6－甲氧基正丁苯酞在大鼠肝微粒体中的代谢研究

报道了用ＧＣ／ＭＳ方法及衍生化技术研究６甲氧基正丁苯酞（ＭＢＰ）在大鼠肝微粒体中的代谢转化结果。６甲氧基正丁苯酞在苯巴比妥（ＰＢ）诱导的大鼠肝微粒体中主要转化为３羟基、γ羟基取代物，６羟基正丁苯酞与一个环氧化代谢产物     

氯代正丁苯酞在大鼠肝微粒体中的代谢研究

用大鼠肝微粒体体外温孵方法进行了氯代正丁苯酞(CBP)代谢转化研究,优化了温孵体系的组成,建立了反相HPLC-DAD在线同时分离检测CBP及其4个体外代谢产物的分析方法,并比较了在苯巴比妥(PB)与3-甲基胆蒽(3-MC)诱导的微粒体中代谢差别。利用TLC、柱色谱与制备HPLC分离纯化了3个主要代谢产物,并进行了NMR,MS,UV等光谱鉴定,确定了其主要代谢产物为γ-羟基氯代正丁苯酞与β-羟基氯代正丁苯酞及它们的立体异构体。     

6-甲氧基正丁苯酞的体内代谢转化研究

大鼠用6-甲氧基正丁苯酞(MBP)灌胃,收集0～24h尿液,经酶水解、提取浓缩、衍生化处理后用GC/MS分析。在大鼠0～24h尿液中,6-甲氧基正丁苯酞原药含量很低,主要以代谢物形式存在,依次为C-6脱甲基产物、C₃-C_α环氧化物、γ-羟化物、β-羟化物以及两个次级代谢产物。6-甲氧基正丁苯酞体内代谢结果与其在肝微粒体中代谢结果基本一致。     

6－甲氧基正丁苯酞的体内代谢转化研究

大鼠用６－甲氧基正丁苯酞（ＭＢＰ）灌胃，收集０～２４ｈ尿液，经酶水解、提取浓缩、衍生化处理后用ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析。在大鼠０～２４ｈ尿液中，６－甲氧基正丁苯酞原药含量很低，主要以代谢物形式存在，依次为Ｃ－６脱甲基产物、Ｃ３－Ｃα环氧化物、γ－羟化物、β－羟化物以及两个次级代谢产物。６－甲氧基正丁苯酞体内代谢结果与其在肝微粒体中代谢结果基本一致。     

双环醇在大鼠和人肝微粒体的代谢

目的研究参与双环醇代谢的主要药物代谢酶及代谢动力学参数，分离鉴定双环醇代谢产物。方法双环醇与大鼠和人肝微粒体进行温孵，以高效液相色谱、质谱、核磁共振技术检测并分离鉴定双环醇及其代谢产物。结果双环醇在地塞米松诱导大鼠肝微粒体中的代谢速率显著高于正常大鼠肝微粒体，酮康唑可显著抑制双环醇的代谢。双环醇主要代谢产物为:4-羟基-4′-甲氧基-6-羟甲基-6′-甲氧羰基-2，3，2′，3′-双亚甲二氧基联苯和4-甲氧基-4′-羟基-6-羟甲基-6′-甲氧羰基-2，3，2′，3′-双亚甲二氧基联苯。结论双环醇在大鼠和人肝微粒体的主要代谢产物为4-羟基-4′-甲氧基-6-羟甲基-6′-甲氧羰基-2，3，2′，3′-双亚甲二氧基联苯和4-甲氧基-4′-羟基-6-羟甲基-6′-甲氧羰基-2，3，2′，3′-双亚甲二氧基联苯，细胞色素P450 3A主要参与双环醇代谢。     

硝克柳胺在大鼠和人肝脏的体外代谢研究

研究硝克柳胺在大鼠肝微粒体和胞浆中的代谢动力学，鉴定硝克柳胺在大鼠和人肝微粒体中的主要代谢产物及参与代谢的药物代谢酶。采用高效液相色谱-紫外检测(HPLC-UV)方法测定大鼠肝微粒体和胞浆中硝克柳胺浓度，应用选择性抑制剂鉴定参与硝克柳胺代谢的药物代谢酶类型，采用液相色谱-串联质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)法分离鉴定硝克柳胺在大鼠和人肝微粒体中的主要代谢产物。硝克柳胺在大鼠和人肝微粒体的主要代谢产物(M₁)为硝基还原产物［3-(3′-羧基-4′-羟基苯胺羰基)-6-氨基-7-羟基-8-甲基香豆素］，大鼠体内(血浆、尿液、胆汁及肝组织)主要代谢产物与M₁一致。硝克柳胺的体外代谢是依赖多个药物代谢酶参与的酶促反应，包括微粒体CYP450还原酶、细胞色素b₅还原酶和CYP2C6以及胞浆NAD(P)H脱氢酶和黄嘌呤氧化酶。     

