NBR／SBS复合材料的导电性能

用炭黑填充ＮＢＲ／ＳＢＳ制备导电复合材料。研究了复合材料的电阻率随温度变化的特性讨论了炭黑填充率,炭黑性质以及ＳＢＳ对复合材料电阻率－温度特性的影响。     

导电硅橡胶的拉敏特性及导电机理研究

研制了炭黑填充的导电硅橡胶。对炭黑填充的导电硅橡胶的电阻随炭黑含量及拉力变化的特性进行了详细研究，并确定了最佳炭黑含量，同时对其电阻值的弛豫过程及其电阻随拉力的变化关系等实验结果作出比较合理的理论模型解释。     

导电橡胶的制备研究

通过在乙烯－醋酸乙烯酯（EVA）共聚物、EPDM和EVA－EPDM（50：50）并用胶混入导电炭黑已制备出导电橡胶。研究了这些胶料的导电和物理性能。在填充炭黑的橡胶中，导电性的极限依赖于材料相容性和粘度以及橡胶的极性。电阻率随温度升高而减小，导电活化能随填充剂填充的增加而减小。电阻率与温度的依赖关系可能与由差动扫描量热法（DSC），X－射线散射（XRD）和动力学热分析（DMTA）测量的数据相关。在加热－冷却周期中，观察到电的流向（electrical set)和电的滞后。还报道了电阻率随施加的压力而变化。     

填料组成和温度对导电橡胶性能的影响

由不同比例的短碳纤维和导电炭黑填充的丁腈橡胶复合材料，对其电性能和机械性能进行研究。结果表明：纤维能提供电荷远距离传递，炭黑改善纤维间接触以及增强聚合物基体和提高材料的机械性能。复合材料的导电性随填料组成中短纤维浓度的增加而提高，而机械性能却变差。     

并用导电橡胶

通过把导电炭黑混入乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)共聚物、乙烯-丙烯-二烯单体(EPDM)三聚物、以及配比为50：50的EVA-EPDM并用胶中制备了导电橡胶。该文研究了这些复合材料的电性能和机械性能。要提高填充橡胶中的导电率，渗透极限不仅取决于橡胶的粘度和极性，而且还取决于其兼容性。电阻率随温度的上升而下降，传导活化能随填充剂量的增加而降低。电阻率与温度的关系可能与来自差示扫描量热法、X射线衍射和动态机械热分析等测定的数据相互关联。在加热-冷却循环期间观察到电凝和电滞。另外，文中还报道了电阻率随外加压力的变化而变化的情况。     

基于纳米导电炭黑和碳纤维材料的柔性拉伸传感材料响应特性的研究

导电硅橡胶作为敏感材料具有良好的柔韧性和电阻变形特性。以聚二甲基硅氧烷橡胶为基材,通过加入导电材料纳米炭黑、碳纤维,制备了炭黑/PDMS、碳纤维/PDMS复合柔性导电材料,研究了材料的微观形态、渗流过程特性和拉伸-电阻率变化响应特性,以及材料微观结构变化与电阻特性的构效关系。结果表明,复合材料的渗流阈值为4%、用量超过12%后,复合材料的体积电阻率变化减小。复合材料的质量分数为12%时,炭黑/PDMS体积电阻为10-0.55Ω·m,碳纤维/PDMS体积电阻率为100.82Ω·m。炭黑/PDMS复合材料对拉伸形变具有优良的响应特性,体积电阻变化率对伸长率的响应灵敏度可达266.7。碳纤维/PDMS复合材料的灵敏度低于炭黑/PDMS灵敏度,材料对拉伸形变均有十分迅速的响应速度,且性能稳定。炭黑/PDMD材料响应值Δρ/ρ约为碳纤维/PDMD材料的4倍,是良好的传感器材料。     

炭黑橡胶体系热物性影响因素研究

用激光导热分析仪测试3种炭黑填充橡胶复合材料的热物性,探索其影响规律,包括热扩散系数、导热系数和定压比热容随温度、炭黑用量以及炭黑种类的变化规律。结果表明,温度对于3种胶料的热物性影响不大;炭黑用量对热物性有较明显的影响,热扩散系数和导热系数均随填充量的增加而增大,而定压比热容则随填充用量的增加而减小;炭黑的品种对于复合材料的热物性有一定的影响。乙炔炭黑橡胶体系呈现优良的热物性。     

