人胚胎期表皮干细胞与汗腺发生过程关系的研究

目的探讨表皮干细胞与胚胎期汗腺发生过程中的相关性,为诱导表皮干细胞向汗腺细胞定向分化奠定基础.方法分别取13～31周胚龄人胎儿背部全层皮肤,行常规组织学观察,并以免疫组织化学染色法(SP法),动态观察汗腺原基细胞、汗腺胚芽细胞及汗腺细胞对β1整合素与细胞角蛋白-19(K19)的表达特征.以细胞角蛋白-8(K8)免疫组化染色阳性为汗腺发生及成熟的鉴定标准.结果不仅汗腺原基细胞、汗腺胚芽细胞表达β1整合素与K19,成熟的汗腺细胞亦有表达,并持续存在于汗腺发生全过程.K8始于14～16周在汗腺芽细胞内表达,并持续存在.结论汗腺于胚龄14～16周开始发生,至第24周基本成熟.胚胎期汗腺发生过程中,表皮干细胞是汗腺发生的源泉.     

皮肤干细胞在胎皮中分布的免疫组织化学研究

目的 采用免疫组织化学方法研究不同时期胚胎皮肤中的干细胞，分析皮肤干细胞的形态、分布特点及发育过程中在胎儿皮肤中的迁徙、增殖分化特征，探讨皮肤干细胞与皮肤发生发育的关系。方法 不同发育时期胎儿皮肤，取材、固定、制成石蜡切片，SP法检测整合素-β1、角蛋白19（K19）、K14、K10和PCNA的表达。结果 胚胎发育期可见整合素-β1阳性的细胞在基底层散在分布。随胎龄增加，整合素-β1表达减弱，表达范围减小。同时，胚胎发育的不同阶段K19均在表皮基底层强烈表达。表皮分层期后，K14阳性细胞从基底层向上延伸至亚基底层。而K10作为表皮终末分化细胞的标志，主要分布在表皮的中层和外层。此外，在毛囊发育过程中，胎皮表皮嵴的细胞相互聚集成团，形成毛囊初级原基，表达整合素-β1、K19、K14及PCNA为阳性。随着毛囊的形成、成熟，皮肤干细胞主要聚集在与表皮相延续的外根鞘、毛囊隆突部及毛母质，表达整合素-β1、K19、K14和PCNA为阳性。结论 （1）皮肤的发生、发育与角蛋白的程序性改变密切相关；（2）毛囊的发生、发育受到毛乳头的诱导作用。毛囊成熟期后，皮肤干细胞主要迁移至与表皮相延续的外根鞘、毛囊隆突部及毛母质等处。此外，还发现毛乳头及其周围组织内分布着单核样细胞表达整合素-β1、K19和K14为阳性。     

压应力对表皮干细胞增殖与分化的影响

目的：初步观察压应力对表皮干细胞增殖分化的影响。方法：以大鼠的皮肤扩张动物模型为在体观察对象;4、8、12kPa的压应力予体外培养的大鼠表皮干细胞进行间歇加压（每天3次,每次2h,共1周）为离体观察对象。利用免疫组化染色、免疫荧光双染、细胞克隆形成率等技术与方法检测β1整合素、角蛋白19（K19）、角蛋白14（K14）、角蛋白10（K10）、α6整合素、CD71的表达特征,以及压应力对表皮千细胞增殖分化的影响。结果：组织学观察显示,扩张皮肤的表皮层明显增厚;表皮层的β1整合素、K19、K14阳性细胞数量于扩张的第5天开始增多,至15d达峰值后下降,扩张完成后20d趋于正常;棘层和颗粒层不仅可见上述阳性细胞,且出现α6整合素^bri／CD71^dim细胞的表达。体外培养的表皮干细胞,8kPa、12kPa的压应力作用1周后,细胞克隆形成率分别为48．67％、49．36％,明显高于4kPa组（23．17％）与对照组（23．00％）,8kPa、12kPa组可见K10阳性细胞表达。结论：表皮干细胞具有压应力敏感性,适当的压应力可诱导表皮干细胞增殖与分化。     

汗腺发生过程中几种细胞外基质成分变化规律的组化研究

目的探讨胚胎期皮肤汗腺发生过程中主要胞外基质成分的变化规律,为诱导表皮干细胞向汗腺细胞分化奠定基础.方法分别取13～31周胚龄胎儿背部全层皮肤,以免疫组织化学染色法(S-P法),动态观察汗腺胚芽细胞或汗腺细胞及其周围局部基质对基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶-7(MMP-7)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、纤连蛋白(FN)、细胞角蛋白-7(K7)表达情况.结果MMP-2、MMP-7在14～20周于汗腺细胞及其周围局部基质表达逐渐加强,20～22周达峰值,此后MMP-2、MMP-7表达减弱,同期LN、FN表达主要位于基底膜及汗腺芽周围基质,并呈进行性下降趋势,20～22周达最低值,此后则逐渐回升;K7始于14～16周在汗腺芽细胞内表达,并持续存在.结论汗腺于胚龄14～16周开始发生,至第24周基本成熟;汗腺的发生与MMP-2、MMP-7、LN、FN有选择性的表达变化,提示局部MMP-2、MMP-7介导的基质分解与汗腺形态发生中所要求的局部胞外基质变化上起重要作用.     

