一种电动自行车用无位置传感器无刷直流电机转子位置检测方法

本文提出了一种用于电动自行车的无位置传感器无刷直流电机转子位置信号的检测方法.本文所有测量电压的参考电位为电源的负母线.高速下通过比较电机的交流虚拟中点与直流虚拟中点,得到反电势的过零点;低速下将电机的交流虚拟中点电压与负母线电位进行比较,得到反电势的过零点.再将反电势的过零点延迟30°电角度即可获得无刷直流电机绕组换相所需要的转子位置信号.该方法具有扩展速度范围的优点.由于不必对检测信号进行滤波,不但省去了滤波电路,同时消除了滤波电路带来的相移问题.文中对该检测方法的原理进行了详细介绍,并通过实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

Detection of rotor faults in squirrel-cage induction machines atstandstill for batch tests by means of the Vienna monitoring method

This paper addresses the possibility of integration of an induction machine rotor fault monitoring technique into batch tests. Conventional monitoring techniques are designed for operating conditions near nominal speed and load. Generally, load torque is not available at batch test as the test sample should not or cannot be clutched. However, at standstill, shaft torque and rotor currents are big enough to enable rotor monitoring. Therefore, short-circuit tests are applicable for diagnostic purposes. This application is demonstrated by means of the Vienna Monitoring Method, which is a model-based torque evaluation technique     

基于MRAS的永磁同步电机无传感器控制研究

针对在永磁同步电机(PMSM)中安装传感器带的高成本、体积增大、可靠性降低、易受环境干扰等缺陷,提出了一种基于模型参考自适应理论(MRAS)的转速和转子位置的估算方法.以PMSM本体作为参考模型,电机的定子电流作为可调模型,以超稳定性与正性动态系统理论(Popov)为基础,设计了自适应律PI调节器参数,达到了可调模型稳定追踪参考模型的目的,实现了无速度传感器的转速和转子位置的准确估计.仿真结果表明,所提出的电机无位置传感器的控制方法能在转速突变、负载转矩扰动的情况下,快速、准确估算转速和转子位置,具有较强的动静态性能和鲁棒性.     

基于模型分层的配电网故障诊断方法

针对配电网故障的基于模型诊断方法在发生多重多相故障时存在诊断速度慢、诊断准确率不高、容错能力低的情况,提出一种适用于配电网故障的基于模型分层诊断方法。在诊断算法上,利用新的适应度函数和特征学习搜索策略来提高诊断速度和诊断准确率。在诊断模型上,利用分层的方法,将单层单次高维度运算转变为2层多次低维度运算,进而再次提高诊断速度、诊断准确率;通过定义等效部件的约束关系式提高第1层诊断的容错能力,利用电压约束和电流约束的冗余关系提高第2层诊断的容错能力。算例表明,与其他模型相比,基于模型分层诊断方法的诊断速度有了较大的提高,诊断准确率始终维持在理想值附近,容错能力明显增强;在大规模配电网故障诊断中,其优势明显。     

线反电动势检测无刷直流电机转子位置方法

利用传统的反电动势过零检测原理,提出一种利用简化的线反电动势过零检测无刷直流电机转子位置方法,该方法通过实时测量无刷直流电机的任意两路线电压和两路相电流信号,并利用定子电阻参数进行实时简化计算,就可以得到三路线反电动势的过零时刻,从而实现无刷直流电机的无位置传感器控制.该方法结构简单、计算方便,不需要构造电机中点,也不需要进行相位延迟补偿,定子电阻变化对转子位置辨识的精确度影响较小.仿真和实验结果表明,提出的改进线反电动势过零检测方法可以在较宽的速度范围内对转子位置进行准确检测.     

内嵌式永磁同步电机转子初始位置检测(英文)

针对内置式永磁同步电机的无感器运行问题,提出一种转子初始位置估计方法。通过对内嵌式永磁同步电机的定子绕组施加合适的电压脉冲,检测未通电相的端电压就可以获得转子的位置信息。利用磁饱和效应对凸极性的影响来区分南北极,从而区别2个稳定区,转子初始位置估计方法的分辨率为30°电角度。以DSP控制的永磁同步电机系统为试验平台,对所提出的方法进行了试验验证及试验结果分析,结果表明,提出的方法能够可靠而有效的估计初始转子位置。     