蓝萼甲素在大鼠体内外的代谢转化

目的研究蓝萼甲素在大鼠体内外的代谢转化。方法采用大鼠肝微粒体体外温孵法,研究对蓝萼甲素的代谢转化。采用RP-HPLC法同时分离检测蓝萼甲素及其体外代谢产物。结果用液-液萃取、制备HPLC法,从大鼠胆汁中分离了一个代谢产物,经质谱分析推测结构为羟基化蓝萼甲素,并采用HPLC-MS连用,分析了肝微粒体体外温孵样品中的代谢产物,推测了蓝萼甲素的可能代谢转化途径。结论蓝萼甲素在大鼠肝微粒体和胆汁中可被代谢转化,主要代谢产物为羟基化蓝萼甲素。     

左旋一叶碱的代谢转化

目的研究一叶碱［securinine,(-)SE］在大鼠体内外的代谢转化。方法采用大鼠肝微粒体体外温孵法对(-)SE的代谢转化进行了研究,优化了代谢体系,建立了反相HPLC法同时分离检测(-)SE及其体外代谢产物的分析方法。用液液萃取,制备TLC及半制备HPLC分离纯化了4个代谢产物并进行了光谱鉴定。在此基础上,建立了生物体液中(-)SE及其代谢物的反相HPLC分析方法,并用该法检测了ip给药后大鼠的胆汁、尿样及其经β-葡糖醛酸苷酶水解后的样品。结果代谢物分别鉴定为6-位羟基,6-位羰基及5-位α及β羟基取代的(-)SE,还证实了体内6-位羟基代谢物进一步形成了二相结合型产物。结论基本阐明(-)SE在大鼠体内外代谢转化的途径。     

左旋一叶萩碱的代谢转化

目的　研究一叶碱 [securinine ,( - )SE]在大鼠体内外的代谢转化。方法　采用大鼠肝微粒体体外温孵法对 ( - )SE的代谢转化进行了研究 ,优化了代谢体系 ,建立了反相HPLC法同时分离检测 ( - )SE及其体外代谢产物的分析方法。用液液萃取 ,制备TLC及半制备HPLC分离纯化了 4个代谢产物并进行了光谱鉴定。在此基础上 ,建立了生物体液中 ( - )SE及其代谢物的反相HPLC分析方法 ,并用该法检测了ip给药后大鼠的胆汁、尿样及其经 β 葡糖醛酸苷酶水解后的样品。结果　代谢物分别鉴定为 6 位羟基 ,6 位羰基及 5 位α及 β羟基取代的 ( - )SE ,还证实了体内 6 位羟基代谢物进一步形成了二相结合型产物。结论　基本阐明 ( - )SE在大鼠体内外代谢转化的途径     

苯环喹溴铵在大鼠肝微粒体中的代谢转化研究

目的:建立检测大鼠肝微粒体中苯环喹溴铵代谢产物的方法,验证其在大鼠体内的代谢途径。方法:采用大鼠肝微粒体体外温孵法,建立液相色谱-质谱法测定并分析肝微粒体中苯环喹溴铵及其代谢物。色谱及质谱条件如下:色谱柱为TSK-gelODS-80Ts,流动相为甲醇-40mmol·L-1的乙酸铵水溶液(含0.1%甲酸)梯度洗脱;正离子模式,扫描型离子检测。结果:在体外代谢系统中,根据质谱碎片信息检测出6个代谢产物,分别是苯环喹溴铵的二羟基、单羟基和氧化产物。结论:建立的液相色谱-质谱法能够准确灵敏地测定大鼠肝微粒体中苯环喹溴铵的代谢产物,验证了在大鼠体内苯环喹溴铵的代谢部位在环戊烷基上。     

New compounds, 6-hydroxykarahanaenone and 10-hydroxykarahanaenone,from biotransformation of karahanaenone by CYP2A6

The in vitro biotransformation of karahanaenone was examined in cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6. The biotransformation of karahanaenone by CYP2A6 was investigated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Karahanaenone was found to be oxidized to two metabolites by CYP2A6. In order to produce large quantity of metabolites by CYP2A6, the biotransformation of karahanaenone by Salmonella typhimurium OY1002/2A6 was investigated. Similarly, two metabolites were confirmed by GC and GC–MS. The structure of metabolites was determined by 1D NMR, 2D NMR, and infrared, as a result there were new compounds, (6R)-hydroxykarahanaenone and 10-hydroxykarahanaenone.     

