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目的:检测食管鳞癌患者外周血中程序性死亡分子1 (programmed cell death 1,PD-1)、程序性死亡分子1配体(pro-grammed cell death ligand 1,PD-L1)及IFN-γ表达情况,并分析其临床意义.方法选取2016年6月至2017年4月河北医科大学第四医院胸外科90例食管鳞状细胞癌患者(其中50例患者行手术治疗)和40例健康对照者为研究对象,收集研究其外周血液标本,采用酶联免疫吸附方法检测血清中可溶性PD-1 (sPD-1)、可溶性PD-L1 (sPD-L1)及IFN-γ的表达水平.采用SPSS 24.0软件对数据进行检验和相关性分析.结果:食管鳞癌组血清中sPD-l、sPD-L1及IFN-γ水平均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05);食管鳞癌组手术前血清sPD-L1、IFN-γ水平均明显高于术后(P<0.05),而sPD-1水平两组比较无明显差异(P>0.05).sPD-1、sPD-L1的表达水平与临床病理特征无明显相关(P>0.05),IFN-γ的表达水平与淋巴结转移情况相关(P<0.05),与T分期、TNM分期、肿瘤体积大小、肿瘤部位、组织分化程度、性别、年龄无明显相关(P>0.05).血清中sPD-L1表达水平与IFN-γ无明显相关(P>0.05).结论:食管鳞癌患者血清中sPD-L1较正常人表达升高,且术后表达较术前减少,说明血清中sPD-L1表达水平与病情发展变化有一定相关性. 相似文献
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小细胞肺癌(SCLC)主要的特点为生长迅速且早期易发生广泛转移。尽管SCLC对于化疗和放疗敏感,但几乎所有的患者均在治疗后发生复发转移,预后差。免疫检测点抑制剂,尤其程序化细胞死亡受体-1(PD-1)/程序化细胞死亡配体-1(PD-L1)拮抗剂在SCLC的临床前和临床研究中均获得了良好效果,并且能够延长患者生存。免疫检测点疗法作为一种新兴的方法在未来可能会改变SCLC治疗模式。此外,有限的数据显示出PD-L1表达可能成为筛选获益人群一个有效的生物标记物。本文总结PD-L1作为标记物的发展历程,并同时阐述PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在SCLC治疗中的进展。 相似文献
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目的:肿瘤微环境中,免疫相关机制使程序性死亡分子配体1(programmed death ligand 1,PD-L1)表达上调,从而异常激活PD-L1信号通路,介导肿瘤免疫逃逸。可溶性程序性死亡配体1(soluble programmed death ligand 1,sPD-L1)是PD-L1的一种存在形式。有研究证实sPD-L1在肺鳞癌及腺癌中的表达与疾病进展相关,而小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)恶性程度高侵袭性强,相关研究较少。本研究旨在观察sPD-L1在SCLC患者血浆中的表达变化及临床意义。方法:筛选2018年3月至2018年11月山西省肿瘤医院经病理学检查诊断为SCLC的初治患者94例作为试验组,选取同期健康体检者17例作为对照组,比较两组血浆sPD-L1 的动态变化,并分析sPD-L1 表达与TNM 分期、远处转移以及胃泌素释放肽前体(pro-gastrin-releasing peptide,ProGRP)的相关性。结果:SCLC组血浆sPD-L1水平高于健康人组(P<0.05和P<0.01)。疾病缓解期的SCLC患者化疗后血浆sPD-L1水平比化疗前显著降低(P<0.01);疾病进展期患者化疗后血浆sPD-L1水平比化疗前显著升高(P<0.01)。SCLC患者sPD-L1异常高表达与疾病进展显著相关(P<0.05)。血浆sPD-L1表达与肿瘤标志物ProGRP呈正相关。结论:SCLC患者外周血浆sPD-L1的表达较健康人增高,且与疗效密切相关。 相似文献
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在全世界范围内,肺癌的发病率仍较高,且大部分患者就诊时已失去手术机会,需要化疗、放疗、靶向治疗等联合治疗,但总体治疗效果欠佳,5年生存率仍较低,亟待研究新的治疗方法.免疫治疗作为一种新兴的治疗方式,抑制免疫检查点通路被认为是最具前景的方式之一,本文就免疫检查点抑制剂治疗非小细胞肺癌的最新临床进展作一阐述. 相似文献
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Newly developed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrate impressive clinical activity. However, they can also cause life-threatening side effects. The efficacy and toxicity associated with ICIs both derive from unregulated, enhanced immune activation. Health care providers have been hesitant to prescribe these medications to patients who have preexisting autoimmune disease (AD) because of concerns that this may exacerbate their underlying immune condition. These patients have also been excluded from ongoing ICI clinical trials. However, new data suggest that the potential benefits of ICI treatment may outweigh the potential risks for this patient group as long as physicians also provide sufficient monitoring for AD exacerbations or other side effects. Therefore, it may be appropriate to include patients with advanced malignancies and preexisting AD in ICI clinical trials when no other effective cancer treatment options exist. Overall, physicians should avoid excluding patients from ICI therapy unnecessarily when the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks. 相似文献
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李甜甜 ' target='_blank'> 刘斌 ' target='_blank'> 王丽 ' target='_blank'> 苏勤军 ' target='_blank'> 范钰 ' target='_blank'> 《现代肿瘤医学》2018,(11):1803-1807
免疫抗癌疗法是一种新的治疗实体肿瘤的方法。在这个新的领域,免疫系统里作为负向调节因子的免疫检查位点,在抗肿瘤免疫反应领域中起着重要的作用。因此,诸如抗细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(CTLA-4)、程序性细胞死亡蛋白(PD-1)、程序性细胞死亡蛋白配体1(PD-L1),现在已经研发出了针对前述这三者免疫检查位点的阻断因子,用于抗肿瘤的药物,在临床前期研究和临床研究中有着可喜的成果。本文综述关于在结直肠癌中免疫检查位点阻断剂的生物背景和临床研发最新进展。关于阻断PD-1和PD-L1的临床前期试验结果的前景令人充满希望,尤其是在带有微卫星不稳定性(MSI)的结直肠癌患者中更加明显。接下来进一步深入开展的临床试验将证实这些初步结果,并且评估这二者联合治疗方法的可行性和确认这两个生物标记物作为免疫检查位点阻断剂的效应在哪些人群中更有可能受益或更加抵抗。 相似文献
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Lizong Li Xuemei Liu Jing Huang Yi Liu Lin Huang Yufei Feng 《Journal of gastrointestinal oncology.》2022,13(1):40
BackgroundTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of camrelizumab versus chemotherapy for patients with advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) from the perspective of health system and to provide a basis for health decisions in China.MethodsA Markov model of 3 health states throughout the lifetime was established based on data from the ESCORT trial. Life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and lifetime costs were estimated. The time horizon of lifetime was 5 years and each model cycle represented 2 months. The cost and utility value adopted a 5% discount rate per year. One-way sensitivity analysis and probability sensitivity analysis were used to test the robustness of the results.ResultsThe results of the cost-effectiveness analysis revealed that the camrelizumab group produced a gain of 2.93 QALY, at a cost of $37,809.12 USD, and the chemotherapy group gained 2.85 QALY, at a cost of $3,7071.52 USD. Camrelizumab was more cost-effective than chemotherapy for patients with advanced or metastatic ESCC. The results of one-way sensitivity analyses showed that the cost of camrelizumab, cost of chemotherapy and utility of progression-free survival (PFS) state were the top three parameters influencing the model. The probability sensitivity analysis results showed that the results of the basic case analysis were stable.ConclusionsUnder the willingness to pay threshold of three times per capita GDP of China, camrelizumab as second-line treatment could provide more health benefits for advanced or metastatic ESCC in China. 相似文献
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Hazem I. Assi MD Alice O. Kamphorst PhD Nour M. Moukalled MD Suresh S. Ramalingam MD 《Cancer》2018,124(2):248-261
The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of cancer has led to major changes to the therapeutic landscape of lung cancer. Improvements in overall survival relative to standard chemotherapy have been observed in the first‐line and second‐line therapy settings for patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Consequently, every patient with advanced‐stage NSCLC is now a candidate for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. However, it is clear that the benefit from therapy is not universal, and identification of biomarkers to select therapy has assumed importance. In addition to programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 expression, both tissue‐based and blood‐based markers are under evaluation to select patients. In an era of increasing costs of care and potential for toxicities related to immune checkpoint inhibition, proper patient selection is critical to the optimal use of this new class of agents. In addition, development of novel combination approaches has also emerged as an important way to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition. Studies in earlier stages of NSCLC are already underway with the hope of improving the cure rate. In this article, the authors review the current landscape of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Cancer 2018;124:248‐61 . © 2017 American Cancer Society. 相似文献
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Yukiya Narita Eiichi Sasaki Toshiki Masuishi Hiroya Taniguchi Shigenori Kadowaki Seiji Ito Yasushi Yatabe Kei Muro 《Journal of gastrointestinal oncology.》2021,12(6):2696
BackgroundNivolumab and pembrolizumab are promising therapies for gastric adenocarcinoma. The 22C3 and 28-8 pharmDx immunohistochemistry assays for programmed death ligand-1 scoring criteria have been developed. This study compared the programmed death ligand-1 staining patterns of gastric adenocarcinoma evaluated by the 22C3 and 28-8 pharmDx assays.MethodsTissue microarray analysis was performed for 226 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent curative surgery. Interobserver concordance between the 22C3 and 28-8 pharmDx assays was assessed to compare the dichotomized expression values. Programmed death ligand-1 positivity was assessed by combined positive score and tumor proportion score. Immunohistochemistry for deficient mismatch repair proteins and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA in situ hybridization was examined.ResultsProgrammed death ligand-1 positivity with a combined positive score ≥5 was detected in 63 patients (28%) by the 22C3 pharmDx assay, and in 45 patients (20%) by the 28-8 pharmDx assay. A pairwise comparison of the 22C3 and 28-8 pharmDx assays showed 87% of pairs were concordant and 11% higher expressions for the 22C3 pharmDx assay, with strong concordance (kappa score =0.881 with a combined positive score cutoff of 5). The programmed death ligand-1 positivity rate (range, 3–5%) of the tumor proportion score was markedly lower than that of the combined positive score in the two assays. Programmed death ligand-1 positivity of the combined positive score in these two assays was associated with mismatch repair proteins and Epstein-Barr virus status. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between programmed death ligand-1, mismatch repair proteins, and Epstein-Barr virus status.ConclusionsThe study findings suggest the potential interchangeability of the 22C3 and 28-8 pharmDx assays to determine programmed death ligand-1 expression levels in gastric adenocarcinoma patients. 相似文献
