而显著的影响作用;供应链柔性对供应链弹性具有积极的促进作用,并通过供应链弹性对供应链脆弱性产生影响;供应链敏捷性对供应链脆弱性没有直接的影响作用,但可通过供应链弹性来影响供应链脆弱性.本研究可为供应链应对风险及突发事件提供理论指导,具有重要的实践意义.