Phthalides in the essential oil from roots of Levisticum officinale

The composition of the phthalide mixture of the essential oil from roots of LEVISTICUM OFFICINALE K OCH was investigated. The phthalide mixture was analyzed by combining separation methods - GLC, LSC and TLC - and subsequently using spectroscopic methods - IR, MS and NMR. E- and Z-butylidenephthalide, E- and Z-ligustilide, senkyunolide and validene-4,5-dihydrophthalide were found to be present; ISOsenkyunolide and propylidenephthalide were tentatively identified. The influence of the isolation procedure on the composition of the phthalide mixture was tentatively studied by comparison of mixtures isolated by solvent extraction and hydrodistillation respectively.     

豆叶九里香挥发油化学成分的研究

The essential oil from the branches and leaves of Murraya euchrestifolia Hayata was examined by GC, fractional distillation, column chromatography and GC/MS. Two main components were isolated from the essential oil by using fractional distillation and column chromatography on silica ogel and were identified as limonene (56.10%) and perillaldehyde (34.10%) respectively by IR, NMR and MS spectra. Seven other components were isolated in small amounts and identified as n-propyl-benzene, aromadendrene, elemol, 1-keto-4-hydroxy-decalin, 1-cycloheptyl-1-methyl-ethanol, myrtenal and eicosane.In addition, another seven compounds in this essential oil were identified as α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, pulegone, perillylalcohol, dihydrocarveyl acetate and cis-carveyl acetate.     

Detection and metabolic investigations of a novel designer steroid: 3‐chloro‐17α‐methyl‐5α‐androstan‐17β‐ol

In 2012, seized capsules containing white powder were analyzed to show the presence of unknown steroid‐related compounds. Subsequent gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) investigations identified a mixture of 3α‐ and 3β‐ isomers of the novel compound; 3‐chloro‐17α‐methyl‐5α‐androstan‐17β‐ol. Synthesis of authentic reference materials followed by comparison of NMR, GC‐MS and gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐MS/MS) data confirmed the finding of a new ‘designer’ steroid. Furthermore, in vitro androgen bioassays showed potent activity highlighting the potential for doping using this steroid. Due to the potential toxicity of the halogenated steroid, in vitro metabolic investigations of 3α‐chloro‐17α‐methyl‐5α‐androstan‐17β‐ol using equine and human S9 liver fractions were performed. For equine, GC‐MS/MS analysis identified the diagnostic 3α‐chloro‐17α‐methyl‐5α‐androstane‐16α,17β‐diol metabolite. For human, the 17α‐methyl‐5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol metabolite was found. Results from these studies were used to verify the ability of GC‐MS/MS precursor‐ion scanning techniques to support untargeted detection strategies for designer steroids in anti‐doping analyses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Identification of the absorbed components and metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of Rhizoma Chuanxiong decoction by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS

An HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was established to identify the absorbed components and metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of Rhizoma Chuanxiong decoction (RCD), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. By comparing the extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) obtained from dosed rat plasma, blank rat plasma and RCD, a total of 25 compounds were detected in dosed rat plasma. Among them, 13 compounds were absorbed into rat plasma in prototype and identified as ferulic acid, senkyunolide J, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide D or 4,7-dihydroxy-3-butylphthalide, senkyunolide F, senkyunolide M, senkyunolide Q, senkyunolide A, E-butylidenephthalide, E-ligustilide, neocnidilide, Z-ligustilide, levistolide A, according to the retention times, UV, MS, MS/MS spectra. In addition, 12 conjugated metabolites including 6 senkyunolide I-related metabolites, 4 senkyunolide J-related metabolites and 2 butylidenephthalide-related metabolites were also detected and identified by comparing their MS, MS/MS spectra with that of corresponding original components. Conjugated with glutathione, cysteine, glucuronic acid and sulphuric acid were the main metabolic reactions of phthalides. Finally the in vivo metabolic pathways of chemical constituents of Chuanxiong in rat plasma were proposed in this study.     

One new ergostane-type steroid and three new phthalide derivatives from cultures of the basidiomycete Albatrellus confluens

One new ergostane-type steroid, (12β,15β,22R,23S,24S)-22,25-epoxy-12,15,23-trihydroxyergost-4,6,8(14)-trien-3-one (1), three new phthalide derivatives, 5-(2′,3′-epoxy-3′,3′-dimethylpropoxy)-7-methoxy-6-methylphthalide (2), (2′)-(Z)-5-(3′-hydroxymethyl-3′-methylallyloxy)-7-methoxy-6-methylphthalide (3), and 5-(3′,3′-dimethylallyloxy)-7-hydroxy-6-methylphthalide (4), along with one known phthalide derivative, 5-(3′,3′-dimethylallyloxy)-7-methoxy-6-methylphthalide (5), were isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Albatrellus confluens. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data (IR, MS, 1D, and 2D NMR) analyses. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities on five tumor cell lines.     