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《European journal of surgical oncology》2022,48(2):383-390
BackgroundThe effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy on the expression of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) in cancer cells and peritumoral cells are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction.MethodsPD-1 and PD-L1 expression in cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in paired diagnostic biopsies and surgical specimens from patients with pretreated and curatively resected adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.ResultsPaired tumor samples were available from 40 patients. PD-1 expression in cancer cells (p < 0.001; Exact Symmetry Test) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (p < 0.001; Exact Symmetry Test) increased significantly after neoadjuvant therapy. Furthermore, we observed a significant decrease in PD-L1 expression in cancer cells (p = 0.003) after neoadjuvant therapy was observed.ConclusionIn this study we could show that tumor-cell expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was significantly altered in patients with adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Based on these observations, patients might profit from the combined use of cytotoxic chemotherapy and the blockade of the PD-1 axis. 相似文献
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目的:通过Meta分析的方法评价抗生素对免疫检查点抑制剂治疗非小细胞肺癌(non-small lung cancer,NSCLC)疗效的影响.方法:检索Pubmed、Cochrane Library、EMbase、EBSCO循证医学数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)中收录的关于抗生素对免疫检... 相似文献
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《Expert review of anticancer therapy》2013,13(5):509-523
Since its introduction almost 40 years ago, intravesical BCG for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer remains one of the most successful cancer immunotherapies. However, up to 40% of patients will progress after BCG therapy and develop invasive bladder cancer. Despite its extensive clinical use, we are only beginning to understand how BCG works. Here we review preclinical and clinical data that implicate BCG-induced Th1 and cytotoxic cellular immune responses in cancer regression. We propose that future immunotherapies should aim to augment Th1 and/or cellular responses in those that fail BCG therapy. We review clinical trials of immunotherapy in bladder cancer with a focus on the promising role of checkpoint blockade inhibitors that target the programmed cell death 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis and/or cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4. 相似文献
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Advances in cancer immunotherapy and a growing body of research have focused on the role of the antitumor response in breast cancer. Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most immunogenic breast cancer subtype, and there is strong evidence that tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes in TNBC have prognostic value and are associated with clinical outcome and improved survival. Evading antitumor immunity is a hallmark for the development and progression of cancer. Immunotherapy studies have focused on the role of the programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) receptor/programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) pathway in maintaining immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Blockade of the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis has emerged as a promising therapeutic option to enhance antitumor immunity and is actively being investigated in TNBC, with encouraging results. In this article, the authors review the current literature on checkpoint inhibitors in TNBC with a focus on PD‐1/PD‐L1 antibodies and discuss combination strategies and novel approaches for improving antitumor immunity and clinical outcome. Cancer 2018;124:2086‐103 . © 2018 American Cancer Society. 相似文献
