Prediction of Welding Residual Stress in 2. 25Cr-1Mo Steel Pipe

Introduction2.25Cr-1Mo-steel is widely used in thepetroleum industry and in steam power generatingof both nuclear and conventional power plants be-cause of its excellent high-temperature strength,corrosion resistibility,and resistance to high-tem-perature hydrogen attack.Because several alloy el-ements are added into2.25Cr-1Mo-steel,marten-site is prone to form after welding.It has been rec-ognized that phase transformation can radically af-fect the development of residual stresses[1-2].Inor…     

Numerical Study of the Plastic Behaviour of a Low Alloy Steel during Phase Transformation

IntroductionItiswellknownthaphasetrapsformationsplayanimPortantroleontheresidualstressesandstrainsinducedbythermalprocessessuchasweldingandquenching.lnthispaPer,wefocusourattentiononthebehaviourofsteelsduringphasetransformations.AtheoreticalaPproachhasbeenachievedbyLeblondetal[1]andhasledtOamacroscopicmodelinthecaseofideal-plasticphases[2][3].Thenthemodelhasbeengeneralizedtotakestrainhardeningphenomenaintoaccount[4].ThetheoreticalaPproachhasbeenassessedandcompletedusingflniteelementsimulati…     

Computer Prediction on Stress Distribution During Laser Quenching

IntroductionInprocessofindustry,theproblemscoupIedwiththermaIandfOrceareusuaIIymet.LaserqueIlchinginvolvingphasetransformationisoneofthem.HowtosetupafitmatheInatica1modeltosimulatetl1elaserquenchingprocessandhowtocalculateandanalyzenumericallythestresgdistributionarefolIowedwithinterestbymanyresearchersIl'2'3J.Thoseeffol'tsareimportanttooPtilnizethetechnologyparametersandprovideareliablebasisforimprovingthesyntheticallymechanicspropertiesandtheuseagesofmaterials.Alongwithdevelopmentofcomp…     

基于粒子群优化算法的二阶系统解耦

从数值计算的角度出发研究了二阶系统的解耦问题,通过保持Lancaster结构将二阶系统的解耦问题转化为非线性约束的最优化求解问题.并利用粒子群优化算法求解此约束优化问题,直接给出非奇异的保结构解耦变换.利用Matlab编写程序实现此算法,数值实验结果表明在设定的迭代次数和精度内,此方法确实能实现原始系统的近似解耦.     

A Numerical Model Coupling Electromagnetism and Thermomechanics Application to Induction Heating Modeling

Introduction-TheinductionheatingprocessInductionheatingiswide1yusedinindustrialProcessesinvolvingmetallurgyheattreatthentsuchasquenching,hardening,brasing,Preheatinforforgillgoperations,sdsecoatinormeltnginelectromagneticcrucibles[DAV].ThemainadVatapesofinductionheatngProcessesarethefastheatinrate,greatPrecisionintheheatinlocalisation(suPefficialheatngedhighfrequencypowersuPpliesforschcetreatmentProcess),instarestart/top(nowimuPrequlredforeachcycle)andagoodreProducibilityThebasicinducton…     

3D Nonlinear Numerical Simulation of Intact and Debonded Reinforced Concrete Beams

To study the behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with sections of concrete removed and the reinforcement exposed, 3D nonlinear numerical analysis was performed upon both intact and debonded RC beams by using finite element techniques. The deformational characteristics and the ultimate loads were obtained through numerical models, as well as crack and stress distributions. The failure modes can also be deduced from computational results. Compared with intact beams, the normal assumptions of plane section behaviour is not hold true and the patterns of stress and strain are different in debonded RC beams. The numerical results show good consistency with experimental data. This kind of numerical simulation is a supplement to existing codes.     

一种无短停止距离及短环的准循环LDPC码构造方法

短停止距离及短环的存在使准循环LDPC（QC-LDPC）码的BER性能比随机构造的LDPC码的性能差,然而现有的准循环LDPC（QC-LDPC）码设计方法并没有同时考虑消除短停止距离和短环.为此,本文给出构造准循环LDPC码无短停止距离（停止距离为2和3）和无短环（4环和6环）的充要条件,解决了构造任意长度无短停止距离且无短环的QC-LDPC码的设计问题,为系统分析法构造校验矩阵提供了理论依据.在有效消除了短停止距离和短环的同时,使QC-LDPC码具有较大的最小汉明距离.实验结果表明,在中短码和长码时按照本文所提出定理设计的QC-LDPC码具有明显优于随机构造的LDPC码性能,且无错误平层.     