改性碳纳米管在不同补强填充体系丁腈橡胶中的应用研究

研究改性碳纳米管（CNTs）在碳酸钙、白炭黑、炭黑N330补强填充体系丁腈橡胶（NBR）中的应用。结果表明：随着改性CNTs用量增大,碳酸钙补强填充体系和白炭黑补强填充体系NBR的MH－ML逐渐增大,t90缩短;炭黑N330补强填充体系NBR的MH－ML增大,t90延长;3种补强填充体系NBR的硬度、100%定伸应力、撕裂强度逐渐增大,碳酸钙补强填充体系NBR的拉伸强度提高,白炭黑补强填充体系和炭黑N330补强填充体系NBR的拉伸强度稍有降低;碳酸钙补强填充体系和白炭黑补强填充体系NBR的表面电阻率（ρs）和体积电阻率（ρv）变化较小,变化规律不明显;炭黑N330补强填充体系NBR的ρs和ρv较小,导电效果较好;3种补强填充体系NBR的导热性能均有所提高,炭黑N330补强填充体系胶料的热扩散率最大。     

填充型NBR/EPDM导电复合材料的研究

研究了石墨/炭黑填充的NBR/EPDM导电复合材料力学性能、动态力学性能和压阻、温阻特性。结果表明,随NBR用量的减少,复合材料拉伸强度、撕裂强度和拉断伸长率均降低;与纯胶相比,填料在NBR/EPDM中分散性变差,复合材料Payne效应和损耗因子都增大。电阻率测试结果表明,NBR/EPDM并用胶电阻率明显低于纯胶;恒温下其电阻率随压力的增大先减小后增大;恒压下其电阻率随温度的升高而减小;NBR/EPDM并用比不同时,复合材料电阻率随压力、温度的变化趋势不尽相同。     

四种导电炭黑的性能研究

本文研究了四种具有不同结构度（吸油值）和孔隙度（吸碘值）的导电炭黑对ＮＲ硫化胶物理机械性能及导是性能的影响。实验结果表明，ＮＲ填充ＣＳＦ导电炭黑后，硫化胶的物理机械性能相对最好，导电性能明显优于填充等量ＡＣＥＴ之ＮＲ硫化胶，面稍逊于ＮＪＦ和ＩＮＦ导电炭黑，实现发现，用不同改性剂为黑改性后，可使硫化胶强伸性能明显提高，而导电性能稍有下降。ＣＳＦ等导电炭黑不仅适宜制造复合型导电高分子材料，而且已成功用     

Mechanical and tribological performance of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber/carbon black/cryptocrystalline graphite composites

In this study, cryptocrystalline graphite (CG) was investigated as a novel functional filler for acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR)/carbon black (CB) composites. NBR/CB/CG composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that NBR/CB/CG-10 increased by 18.2%, 11.0%, and 10.0% in tensile strength, 300% tensile modulus and tear strength, respectively compared with NBR/CB. Uniform filler dispersion and stronger interfacial interaction contributed to enhancing the mechanical property of NBR/CB/CG composites. It was revealed that the small particle size, rough surface, and defective structure of CG facilitated its exfoliation and intercalation. In addition, the tribological performance of NBR/CB/CG composites was tested on a ring-on-block wear tester under dry sliding conditions. The friction coefficient and specific wear rate of NBR/CB/CG-5 reduced by 50.3% and 51.4%, respectively through the formation of fine lubrication and transfer films. CG enhanced the thermal stability, mechanical, and tribological performance of NBR composites simultaneously and the results of this work proved that CG would be a cost-effective and resource-available functional filler especially suitable for rubber seal application.     

The Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber (NBR) Composite with Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) and Silica or Carbon Black

The properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) composites were studied at five different compositions of NBR/HNTs/Silica or NBR/HNTs/CB (i.e., 100/5/0, 100/4/1, 100/3/2, 100/2/3, 100/0/5 parts per hundred rubber (phr)). The tensile strength and modulus (M100) of both composites decreased, whereas elongation at break increased and maximum torque with increasing the silica or carbon black content. However, both composites show opposite trends for cure time and scorch time, where NBR/HNTs/Silica composite exhibited an increasing trend, while NBR/HNTs/CB composite shows the decreasing trend. The rubber-filler interaction studies showed that carbon black is a more reinforcing filler than silica.     

Impact of graphene oxide nanoparticles and carbon black on the gamma radiation sensitization of acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber seal materials

Seals prepared from acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) are primarily used in nuclear services. Nevertheless, at relatively high ionizing radiation doses, NBR seal materials may undergo radiation-induced degradation processes, leading to adverse effects on the sealing ability life. Herein, to strengthen the functional characteristics of NBR seals against radiation, graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and ultraviolet/visible spectroscopies. Various NBR/GO composites fabricated with different ratios of GO nanoparticles and in the presence or absence of carbon black (CB) were investigated via cross-linking density, scanning electron microscopy, XRD, FTIR, and mechanical and thermal stability analyses. The synergistic effect of the simultaneous presence of GO and CB on the NBR seal sensitization to gamma radiation up to a dose of 1 MGy was studied. The physicomechanical properties were enhanced by adding GO nanosheets up to 3 phr and by incorporating 35 phr of a CB with GO until 5 phr. Further, the application of γ-irradiation resulted in an overall enhancement in the mechanical, physical, and thermal stability of the prepared composites up to 0.5 and 1 MGy with GO nanosheets in the absence or presence of CB particles, respectively. The mechanical measurements indicated significant increments by loading with GO nanosheets in the absence and presence of CB as well as by irradiation. The tensile strength elevated up to about 121%, 336%, and 366% by adding 3 phr GO, 3 GO:35 CB phr, and 5 GO:35 CB phr, respectively.     

Effect of nanostructures of modified clay–carbon black on physico‐mechanical,electrical, and acoustic properties of elastomer‐based composites

Elastomeric composites based on nitrile rubber (NBR), carbon black (CB), and organically modified nanoclay (NC) were prepared using a laboratory two‐roll mixing mill. Influences of the hybrid filler system (CB+NC) on various properties of NBR compound were analyzed. It was found that the addition of hybrid filler (CB+NC) over only carbon black enhances various properties. It was also found that the addition of nanoclay to the rubber matrix effectively improved key properties. Acoustics and electrical properties were modified with reduced water absorption because of layered clay platelets. The lower volume resistivity of NBR composites reflected better electrical conductivity attributed to the presence of nanoclay leading to effective filler connectivity. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements revealed that nanoclays were mostly intercalated and were uniformly dispersed. Use of calcium stearate facilitated dispersion of nanoclay in the rubber matrix which was observed through the formation of nanostructures including “nano” and “halo” units. Time temperature superposition in dynamic mechanical analysis test of the composites indicated lower mechanical loss in the frequency range of interest. The advantages accruing due to overall property enhancement, including lower water absorption, and better electrical and excellent acoustic properties of NBR composites make it suitable as underwater acoustic transparent materials for transducer encapsulation application. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:1786–1796, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Preparation and properties of a novel bio‐based and non‐crystalline engineering elastomer with high low‐temperature and oil resistance

A series of poly(succinic acid/sebacic acid/itaconic acid/butanediol/propanediol) bio‐based and non‐crystalline engineering elastomers (BEE) were obtained by changing the molar ratio of succinic acid (SA) to sebacic acid (SeA) from 5:5 (BEE‐5) to 8:2 (BEE‐8). We prepared bio‐based engineering elastomer composites (BEE/CB) by mixing BEE with carbon black N330. The low‐temperature and oil resistance properties of the BEE/CB composites were investigated in terms of low‐temperature brittleness, coefficient of cold resistance under compression, oil resistance test at different temperatures, and tensile properties. The results showed that the low‐temperature brittleness temperature of the BEE/CB composites ranged from ?50 to ?60°C and the coefficient of cold resistance under compression was 0.18 high at ?60°C for BEE‐7/CB and 0.23 high at ?40°C for BEE‐8/CB. The oil resistance properties of BEE‐7/CB were higher than those of nitrile‐butadiene rubber N240S (NBR N240S), and the oil resistance properties of BEE‐8/CB were even as high as those of nitrile‐butadiene rubber N220S (NBR N220S). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 132, 42855.     

