聚乙烯醇／海藻酸钠双交联凝胶球的制备及其应用

将聚乙烯醇(PVA)、硼酸(H3BO3)、海藻酸钠(SA)和氯化钙(CaCl2)结合构筑双交联凝胶网络,并负载腐植酸钾(KHA)和钙基蒙脱土(MMT)纳米粒子,成功制备了一种双交联凝胶球(PVA/SA/KHA/MMT)。该凝胶球对亚甲基蓝(MB)染料和Pb(Ⅱ)表现出优异的去除效率。通过FTIR,XRD,TGA,SEM-EDS,Zeta电位分析和BET系统地表征了凝胶球的理化性质。结果表明,吸附过程遵循准二级动力学模型,实验数据与Langmuir模型吻合良好。在298 K时, MB和Pb(Ⅱ)的最大吸附容量(Qm)分别为725.42和375.64 mg/g。热力学结果表明,该凝胶球的吸附是自发,吸热的,并且是由系统总体熵的增加所驱动。FTIR和XPS结果表明,Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附过程主要是通过羧基的螯合实现,而MB的吸附则通过氢键和静电相互作用发生。吸附选择性实验表明,PVA/SA/KHA/MMT对MB和Pb(Ⅱ)具有较高的吸附选择性。经过5次循环使用后,凝胶球对MB和Pb(Ⅱ)仍表现出较高的去除率。     

聚乙烯亚胺改性蔗渣纤维素/蒙脱土复合球的制备及对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附

以甘蔗渣纤维素（SBC）和蒙脱土（Mt）为原料，碳酸钙为致孔剂，通过简单凝固浴法制备PEI-SBC/Mt复合小球。采用FTIR、SEM、XRD等对所制备的球形吸附剂结构进行了表征，并系统研究了该吸附剂对模拟废水中的镉离子Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附行为。结果表明，拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型能够准确描述吸附过程，在温度为25 ℃、pH=6、Cd(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度为600 mg/L时PEI-SBC/Mt对Cd(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量为234.3mg/L ，表明吸附过程是单分子化学吸附，PEI的加入为吸附剂吸附Cd(Ⅱ)提供了更多的活性位点。此外，吸附剂具有可重复使用性，经过5次循环吸脱附后，其吸附量只由原有的94%降至79.8%。     

海藻酸钠/聚乙烯亚胺复合材料对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

以海藻酸钠和聚乙烯亚胺为原料,制备海藻酸钠/聚乙烯亚胺(SA/PEI)复合材料,研究其对水中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附去除性能。系统研究了各因素对SA/PEI吸附Pb(Ⅱ)效果的影响。结果表明,SA/PEI对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量与Pb(Ⅱ)初始浓度正相关,在360 min达到吸附平衡。吸附过程符合拟二级动力学和Langmuir等温吸附模型。在303.15 K时,Langmuir等温吸附模型拟合得到的最大吸附量为316.46 mg/g。第6次使用的SA/PEI对Pb(Ⅱ)仍表现出较好的去除效果。     

含氮大分子吸附剂的制备及其对Cd(II)的吸附

利用三聚氯氰的温度梯度反应活性,在较低温度下,用多乙烯多胺与三聚氯氰进行亲核取代反应,合成出一种以三嗪环为连接点的不溶含氮大分子颗粒吸附剂(N-MGA),并将其用于去除水体中的Cd(Ⅱ).通过元素分析、FTIR和SEM对N-MGA进行表征,同时对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附进行吸附动力学、等温吸附模型拟合和吸附机理进行研究,考察了溶液pH对Cd(Ⅱ)吸附性能的影响、吸附剂的吸附-解吸再生循环性能及结构稳定性.结果表明,该吸附剂对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附机理是利用吸附剂氨基上氮的孤对电子与Cd(Ⅱ)的配位络合作用进行吸附,且吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温线模型,最大吸附量可达539.1 mg/g,且对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附较为容易,吸附能力较强;在Cd(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度为3636.5和70.0 mg/L时,对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附率分别可达97.5％和99.9％,且10次吸附-解吸再生循环中吸附率维持在97.0％～98.2％,解吸率均在97.6％以上,吸附剂回收率均在92.0％以上.     