A Numerical Model for Multiple Phase Transformations in Steels during Thermal Processes

IntroductionltiswellknownthatmetallmpicalstrUcforeofsteelsandheattransferarefullycouPled.PhasechangesdependontemPertheeevoluton,whereastemPertheeisinfluencedbycontrastsofmaterialcharacteristicsbetWeenphasesandlatenheateffects.AlotofworkhasbeenpefformedonthssubeCt,andclassicalmodelsarenowwidelyimPlementedintofiniteelementcomPutercodes[l][2][31[4][5][61.Thesemodelsaregenerallybasedonf.AVramityPekinetics[7][8]l9]Whnthephasechangeisgovernedbydiffusion,.TheKoistinen-Marburgerlaw[l0]fOrmfornsi…     

铁路网最大货运发送量和流量分配综合优化研究

在高速铁路初步成网、既有线运输能力得到不同程度释放的背景下,本文研究了铁路网最大货运发送量和流量分配的综合优化问题.文中以增长后的铁路网货运需求量来描述货运发送量,构建了符合铁路运输车流组织特点的多目标优化模型.模型的目标函数包括货运发送量的最大化和不同货运发送量情形下的流量分配成本最小化.同时考虑了单股货流增长量上限、车流走行具有树形径路特点、非重复径路的数学逻辑表达等约束条件.最后,基于相同算例数据对所构建模型及既有研究文献中的模型进行求解试验,分别得到两种模型下的铁路网最大货物发送量和流量分配方案,通过对比求解结果,验证了本文模型的有效性.     

线性系统单位门函数响应的试验测定

杜氏变换以单位门函数响应ρ_T(t)作为线性系统的固有属性,用来描述系统的动态特性.当实际线性系统的数学模型较复杂时,则可直接利用本文提出的试验测定方法(门函数响应测试法和统计相关测试法)来确定其单位门函数响应.     

一类非线性车辆跟驰模型的稳定性与分岔特性

针对一类常用的非线性车辆跟驰模型,本文运用时滞动力系统理论,分析了由3辆车组成的系统的稳定性及其Hopf分岔特性,得到了系统参数平面上的稳定域范围,以及不同的系统时滞量（驾驶员反映时间）和不同的安全间距对系统稳定域的影响,揭示了非线性车辆跟驰模型中存在的复杂动力学现象。通过数值仿真验证了理论分析和计算的结果,并判明了系统经历的Hopf分岔是亚临界的。理论分析的结果可推广到由任意辆车组成的车队。     

砌体剪压复合强度的试验研究

为避免现有砌体结构剪压复合作用下较为繁琐的双向控制强度测试模式，采用一种以单向加载替代传统双向加载的改进试验装置，借助试件角度旋转获取了不同应力比下砌体剪切滑移破坏、受拉破坏、受压破坏3种破坏形态；通过数值分析对试验现象进行对比验证，揭示了不同剪压复合应力状态下砌体抗剪强度的破坏规律；以0.2和0.6为界限采用三段式剪压相关曲线构建出不同应力条件下剪压复合强度破坏准则，以0.2为界限提出了砌体剪压复合受力状态下材料应力应变关系. 结果表明:改进试验方法简捷高效误差小，理论计算与试验结果之比的均值为1.07，变异系数为0.180；试验结果丰富了砌体材料本构关系，可为砌体结构破坏准则的完善与数值分析模型的构建提供理论依据.      

银基氧化物梯度复合材料的研究

通过粉末冶金法制备了银基AgZnO/AgZnO-CdO/AgCdO叠层材料和AgSnO2梯度触头材料,这种设计方法从功能梯度的角度出发,更准确地考虑到了电接触材料的实际工作情况。作为一种全新的电接触材料的设计方法,初步考察了两种复合材料的电导率、热导率及电侵蚀前后接触表面的形貌和元素成分分布情况。     

基于离散时间序列OD量的动态交通分配方法

为了更确切地描述离散时间动态交通分配问题中各离散时段分配时的路网阻抗特性、更合理地反映各时段分配过程中出行者的出行行为,提出了一种基于消散周期OD量和差额OD量、分阶段分配的梯阶分配思想,它考虑了各离散时段分配前路网既有剩留交通量对后继离散时段OD用户出行选择的影响,更符合实际. 通过融合相继平均法,设计了梯阶分配算法,并据此对数据结构做了适应性补充. 示例路网下新算法与相继平均算法的数值模拟结果表明,新算法分配结果能够更为客观真实地反映现实交通中的动态现象,仿真度更高.
最后给出了梯阶分配思想在现实中的应用.     

