含砷难处理金矿提金工艺的研究现状

含砷金矿是典型的难处理金矿资源,也是我国金矿资源的重要组成部分。介绍了焙烧氧化、细菌氧化、浮选分离、非氰浸出等工艺,并评述了各工艺的优缺点及其适用性,在此基础上总结了含砷金矿提金工艺的发展方向和研究重点。     

某含硫高碳难处理金矿工艺研究

高硫、高碳难处理金矿是目前常见的金矿资源,对传统浸出工艺带来巨大挑战。针对某企业的含硫高碳金矿,在工艺矿物学的基础上,了解自然金的富存状态,采用“浮选+焙烧+浸出”工艺处理该金矿。试验结果表明,在浮选阶段当磨矿细度-200目占比80%时,以硫酸铜为活化剂,丁基黄药+丁铵黑药作捕收剂时,得到Au品位25.31g/t、Au回收率91%的精矿。再将精矿在600℃环境中焙烧1h,浸出剂绿金30g/t,浸出液pH=12-13,液固比8的条件下浸出36h,精矿中金的浸出率达到89.38%,显著提高金的浸出率。为此类型难处理金矿提供借鉴。     

某难处理金矿的工艺矿物学和提取冶金学研究

采用常规氰化、氰化渣再磨-氰化、超细磨-预处理-氰化三种工艺处理甘肃某高硫高砷难处理金精矿,发现金浸出率随着精矿粒度的减小而逐渐升高,从直接氰化的55~59%到再磨后的68.3%,超细磨后达到82.39%。通过工艺矿物学分析氰化渣的物相可知,细磨可以使部分硫化矿包裹的金解离,使其得以被氰化,超细磨可以使大部分硫化矿包裹打开,石英包裹的金在三种工艺下都不能被浸出。     

Mineralogical characteristics and treatment of refractory gold ores

Refractory gold ores and concentrates are characterised by low gold recoveries and high cyanide consumptions when subjected to direct cyanide leaching. Therefore an oxidation pretreatment step is required before cyanidation that will break up the sulphide lattice and render gold particles accessible to cyanide ions. The main three options for the treatment of refractory ores and concentrates include the traditional oxidation roasting, the modern pressure oxidation and the bacterial oxidation which is still at an advanced experimental stage. The present work focuses on the mineralogical factors influencing the refractoriness of gold, the main characteristics and developments of each process and provides economic comparative data from various operations worldwide. Environmental considerations are also briefly discussed.     

浅谈含砷金矿提金前的预处理工艺及合理选择

对含砷金矿难浸的原因和预处理的必要性，以及用干法和湿法预处理工艺处理含砷金矿的现状等进行了论述，并提出了合理选择含砷金矿预处理工艺的看法     

从含碲金矿中综合回收金、银、碲的试验研究

针对某矿山含碲金矿原矿和碱浸预处理后样品,进行了工艺矿物学检测,分别明确了样品中矿石的元素成分、矿物组成及矿物嵌布特征、目标元素赋存状态、目标矿物的粒度分布等情况。研究结果表明,原矿中存在碲金矿,在浸出过程中影响金的浸出率;通过碱浸预处理工艺可将碲金矿氧化,改善金的浸出效果;原矿中细粒级矿物在碱浸过程中被氧化分解为微细粒矿物;碱浸过程中黄铁矿和碲金矿被氧化释放了其中金矿物。说明碱浸对碲金矿预处理效果明显,对含碲金矿石工艺流程的制定具有指导意义。     

云南某金精矿氰化浸出试验研究

云南某金精矿工艺矿物学研究表明,该矿石为含金氧化矿—石英脉型岩金矿。金品位为38.23 g/t,银品位为28.82 g/t,金银可以一起进行综合回收,铜、砷、锑等杂质元素含量不高,碳含量较高,它的存在将会对金、银的浸出带来不利影响。试验结果表明,采用直接氰化搅拌浸出可以获得金浸出率为93.12%的良好指标。     

川西某金矿选矿试验探索

对川西某金矿的矿石特征进行了研究,在此基础上进行了全泥氰化试验和单一浮选试验。全泥氰化浸渣金品位为0.46 g/t,浸出率为87.5%,另外矿石中金属硫化物较多,且金的粒度细小,有碍于氰化的砷矿物含量较高,不利于金矿物的提取。相对而言,单一浮选工艺流程更适合该金矿床,原矿金品位为3.86 g/t,经过一次粗选、两次精选、两次扫选,获得的精矿金品位为65 g/t,金回收率91.7%。     

Diagnostic pre-treatment procedure for simultaneous cyanide leaching of gold and silver from a refractory gold/silver ore

This study investigates the optimization of simultaneous dissolution of gold and silver from a refractory gold ore through determination of pre-treatment stages. Based on the mineralogical studies (thin layer and polished section) and chemical analysis on the ore sample, a “diagnostic leaching” procedure was designed. Results from diagnostic leaching suggest that the most effective pre-treatment agents for gold and silver are ferric chloride and sulfuric acid media, respectively. Optimum conditions for the simultaneous dissolution of gold and silver were determined using a two factorial design technique. Pre-treatments with sulfuric acid and ferric chloride reagents increased the efficiency of the dissolution of gold from 54.7% to 82% and silver from 37.4% to 81.6%.     