海藻酸钠改性铝污泥功能球吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的研究

以铝污泥(AlS)和海藻酸钠(SA)为主要原材料,经过溶胶-凝胶法制备海藻酸钠改性铝污泥(SA-AlS)功能球,研究了温度、pH、初始浓度、吸附时间对Cu(Ⅱ)吸附过程所产生的影响。结果表明,SA-AlS功能球在Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附过程中最佳pH为5.5,吸附平衡时间为24 h,吸附过程为自发、吸热、熵增的过程,吸附等温线拟合结果表明,SA-AlS功能球对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附行为更符合Langmuir模型,表明该吸附过程主要涉及单层吸附;拟一级和拟二级动力学模型研究表明,该吸附过程与拟二级动力学模型更符合,故SA-AlS功能球对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附过程主要由化学吸附控制。吸附饱和的SA-AlS功能球可以用EDTA-2Na溶液很好地脱附,5次吸附-脱附后仍保持较好的吸附活性。     

PVA/KHA/GG多孔水凝胶的制备及吸附性能研究

为解决染料和重金属离子污染问题,以丙烯酸(AA)为单体,聚乙烯醇(PVA)、腐植酸钾(KHA)和瓜尔胶(GG)为原料,KPS为引发剂,MBA为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备出一种具有多孔结构的PVA/KHA/GG水凝胶。借助FTIR、XRD及SEM对该水凝胶结构进行表征测试。考察了PVA、KHA、GG、KPS和MBA用量及聚合温度等因素对水凝胶去除MB和Pb(Ⅱ)的影响,并对其吸附动力学进行了研究。结果表明,当PVA为15 g, KHA分别为0.2 g和0.3 g, GG分别为10 g和15 g, KPS为0.08 g, MBA为0.04 g,聚合温度为65℃时,水凝胶对MB和Pb(Ⅱ)吸附量达最大。水凝胶对MB和Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学较符合准二级动力学方程。     

PVA/KHA/GG多孔水凝胶的制备及吸附性能研究

为解决染料和重金属离子污染问题,以丙烯酸(AA)为单体,聚乙烯醇(PVA)、腐植酸钾(KHA)和瓜尔胶(GG)为原料,KPS为引发剂,MBA为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备出一种具有多孔结构的PVA/KHA/GG水凝胶.借助FTIR、XRD及SEM对该水凝胶结构进行表征测试.考察了PVA、KHA、GG、KPS和MBA用量...     

C-S-H凝胶对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附固化作用

以分析纯Ca(NO3)2·4H2O、Na2SiO3·9H2O、Pb(NO3)2为原料,通过溶液反应法,制备纯净的C-S-H凝胶和掺杂Pb的C-S-H凝胶,研究了C-S-H凝胶在形成过程中对Pb的吸附固化作用及掺杂Pb后C-S-H凝胶的结构变化.结果表明,可溶铅盐由2％增至6％时,C-S-H凝胶对Pb均有良好的吸附固化作用,俘获Pb总量增大.XRD图谱发现掺杂Pb的C-S-H凝胶,其主峰位置发生偏移,出现明显的Ca(OH)2衍射峰.红外测试表明含Pb C-S-H凝胶硅氧四面体的链接方式发生变化,Q2伸缩振动峰向低波数方向偏移,Q1伸缩振动峰吸收强度增加.     

碳包覆MnFe_2O_4(MnFe_2O_4@C)纳米球的制备及其对重金属离子[Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)]的去除

以FeCl_3·6H_2O与Mn(CH_3COO)_2·4H_2O为原材料,用乙二醇作为溶剂,通过简易的水热方法制备出MnFe_2O_4纳米球;然后以葡萄糖作为碳源制备出MnFe_2O_4@C复合材料。所制备材料的形貌和微观结构经过SEM和TEM表征,其表征结果显示MnFe_2O_4@C复合材料的形貌是直径约为200~300 nm的微球,且一层厚度约为3~5 nm的碳层均匀的包覆在MnFe_2O_4微球的表面。同时还探究了MnFe_2O_4@C复合材料对水溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能。实验结果表明,当溶液pH为8时,MnFe_2O_4@C磁性吸附剂对Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)的去除效率分别达到了93.9%和98.2%;此外,MnFe_2O_4@C磁性吸附剂的再生性能研究结果显示,在循环使用三次以后,MnFe_2O_4@C吸附剂对Cu(Ⅱ),Pb(Ⅱ)的去除效率仍然可以达到80%和90%以上,相比于首次使用,其去除效率只有轻微的降低。     