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[摘 要] 小细胞肺癌(SCLC)是肺癌中恶性程度最高的一种类型,其在全部肺癌病例中约占13%~15%。初治SCLC患者虽然 对化疗和放疗具有较高的敏感性,但容易复发,导致患者生存率较低。2018年以来,随着IMpower133和CASPIAN研究相继成 功,SCLC进入了免疫治疗时代,化疗联合免疫检查点抑制剂已成为广泛期SCLC的一线治疗标准方案。同时,免疫治疗在局限 期SCLC中也取得了初步成功。SCLC的免疫治疗虽然取得了一些进展,但免疫治疗整体上带来的生存获益有限,缺乏有效的预 测生物标志物,对复发/难治性SCLC缺少治疗手段,SCLC免疫治疗未来仍面临诸多挑战。本文回顾国内外SCLC免疫治疗临床 研究的最新进展,分析不同类型的免疫治疗药物、生物标志物及新型免疫治疗靶点,探讨SCLC免疫治疗的联合策略和发展前景。 相似文献
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胃癌(gastric cancer,GC)是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。尽管随着早期诊断技术的进步,GC的发病率在过去十年中显著下降,但其死亡率仍居高不下。免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs)如程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(programmed cell death protein-1,PD-1)抑制剂等新型免疫疗法已成为GC患者一种有潜力的治疗方法。然而,仅少数GC患者对PD-1抑制剂治疗产生持久应答,且其疗效有限。免疫治疗疗效不显著主要与PD-1抑制剂耐药的发生密切相关,但耐药机制尚未完全明确。因此,本文旨在探讨PD-1抑制剂治疗GC过程中耐药的潜在分子机制,为临床应对PD-1抑制剂耐药提供新的参考。 相似文献
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目的:系统评价PD-1/PD-L1 抑制剂联合化疗对比化疗一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small lung cancer,NSCLC)的疗效及安全性。方法:检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMbase、EBSCO循证医学数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库(Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,CBM)、中国知网(Chinese Journal Full-text Database,CNKI)、中文科技期刊全文数据库(VIP)中收录的PD-1/PD-L1 抑制剂联合化疗对比化疗一线治疗晚期NSCLC 的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trials,RCTs),采用RevMan 5.2 软件进行Meta 分析。结果:纳入6 个临床RCTs 共3 238 例晚期NSCLC。Meta 分析结果显示,PD-1/PD-L1 抑制剂联合化疗与化疗相比可显著延长OS(HR=0.86,95%CI=0.79~0.94,P=0.0006)和PFS(HR=0.81,95%CI=0.78~0.84,P<0.00001);1~5 级血小板计数减少、呕吐、腹泻、甲状腺功能减低或亢进、皮疹、肺炎、结肠炎、肝炎、味觉障碍,3~5 级肝炎的不良反应发生率较化疗组高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01 或P<0.05)。结论:PD-1/PD-L1 抑制剂联合化疗较单独化疗一线治疗晚期NSCLC可显著延长患者OS和PFS,但不良反应发生率较化疗高。 相似文献
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《Journal of thoracic oncology》2023,18(7):869-881
IntroductionAccording to mechanisms of adaptive immune resistance, tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is classified into four types: (1) programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)–negative and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)–negative (type I); (2) PD-L1–positive and TIL-positive (type II); (3) PD-L1–negative and TIL-positive (type III); and (4) PD-L1–positive and TIL-negative (type IV). However, the relationship between the TIME classification model and immunotherapy efficacy has not been validated by any large-scale randomized controlled clinical trial among patients with advanced NSCLC.MethodsOn the basis of RNA-sequencing and immunohistochemistry data from the ORIENT-11 study, we optimized the TIME classification model and evaluated its predictive value for the efficacy of immunotherapy plus chemotherapy.ResultsPD-L1 mRNA expression and immune score calculated by the ESTIMATE method were the strongest predictors for the efficacy of immunotherapy plus chemotherapy. Therefore, they were determined as the optimized definition of the TIME classification system. When compared between combination therapy and chemotherapy alone, only the type II subpopulation with high immune score and high PD-L1 mRNA expression was significantly associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio = 0.12, 95% confidence interval: 0.06–0.25, p < 0.001) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 0.27, 95% confidence interval: 0.13–0.55, p < 0.001). In the combination group, the type II subpopulation had a much longer survival time, not even reaching the median PFS or overall survival, but the other three subpopulations were susceptible to having similar PFS. In the chemotherapy group, there was no marked association between survival outcomes and TIME subtypes.ConclusionsOnly patients with both high PD-L1 expression and high immune infiltration could benefit from chemotherapy plus immunotherapy in first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC. For patients lacking either PD-L1 expression or immune infiltration, chemotherapy alone might be a better treatment option to avoid unnecessary toxicities and financial burdens. 相似文献