某铜金精矿焙烧-酸浸-氰化综合回收金铜工艺研究

对吉林某浮选铜金精矿进行了焙烧-酸浸-氰化浸出综合回收金、铜的试验研究。焙烧的最佳焙烧条件为：焙烧温度550 ℃, 焙烧时间1.5 h。焙砂硫酸浸出的最佳条件为：酸浸温度75 ℃, 酸浸时间4 h, 初酸浓度40 g/L, 液固比4。氰化浸金的最优条件为：氰化钠初始浓度3‰, 氰化时间24 h, 液固比2。试验结果表明, 该工艺技术指标较好, 金、铜浸出率分别为99.06%和97.63%。     

Fungal pretreatment of sulfides in refractory gold ores

This study assessed the capability of the fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, to decompose pyrite, arsenopyrite and a sulfide-containing flotation concentrate in an effort to develop a microbial process for pretreating refractory gold ores. The extent of biotransformation was monitored by analyzing for iron, sulfur and arsenic in incubation solutions, and for sulfide sulfur in the residual solids. The results were then expressed as percentages of the initial weights. For arsenopyrite, 1.5 wt.%, 7.2 wt.% and 10.3 wt.% of iron, arsenic and sulfur respectively were present as soluble constituents in the incubation solution within 21 days of fungal treatment, whereas for pyrite, there was 1.2 wt.% iron and 6.0 wt.% sulfur. For the same processing period in the case of the flotation concentrate, 1.8 wt.%, 6.1 wt.% and 10.7 wt.% respectively of iron, arsenic and sulfur remained in solution. Overall, the decomposition of sulfide sulfur in the samples was 15 wt.%, 35 wt.% and 57 wt.% respectively for pyrite, arsenopyrite and the flotation concentrate. Changes in sulfide sulfur concentration and the formation of oxide phases during fungal treatment were confirmed using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. These results suggest that P. chrysosporium is a potential microorganism for oxidative decomposition of metal sulfides associated with refractory gold ores.     

含铜金矿氰化浸金回收过程中铜的行为

对含铜金矿石进行氰化浸出试验,探索铜在金浸出—吸附回收过程中的影响。结果表明,铜矿物的存在增加Na CN的消耗,降低金的浸出率,造成回收率下降。在堆浸喷淋过程中,铜矿物先溶解,后期铜离子被吸附,喷淋液[CN-]浓度大于200×10-6时,矿石中的铜被浸出;当[CN-]浓度低于200×10-6时,溶液中铜离子在堆场中被吸附。在活性炭吸附过程中,活性炭对铜离子吸附取决于溶液[CN-],低配位数的铜氰络合物离子比高配位数的铜氰络合物离子更容易在活性炭上吸附,活性炭吸附铜后会降低金的吸附性能。     

The effect of non-sulphide gangue minerals on the flotation of sulphide minerals from Carlin-type gold ores

Flotation pre-concentration of sulphide and gold values from certain Carlin-type deposits characterised as double-refractory gold ores is quite challenging. Numerous studies conducted on these ores in many laboratories globally (including the present study) under a variety of chemical and physical conditions have merely confirmed low recovery (and poor concentrate grades) for sulphide minerals and gold, and poor separation between sulphide minerals and carbonaceous matter, even when the valuable minerals are adequately liberated. None of the traditional reasons based on liberation or the choice of chemical and physical conditions and separation strategies could provide satisfactory explanation for the observed poor separation.In this study, the focus was on the role of non-sulphide gangue (NSG) minerals. It was hypothesised that specific NSG minerals have a detrimental effect on flotation recovery of gold bearing minerals and their separation selectivity. In order to test this hypothesis and delineate the effect of the various gangue minerals, a new approach was taken. This involved first isolating the various mineral components of a double-refractory gold ore from one of the Carlin-type deposits using a gravity separation technique. Then flotation experiments were performed using a mixture design on various mixtures of these isolated components under controlled conditions. The results of these mixture experiments supported the hypothesis and demonstrated, for the first time for these types of ores, that even small amounts of NSG minerals, especially carbonaceous matter and clays, had a large adverse effect on the flotation of sulphides and selectivity of separation. While it is tempting to attribute the observed effects solely to slime coating, there is no basis to do so at this stage; it is more reasonable to propose that multiple contributions exist. The results of this study provide the much-needed context and direction for further fundamental studies and for developing processing strategies.     