皮胶原纤维固化单宁膜的制备及其对水溶液中铅和汞的吸附

重金属离子工业废水的处理是环境保护的重要课题．处理的方法有化学沉淀、离子交换与吸附、生化及膜分离等．对于低浓度重金属离子废水的处理,通常采用吸附法,活性炭和树脂是常用的两类吸附材料．近年来,工农业固体废弃物及天然生物质的吸附性能引起了研究者广泛的关注,废革屑、微生物、树皮等用于水体中金属离子的吸附已有许多报道．     

载药蒙脱石/海藻酸钠凝胶球的制备和释放性能

以离子交换方式将硫酸氢氯吡格雷插入蒙脱石层间,再用海藻酸钠包衣得到凝胶球。利用XRD、FTIR进行表征以及体外释放实验检测缓释效果。结果表明,硫酸氢氯吡格雷成功地插入蒙脱石层间,蒙脱石的层间距由1.25 nm增大到1.48 nm;体外释放实验显示在1 h内载药凝胶球的累积释放量为12.9%,表明载药蒙脱石/海藻酸钠凝胶球能明显的减少药物突释,因此可将它作为硫酸氢氯吡格雷的缓释载体。     

乙酸乙烯酯接枝改性海藻酸钙凝胶微球

为了降低海藻酸钙凝胶微球的溶胀度,以乙酸乙烯酯（VAc)对海藻酸钠进行自由基接枝共聚,进而制备具有较低溶胀度的聚乙酸乙烯酯改性海藻酸钙(Ca-SA-PVAc)凝胶微球。红外光谱表明,改性之后海藻酸钙的分子上生成新的化学键;热重分析表明,改性微球受热失水行为发生变化,热稳定性提高;扫描电镜表明,改性微球结构孔隙结构发达;接枝反应条件如反应温度、VAc的浓度、引发剂用量、海藻酸钠浓度、钙离子浓度及反应时间等对改性凝胶微球在生理盐水中的抗溶胀性具有不同程度的影响。通过改变反应条件以控制接枝反应参数,可以获得溶胀行为可控的改性海藻酸钙凝胶微球。     

High strength and toughness of double physically cross-linked hydrogels composed of polyvinyl alcohol and calcium alginate

The weak mechanical properties of hydrogels, especially physically cross-linked hydrogels are usually a major factor to hinder their application. To solve this problem, in this work, we prepared a high strength and toughness of double physically cross-linked (PDN) hydrogels composed of crystalline domain cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Ca²⁺-cross-linked alginate (Alg). With a further annealing treatment, the noncovalent cross-linked network via the formed crystalline promote the as-prepared PDN PVA/Alg hydrogel to exhibit well mechanical properties with the tensile strength of ~1.94 MPa, elongation at break of ~607% and Young's modulus of ~0.45 MPa (above 70 wt% of water content). By analyzing the mechanism of improving the hydrogel mechanical properties, it is found that annealing can effectively improve the crystallinity of PVA in the hydrogel, and then greatly improve the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. This provides a general method for improving the mechanical properties of PVA PDN hydrogels. In addition, the PDN PVA/Alg hydrogel was also proved to have good ionic conductivity of 1.70 S m⁻¹. These desirable properties make the prepared physically cross-linked hydrogels promising materials for medical and biosensing fields.     

海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇溶液的性能及静电纺丝

将质量分数为2%的海藻酸钠(SA)与质量分数为8%的聚乙烯醇(PVA)按一定体积比混合后进 行静电纺丝,研究了SA与PVA溶液的相容性及SA/PVA共混溶液性能.结果表明:SA与PVA溶液相容;随着PVA含量的增加,SA/PVA共混溶液的粘度、表面张力、电导率则降低,共混溶液的可纺性提高;静电纺丝得到的SA/PVA超细...     

Nano-curcumin/graphene platelets loaded on sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol fibers as potential wound dressing

Innovative composites of biopolymers and nanomaterials have been exploited to fabricate wound dressings which show functional abilities to improve different stages of wound healing by a variety of mechanisms. In this study, a polymeric nanocomposite dressing is fabricated by electrospinning of a blend of sodium alginate (SA), poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and graphene nanoplatelets (Gnp). The crosslinking of the nanofibers is done by thermal treatment followed by ionic bonding of the fibers. The crosslinked fibers are loaded by curcumin, a natural potent anti-inflammatory compound, encapsulated in monomethoxy poly ethylene glycol-oleate micelles/polymersomes (NCur). Results indicate that by incorporation of Gnp and NCur into the SA/PVA scaffold the tensile strength is not changed (~7 MPa) but the elongation to break and toughness of the scaffolds significantly increase from 11.25±2.6 and 50.56 to 35.5±5.1% and 125.9 Jm^-3, respectively. The scaffolds support the controlled release of curcumin for 24 h in vitro. Biocompatibility of the scaffolds has been confirmed by cell viability assay on mouse fibroblast cells. Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential applications of the spun fibers for wound dressing purposes.     