Investigation of electrically conductive acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber

Electrically conductive acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubbers (NBRs) containing carbon black (CB) as conductive filler were prepared in order to investigate their electrical and mechanical properties. The effects of conductive CB loading, temperature, acrylonitrile content, crosslinking density of vulcanizates, and plasticizer on conductivity were studied. The change in electrical conductivity of NBRs with different amounts of CB showed that there is a certain critical point (percolation threshold) where a significant decrease in electrical resistivity (increase in conductivity) is observed. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation to break, and surface hardness of vulcanized NBRs were measured. It was found that the percolation threshold was 5 phr of CB for the NBR/CB composites. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 13:71–75, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

炭黑复合导电高分子材料成型加工研究进展

概述了导电高分子材料的分类和性能特点，以及炭黑复合导电高分子材料的导电特性与机理。介绍了炭黑预处理。炭黑与基体混合，高分子材料加工方法及工艺条件等对炭黑复合导电高分子材料性能影响的国内外研究进展，总结了材料加工现有的技术难点。     

UHMWPE对有机PTC复合材料的稳定作用

利用传统的熔融－混合方法制备碳黑填充的聚丙烯（PP）／超高分子质量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）复合材料,当P／UHMWPE质量比大于3／7时,碳黑填充PP／UHMWPE复合物的正温度系数（PTC）和负温度系数（NTC）效应类似于碳黑填充的纯PP聚合物,但当质量比等于或小于3／7时,复合物所表现的PTC效应非常相似于碳黑填充充的纯UHMWPE聚合物,在复合物中采用粘度非常高的聚合物作为一种组分可以有效消除NTC效应。     

EFFECT OF FIBER REINFORCEMENT ON THERMAL STABILITY AND SWELLING BEHAVIOR OF CR/NBR BLENDS

The effect of type, length, and denier of fibers on the thermal stability and swelling behavior of chloroprene/butadiene–acrylonitrile rubbers (CR/NBR) composites was investigated. The results reveal that Nylon 6 fibers improved mechanical properties, thermal stability, and swelling resistance in toluene of 50/50 CR/NBR blends. Of all fiber types investigated, the viscose fiber CR/NBR composite has the best swelling resistance in motor oil, whereas the polyester (PET) fiber composite has the best swelling resistance in brake fluid. The effect of Nylon 6 fiber loading up to 30 phr was tested in terms of mechanical properties of the composites and swelling in toluene and oils. Also, the reinforcement of white-filled blends were examined. Nylon 6 fiber loadings (15–30 phr) showed promising results, and the white-filled Nylon 6 composites showed a significant reinforcement with regard to mechanical properties and thermal stability.     

Nitrile rubber/sliding graft copolymer damping material with significantly improved strength and damping performance

Nitrile rubber (NBR)/sliding graft copolymer (SGC) composites with significantly improved strength and damping property are successfully prepared. SGC is a novel kind of supramolecular material with sliding crosslink junctions. The micromorphology analyses of NBR/SGC composites indicate that the SGC phase with particle size less than 500 nm is fairly uniformly dispersed in the NBR matrix. As SGC content increases, the loss factors (tan δ) of NBR/SGC composites increase gradually. Specifically, the tan δ of NBR/SGC (100/40) is about 1.2 times higher than that of pristine NBR rubber. The tensile strength and elongation at break of NBR/SGC composites are unexpectedly improved after the addition of SGC. The significantly improved damping performance and tensile strength can be ascribed to the pulley effect of SGC and the strong interfacial hydrogen bonds between SGC and NBR. The high damping performance and good mechanical strength make the NBR/SGC composite a promising high-performance damping material. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47188.