难处理金矿石预处理提金铜研究

本文对某难处理金精矿进行了焙烧预处理提金铜工艺试验研究。结果表明,在600℃下进行两段焙烧,浸出温度80℃,pH=1.0的条件下浸出90min,铜的浸出率可达79.62%,对酸浸渣进行两段氰化试验,金的浸出率达91.86%。     

化学氧化预处理难浸金矿研究进展

化学预氧化法指通过添加化学试剂的方式对矿石进行预氧化的技术,具有操作条件温和、氧化速度快、设备和生产投资费用较低、环境污染小等优点,在处理难浸金矿方面有很好的发展前景。本文分别介绍了硝酸预氧化法、碱性预氧化法和电化学强化电极法三种化学预氧化技术以及其在工业中的应用情况。     

难处理金矿热压氧化工艺研究

本试验以国内某超细微难处理金矿为研究对象,开展酸性热压氧化工艺研究;分析了温度因素对硫化矿物氧化、元素迁移和金氰化浸出等的影响。试验结果表明,通过温度变化可影响黄铁矿和砷黄铁矿氧化反应速率,进而对S、Fe和As元素的迁移状态产生影响。反应温度越高黄铁矿和砷黄铁矿氧化越彻底,有利于金的氰化浸出;完全氧化后金的浸出率约为94%。浮选金精矿中的黄铁矿、砷黄铁矿逐渐氧化转变为砷酸铁盐、铁砷硫硅等多元素共沉物质,未发现有碱式硫酸铁或铁矾物相,反应生成的各种沉淀产物对浸出率无显著影响。      

某金矿全泥氰化浸出试验

为给甘肃某金矿的高效开发利用提供技术依据,在工艺矿物学研究和探索性试验基础上,对全泥氰化浸出工艺的技术参数进行了研究。结果表明,采用全泥氰化浸出工艺,磨矿粒度、石灰用量以及浸出时间等因素对金浸出率影响最为显著。在原矿细磨至-38μm含量占75%,石灰作为保护碱,用量为2kg/t;氰化钠用量为2kg/t以固体方式添加;矿浆浓度为25%,即液固比为3:1;浸出4小时,可获得金浸出率为88.22%,银浸出率为93.24%。对浸渣进行分析表明,微细粒的包裹金是制约金浸出率的主要因素。     

某金矿难选尾矿工艺矿物学分析

某石英脉型金矿,原矿金品位为7.62g/t,通过重选+浮选的联合选矿工艺选别后,其尾矿中金品位为0.75g/t,总回收率在90.50%左右。为进一步研究尾矿中金的可回收价值,开展工艺矿物学研究,以查明影响金在选别过程中流失的矿物学因素。通过工艺矿物学自动分析仪（BPMA）,扫描电镜（SEM-EDS）,XRD等对尾矿开展工艺矿物学检测分析。结果表明：尾矿中的金矿物主要为自然金,偶见银金矿;金矿物主要以与脉石裸露连生的形式存在;其次包裹于脉石矿物中;还有少量为单体;另有少量以次显微金的形式分布于磁黄铁矿为主的硫化物中;金矿物的粒度极其微细,基本都分布于10μm以下,且有近一半分布于5μm以下。损失的金矿物主要以与脉石连生的形式存在,且粒度十分微细,通过再磨-浮选进一步回收的难度较大,裸露金含量超过60%,可采用堆浸对金回收,以提高金的回收率。     

On gold extraction from rebellious ores

The paper generalizes research findings on application of chemical additives to stage-by-stage processing of rebellious gold-bearing ores. The designed stages of gold extraction intensification are the controlled mineral alteration by preparation, use of conventional and specific collecting agents to prepare mineral surface to sorption to intensify flotation, creation of selective collecting agents, and cyanation optimization by introducing additional oxidation agents. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 2, pp. 102–109, March–April, 2009.     

Study of cryogenic disintegration of gold-quartz ores to intensify the heap leaching of gold

It is shown how the airy and nival conditions of cryogenic eolation affect the structural changes and weakening of gold-qnartz sulfide ores under cyclic exposure to frost-penetration and thaw. It is revealed that leaching of ores after cryogenic eolation in the nival conditions and additional pretreatment is more intensive, by 25%, than leaching of ores that were not prepared by cryogenic eolation. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 1, pp. 102–110, January–February, 2006.