Metabolism of the tryptamine‐derived new psychoactive substances 5‐MeO‐2‐Me‐DALT, 5‐MeO‐2‐Me‐ALCHT,and 5‐MeO‐2‐Me‐DIPT and their detectability in urine studied by GC–MS,LC–MSn,and LC‐HR‐MS/MS

Many N,N‐dialkylated tryptamines show psychoactive properties and were encountered as new psychoactive substances. The aims of the presented work were to study the phase I and II metabolism and the detectability in standard urine screening approaches (SUSA) of 5‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐N,N‐diallyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐2‐Me‐DALT), 5‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐N‐allyl‐N‐cyclohexyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐2‐Me‐ALCHT), and 5‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐N,N‐diisopropyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐2‐Me‐DIPT) using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), liquid chromatography coupled with multistage accurate mass spectrometry (LC–MSⁿ), and liquid chromatography‐high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐HR‐MS/MS). For metabolism studies, urine was collected over a 24 h period after administration of the compounds to male Wistar rats at 20 mg/kg body weight (BW). Phase I and II metabolites were identified after urine precipitation with acetonitrile by LC‐HR‐MS/MS. 5‐MeO‐2‐Me‐DALT (24 phase I and 12 phase II metabolites), 5‐MeO‐2‐Me‐ALCHT (24 phase I and 14 phase II metabolites), and 5‐MeO‐2‐Me‐DIPT (20 phase I and 11 phase II metabolites) were mainly metabolized by O‐demethylation, hydroxylation, N‐dealkylation, and combinations of them as well as by glucuronidation and sulfation of phase I metabolites. Incubations with mixtures of pooled human liver microsomes and cytosols (pHLM and pHLC) confirmed that the main metabolic reactions in humans and rats might be identical. Furthermore, initial CYP activity screenings revealed that CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 were involved in hydroxylation, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 in O‐demethylation, and CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 in N‐dealkylation. For SUSAs, GC–MS, LC‐MSⁿ, and LC‐HR‐MS/MS were applied to rat urine samples after 1 or 0.1 mg/kg BW doses, respectively. In contrast to the GC–MS SUSA, both LC–MS SUSAs were able to detect an intake of 5‐MeO‐2‐Me‐ALCHT and 5‐MeO‐2‐Me‐DIPT via their metabolites following 1 mg/kg BW administrations and 5‐MeO‐2‐Me‐DALT following 0.1 mg/kg BW dosage. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

当归中新的二聚苯酞衍生物

目的深入研究中药当归Angelica sinensis的化学成分。方法用硅胶柱色谱法和光谱分析法分离和鉴定化学成分。结果除3个已知的苯酞类结构外，从当归中又分离到1个新的二聚苯酞衍生物和一对几何异构体，经光谱分析鉴定其结构分别为Z-3′,8′,3′a,7′a-四氢-6,3′,7,7′a–二聚藁本内酯-8′-酮(1)、Z,Z′-6,6′,7,3′a-二聚藁本内酯(2)和2的8位几何异构体(3)。结论化合物1为新的二聚苯酞类衍生物，3为首次从当归中鉴定的二聚苯酞类衍生物。     

Power of Orbitrap‐based LC‐high resolution‐MS/MS for comprehensive drug testing in urine with or without conjugate cleavage or using dried urine spots after on‐spot cleavage in comparison to established LC–MSn or GC–MS procedures

Reliable, sensitive, and comprehensive urine screening procedures by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) with low or high resolution (HR) are of high importance for drug testing, adherence monitoring, or detection of toxic compounds. Besides conventional urine sampling, dried urine spots are of increasing interest. In the present study, the power of LC–HR–MS/MS was investigated for comprehensive drug testing in urine with or without conjugate cleavage or using dried urine spots after on‐spot cleavage in comparison to established LC–MSⁿ or GC–MS procedures. Authentic human urine samples (n = 103) were split in 4 parts. One aliquot was prepared by precipitation (UP), one by UP with conjugate cleavage (UglucP), one spot on filter paper cards and prepared by on‐spot cleavage followed by liquid extraction (DUSglucE), and one worked‐up by acid hydrolysis, liquid–liquid extraction, and acetylation for GC–MS analysis. The 3 series of LC–HR–MS/MS results were compared among themselves, to corresponding published LC–MSⁿ data, and to screening results obtained by conventional GC–MS. The reference libraries used for the 3 techniques contained over 4500 spectra of parent compounds and their metabolites. The number of all detected hits (770 drug intakes) was set to 100%. The LC–HR–MS/MS approach detected 80% of the hits after UP, 89% after UglucP, and 77% after DUSglucE, which meant over one‐third more hits in comparison to the corresponding published LC–MSⁿ results with ≤49% detected hits. The GC–MS approach identified 56% of all detected hits. In conclusion, LC–HR–MS/MS provided the best screening results after conjugate cleavage and precipitation.