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超车是高速公路上非常普遍的现象，传统的模型都不能够很好地刻画超车的一些定性和定量的性质，基于薛国新和顾怀中的超车模型的基础上，在分析超车过程时考虑了车辆超车过程中时一些反应延滞时间、车辆跟弛时的安全距离和超车过程中两车所行驶的路程之间的关系，从而建立了一种新的超车模型。最后，给出一个算例表明此模型能够很好地模拟超车现象，并准确地反映出超车过程中的一些重要的定性性质和定量结果。     

Flow stress model of stainless steel 0Cr13Ni5Mo at elevated temperature

For a more accurate forming calculation and numerical simulation of hydraulic turbine blade, experimental studies on the flow stress of stainless steel 0Cr13Ni5Mo were carried out upon Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator under different deformation conditions.The results then were analyzed and the effects of all influencing factors were summarized consequently.New mathematic models were conceived.Utilizing the software Matlab, regression coefficients were calculated by the least square method.The model has an eminent capability of curve-fitting performance with impact structure whose correlation coefficient is up to 0.9080 and the cosine coefficient is 0.9958.All mathematic models and process parameters can be used in engineering calculations or computer simulations.     

Flow Stress Model of Stainless Steel OCr13Ni5Mo at Elevated Temperature

For a more accurate forming calculation and numerical simulation of hydraulic turbine blade,experimental studies on the flow stress of stainless steel OCr13Ni5Mo were carried out upon Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator under different deformation conditions.The results then were analyzed and the effects of all influencing factors were summarized consequently.New mathematic models were conceived.Utilizing the software Matlab,regression coefficients were calculated by the least square method.The model has an eminent capability of curve-fitting performance with impact structure whose correlation coefficient is up to 0.908 0 and the cosine coefficient is 0.995 8.All mathematic models and process parameters can be used in engineering calculations or computer simulations.     

公路路面热辐射对汽车排放NO_x扩散特性的影响

针对公路沥青路面热辐射,建立了三维大气流动及机动车排放物扩散的CFD仿真模型,进行了非定常三维湍流流动模拟;结合气象因素及单车排放NOx扩散浓度的实地测试,研究了路面热辐射对机动车排放物扩散的影响。结果表明:路表加热作用所产生的热力环流使得污染物能够被有效地输送和扩散至上空,从而使得近地面的污染物浓度下降;随地表温度增高,输送效应增强;在尾气排放方向处于距排气口10 m远处,人的呼吸带高度处NOx浓度仍然较高;NOx扩散浓度的模拟值与实测值具有较好的符合,验证了数值模型的可靠性。     

Modeling, identification and simulation of DC resistance spot welding process for aluminum alloy 5182

Currently the aluminum alloy resistance spot welding(AA-RSW) has been extensively used for light weight automotive body-in-white manufacturing.However the aluminum alloys such as AA5182 have inferior weldability for forming the joint due to their high reflectiveness to heat and light.Therefore it is necessary to further develop the high performance control strategy and the set-up of a new welding schedule.The welding process identification is the essential issue where the difficulty arises from the fact that the AA-RSW is a nonlinear time-varying uncertain process which couples the thermal,electrical,mechanical and metallurgical dynamics.To understand this complicated physical phenomenon a novel dual-phase M-series pseudo-random electrical pattern is adopted to excite the AA-RSW electrical-thermal process and the thermal response is recorded according to the welding power outputs.Based on the experimental information,the transfer function of an AA-RSW electrical- thermal mechanism is identified,and the optimum model order and parameters are determined.Subsequently a control-oriented DC AA-RSW model is established to explore the welding power control algorithm.The simulated results of the control model show agreement with the experimental data,which validates its feasibility for the corresponding welding control.     

热障涂层应力场的微拉曼光谱技术测试研究

采用等离子体喷涂工艺制备了热障涂层实验样品,在不同高温下进行热循环氧化实验。再应用微拉曼光谱法测量了热障涂层样品内残余应力场大小,并分析了试样尺寸、热处理温度和陶瓷涂层厚度对残余应力的影响。经历20次热循环氧化实验后,测得陶瓷涂层内残余应力由初始压缩应力值(-30~-20 MPa)逐渐变化到(-15~15 MPa),与文献[3~7]结果比较一致。最后,用扫描电镜观察了试样截面形貌的变化。