PMSM转子位置复合检测与编码器校正方法

为实现永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM)的平稳起动,同时保证电机工作过程中的转子位置检测精度,提出一种PMSM转子位置复合检测和编码器校正方法。在分析正余弦型复合编码器绝对和增量两种工作模式的基础上,首先给出PMSM转子位置的复合检测方法,导出编码器的单向校正方法,并分析其校正误差。根据编码器单向校正误差的对称性,提出编码器的正、反转双向校正方法。结果表明,编码器参考零点标记信号位置校正值与实际相吻合,提出的方法可以保证电机的平稳起动和转子位置检测的精度,并且提出的校正方法同时适用于电机空载和带载的情况。     

永磁同步电机转子磁位自检测复合方法

针对永磁同步电机转子磁位和速度检测问题,提出了将脉振高频电压信号注入法和模型参考自适应法有机结合的新型无速度传感器的复合方法,建立了无传感器矢量控制系统.通过设计速度切换器,实现了两种方法间的平滑切换.解决了单一方法不能在全速度范围内同时兼顾良好的动态、稳态性能的问题,使系统实现了包括初始磁位在内的转子位置和速度的精确检测和控制.仿真结果表明,该复合方法能可靠的实现永磁同步电机全速度范围内的起动和运行.系统具有优良的动态、稳态性能.     

内置式永磁同步电机转子初始位置估计方法

针对现有内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)转子初始位置估计方法设计复杂与计算量大的问题,提出了基于旋转高频信号注入和傅氏算法的改进方法。使用移相和傅氏算法从响应电流中提取转子位置初步估算值,利用磁路饱和特性获得转子磁极方向,综合其结果得到转子初始位置,并对死区效应等非线性因素对该方法的影响进行了分析。在此基础上提出使用移位代替移相滤波器(通过选择适当的PMW频率和注入信号频率)、平均滤波等方法改进算法实现。在实验平台上完成验证实验,实验结果表明本文提出的方法能够快速且准确地估算出IPMSM转子初始位置(误差小于6°电角度),并且该方法相比传统方法更容易实施、计算量更小,适合工程应用。     

永磁同步电机转子初始位置检测方法

永磁同步电机(PMSM)转子初始位置的准确预测,对电机启动过程的控制有着重要的影响,而在无传感器下精准辨识转子初始位置对电机控制有着诸多好处。提出了一种基于脉冲电压矢量法的高精度永磁同步电机初始位置预测方法。该方法在分析了永磁同步电机转子位置对磁路饱和程度影响的基础上,通过在电机任意两相中加入正反向脉冲电压,测量无电流相的感应电压,获得感应电压幅值与转子位置的关系。利用测试数据训练神经网络来拟合这种关系,构成转子初始位置估算装置。通过仿真实验表明,这种方法可以克服采用电机集中参数模型所带来的各种误差,具有极高的预测准确性。     

PMSM转子初始位置检测分析及起动策略

为准确获取永磁同步电机(PMSM)转子初始位置信息,实现电机的平稳起动,提出一种PMSM转子初始位置检测方法和基于增量式编码器的PMSM起动策略。从定子电流矢量的角度预定位PMSM转子,并导出定子电流矢量的产生方法,获取确定的转子位置信息。在此基础上,提出基于转子预定位的PMSM起动策略,并在起动过程中完成增量式编码器的校正。结果表明,所提起动策略可以准确检测转子的初始位置,实现电机的平稳起动与可靠运行。     

A method for sensorless on-line vibration monitoring of inductionmachines

This paper proposes a method for the sensorless online vibration monitoring of induction machines based on the relationship between the current harmonics in the machine and their related vibration harmonics. Initially, the vibration monitoring system records two baseline measurements of current and vibration with the machine operating under normal conditions. The baseline data is then evaluated to determine the critical frequencies to monitor online. Once these frequencies are determined, the baseline vibration measurement is simply used to scale the current harmonic signal to an estimated vibration level. Based on theoretical analysis, simulation results and the experimental results shown here, a linear relationship between the current harmonics and vibration level can be assumed. The results of two experiments on a three-phase 230 V 10 hp induction motor operating under no load are discussed and show the feasibility of this method for sensorless online vibration monitoring     

A permanent-magnet rotor containing an electrical winding toimprove detection of rotor angular position

Sensorless detection of rotor angular position is desirable for decreasing the cost and increasing the reliability of permanent magnet AC motor drive systems. This paper describes tests performed on a rotor that has surface-mounted magnets and a conducting winding that links only the d axis of the rotor. The rotor winding increases the variation of the stator winding inductance that occurs as the rotor rotates and improves the accuracy of rotor angular position estimates     