海藻酸钠-聚乙烯醇共固定化细胞脱除燃料油中的有机硫

从孤岛油田油浸土壤中筛选得到能降解二苯并噻吩(DBT)的红平红球菌DS-3, 对其进行了固定化研究.选取海藻酸钠(SA〖DK〗)-聚乙烯醇(PVA)为包埋固定化载体, 以1 mmol·L^-1二甲基亚砜培养菌体, 固定化最佳操作条件为4℃交联, 8%PVA和2%SA混合, 细胞在胶液中的浓度为0.1 g·ml^-1, 氯化钙含量为2%,此时固定化细胞不但具有良好的脱硫性能, 而且脱硫重复性好, 其寿命可以达到250 h以上.固定化细胞在3次循环后能使模拟柴油中的DBT含量从0.5 mmol·L^-1降至0.011 mmol·L^-1, 总脱硫率达到93％, 平均脱硫效率约为0.225 mg DBT· (g DCW)^-1·h^-1.同样条件下能将精制柴油的硫含量由340 mg·L^-1降到42 mg·L^-1, 总脱硫率为87.64%.DS-3能利用醇类、饱和的C₈～C₁₅脂肪烃, 但不能利用环烷烃、芳香烃、小于C₈或大于C₁₅的脂肪烃, DS-3优先利用碳源的顺序是乙醇、葡萄糖和烷烃.脱硫前后的精制柴油经GC-FID分析证实, 固定化细胞对C—S键具特异性, 不降低柴油的热值.     

Controlled release of naproxen from sodium alginate and poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate blend beads crosslinked with glutaraldehyde

In this study, polymeric beads of sodium alginate (NaAlg) and its blend with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (2.5% v/v) and hydrochloric acid (3% v/v) for the release of naproxen sodium (NS). The prepared beads were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and pictures of the beads were determined with an optic microscope. The release studies were carried out at three pH values (1.2, 6.8, and 7.4) for 2 h. The effects of the preparation conditions, including the PVA/NaAlg (w/w) ratio, drug/polymer (w/w) ratio, and time of exposure to the crosslinker, on the release of NS were investigated for 10 h at 37°C. The release of NS decreased with the PVA/NaAlg (w/w) ratio and drug/polymer ratio increasing. At the end of 10 h, the highest release of NS was found to be 84% for the 1/2 PVA/NaAlg (w/w) ratio. The swelling measurements of the beads supported the release results. The release kinetics were described with Fickian and non‐Fickian approaches. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Controlled release of insecticide carbaryl from sodium alginate,sodium alginate/gelatin,and sodium alginate/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose blend beads crosslinked with glutaraldehyde

Interpenetrating network polymeric beads of sodium alginate (NaAlg) and its blend with gelatin (gels) or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) have been prepared by crosslinking with a common crosslinking agent, glutaraldehyde (GA), for the release of insecticide carbaryl (Carb). The prepared beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the spherical nature and surface morphology of the particles. Bead characteristics, such as carbaryl entrapment efficiency, particle size, equilibrium swelling degree, and carbaryl release kinetics, were determined. The effects of the preparation conditions, such as Carb/NaAlg ratio, time of exposure to GA, blend ratio, and temperature of release medium on the carbaryl release, were investigated for 25 days at 25°C. It was observed that the carbaryl release decreased with increase in crosslinking of network, while it increased with increase in Carb/NaAlg ratio and temperature. The release of carbaryl also increased with increase in Gel or NaCMC content in the blend beads. The highest carbaryl release was found to be 100%, for the beads that were prepared with 1 : 1 NaAlg/Gel at 16 days. The diffusion coefficients have been calculated for the transport of insecticide through the polymeric beads, using initial time approximation method. These values were also consistent with the carbaryl release data. The carbaryl release from most of the bead formulations followed the Fickian trend. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1310–1319, 2006