Initial rotor position estimation method for PM motors

This paper presents a method to detect the rotor position of permanent-magnet motors at standstill, which is suitable to avoid temporary reverse rotation at startup or starting failure. The approach is based on the investigation of the stator inductance variation as a function of the rotor magnets position and the stator current space vector. It involves the application of a proper sequence of voltage pulses to the stator windings, and the measurement of the peak values of the resulting current in order to achieve the rotor position estimation. Actually, the current measurements show significant uncertainties which affect the rotor position detection. In order to avoid these problems, the authors propose a novel procedure which combines an iterative sequence of voltage pulses with a fuzzy logic processing of the current responses and phase currents derivation based on the DC-link current measurements. The proposed method has been implemented on a /spl mu/C digital signal processor (TMS320F240). The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solution. It can be applied in sensorless drives, in drives equipped with nonabsolute position transducers, with a wide range of motors, and it does not require the knowledge of any of the motor parameters.     

无刷直流电机无位置传感器单相反电势检测法

基于传统的反电动势过零检测原理,提出一种新型反电动势过零检测无刷直流电机转子位置的方法。通过将无刷直流电机中性点隔离抽出,实时检测无刷直流电机的一相反电动势过零信号,利用算法预测其余两相反电动势的过零时刻,实现无位置传感器控制。该方法实现简单,进行较小的相位延迟补偿后在较低转速下就可以准确检测过零点,调速比性能更佳。试验结果验证了理论的可行性和有效性,达到了预期效果。     

A periodic burst injection method for deriving rotor position insaturated cage-salient induction motors without a shaft encoder

This paper describes a new method for estimating the incremental rotor position for an induction machine without using a shaft sensor. The method assumes a saturated induction motor having an engineered cage saliency spanning one pole pitch. The voltage-source inverter driving the machine is also used to inject a high-frequency signal which is needed to detect position. The paper discusses two ways in which this can be achieved. This method has been proven successful with a loaded machine at low speeds and overcomes problems associated with saturation     

永磁直线同步电机驱动系统速度和位置无传感器检测新方法

为了实现永磁直线同步电机(PMLSM)无传感器伺服控制,必须估计出电机的速度和磁极位置.本文提出了一种通过电机电流和电压信号估计PMLSM速度和位置的简单方法.在建立PMLSM三相电压模型的基础上,通过park变换,得到基于估计位置的dq轴模型,从而求出由轴电流微分.另外通过实际电流信号计算出电流微分.通过两个电流微分...     

一种新型无刷直流电机转子位置检测方法

提出一种新的基于假中性点电压交流分量积分过零点的转子位置检测方法。通过对假中性点电压信号特性的分析,提出假中性点电压交流分量积分过零点对应电机换相时刻。该方法低速检测范围更宽,实现简单,不要求无刷直流电机具有理想的梯形波磁场,在直流母线电压低的中小功率应用场合尤其具有技术优势。实验验证了方法的有效性。     

基于传感器集成概念的永磁同步电机转子位置检测

在分析高频信号激励下永磁同步电机数学模型的基础上,提出了一种基于电机凸极跟踪的转子位置估算自检测方法;讨论了利用高频信号注入、外差法及转子位置跟踪观测器等转子位置检测原理,并应用这种位置检测方法建立了永磁同步电机无位置传感器矢量控制系统的仿真模型。仿真研究表明,上述凸极跟踪方法能在永磁同步电机全速范围(包括零速和极低转速)准确地观测出转子的位置,是一种基于传感器与电机集成概念的无传感器交流调速系统,具有较好的静、动态性能。     

Analysis of rotor slotting saliency in induction motor sensorless control

This paper deals with induction machines study by Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for position sensorless control drives based on rotating voltage carrier injection. It focuses the analysis of the rotor slotting saliency, under the variations of: (1) supply of the machine (both the high frequency rotating voltage carrier and the fundamental frequency supply), (2) reference flux of the drive, (3) load torque, and (4) rotor geometry design. The relative spatial harmonic of the stator inductance space-vector responsible for the rotor slotting effect has been chosen as an index for evaluating the response to the high frequency carrier. A methodology for retrieving the stator inductance space-vector from a FEA is proposed as well. Results of the variation of the rotor slotting spatial harmonic of the stator inductance with the carrier frequency, the rotor flux linkage, the load torque and the rotor geometry are presented.