不同发育阶段人皮肤β1整和素及细胞角蛋白K19表达特征及其与创面修复结局关系的研究

严重烧创伤等所致皮肤损伤后的愈合能力随着人年龄的增大而逐渐降低,其原因涉及多方面,其中表皮细胞增殖分化潜能的改变可能是其重要原因之一.由于皮肤中β1整和素及细胞角蛋白K19仅在具有增殖与分化潜能的表皮干细胞和短暂扩充细胞上表达,本研究利用β1整和素和细胞角蛋白K19单抗,观察人胚胎期、幼儿期、成人期皮肤中表皮干细胞和短暂扩充细胞分布、数量的差异,并探讨这种差异特征与创面表皮再生能力随年龄降低的关系.分别取23～24周龄胎儿、4～10周岁幼儿、35～51岁三组全层皮肤.取材后即刻10％甲醛固定,常规石蜡包埋,切片5μm待用.采用免疫组织化学SP法,β1整和素和细胞角蛋白K19单抗分别购自Neo Markers和Maxim Biotech公司.β1整合素细胞膜染成棕黄色为阳性细胞,角蛋白细胞浆染成棕黄色为阳性细胞,同时设不加一抗的阴性对照.结果显示在胎儿期皮肤表皮基底层细胞β1整和素及角蛋白K19染色均为阳性,毛囊隆突部细胞β1整和素及角蛋白K19表达也均为阳性.幼儿期表皮基底层细胞中有部分细胞表达β1整和素及角蛋白K19,阳性细胞并非散在均匀分布,而是数个阳性细胞相对集中呈片状分布,β1整和素与角蛋白K19的表达规律相似.成年人表皮基底层中表达β1整和素及角蛋白K19的细胞也呈片状分布,阳性细胞率较幼儿组低,且染色强度较弱.本实验结果提示,胎儿期表皮基底层均为表皮干细胞和短暂扩充细胞,毛囊隆突部也含有大量的表皮干细胞和短暂扩充细胞,而幼儿期表皮基底层中仅有部分细胞为干细胞和短暂扩充细胞,成人期干细胞及短暂扩充细胞所占的比例则进一步降低.这可能与胎儿期皮肤的损伤在结构上能够完全修复,包括皮肤附件如毛囊、汗腺等也能完全再生,以及临床中幼儿皮肤损伤后再上皮化能力较成人强的现象有关.     

表皮细胞生长因子通过诱导皮肤干细胞分化加速受创表皮再生的研究

目的：从皮肤干细胞增殖分化角度研究表皮细胞生长因子（EGF）加速受创皮肤再生的机制。方法：8例经EGF治疗创面于治疗后8天及14天对创面边缘部进行活检取材。用常规病理与SP免疫组织化学法研究β1整合素、角蛋白19（K19）、角蛋白14（K14）以及角蛋白10（K10）在不同修复阶段修复表皮的表达特征。另选研究β1整合素、角蛋白19（K19）、角蛋白14（K14）以及角蛋白10（K10）在不同修复阶段修复表皮的表达特征。另选7例同期未经EGF治疗创面为对照。结果：常规病理学检查与对照创面相比，EGF治疗创面后8天可见表皮层增厚，表皮脚增粗，治疗后14天以上特征更为明显。SP免疫组织化学对β1整合素与K19染色表明，EGF治疗8天的创面表皮干细胞与短暂扩充细胞不仅数量多，而且体积增大，治疗后14天创面面生表皮的棘细胞层中有干细胞岛出现。对照治疗后8天与14天创面除有一定数量的β1整合素与K19阳性染色细胞外，未见干细胞岛出现，在EGF治疗和对照治疗创面，治疗后8天及14天，K16、K10表达均见于再生上皮的表层，即那些已失去增殖能力与终末分化细胞。结论：EGF促进损伤皮肤再生的主要机制之一可能与它能诱导皮肤干细胞快速定向分化有关。     

人表皮干细胞的体外分离培养和鉴定

目的:探讨人表皮干细胞的体外快速分离培养及鉴定方法。方法:中性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶两步法从手术切除的人包皮组织中分离表皮层和真皮层,并获得表皮单细胞悬液,采用Ⅳ型胶原铺板选择性粘附、分离和角质形成细胞无血清培养基(K-SFM)培养表皮干细胞。倒置显微镜下观察培养细胞的生长状况,检测细胞克隆形成率,免疫组化染色观察表皮干细胞标志物β1整合素和角蛋白19(K19)的表达;以角质形成细胞作为对照。结果:组织学观察显示,培养24h后细胞呈克隆状生长;所分离、培养细胞的克隆形成率高于对照角质形成细胞组;免疫组化染色显示,培养细胞β1整合素及Kl9均呈阳性表达。结论:运用Ⅳ型胶原粘附结合K-SFM培养可以实现人表皮干细胞的体外快速分离和培养。     

成人正常皮肤和瘢痕组织表皮干细胞定位与表达特征的研究

目的：观察成人正常皮肤和瘢痕组织中表皮干细胞定位与β1整合素和角蛋白19、14、10（K19、K14、K10）的表达，探讨两种组织表皮干细胞表达特征的差异。方法：取6例大面积深度烧伤患伤后1年的增生性瘢痕组织，另取6例健康志愿对应部位的全层皮肤。采用免疫组织化学Eivision两步法，检测表皮干细胞、短暂扩充细胞特异表达的β1整合素和K19以及分化表皮细胞表达的K14和K10。结果：瘢痕组织表皮基底层表达β1整合素与K19的阳性细胞数较正常皮肤明显减少，阳性强度降低，其表皮中表达K14的阳性细胞仅位于表皮底部2－3层，而K10表达阳性细胞则较正常皮肤分布广泛；瘢痕组织皮肤的分化过程亦不相同，处于有丝分裂后分化阶段的细胞比例降低，而终末分化细胞的比例明显增高。结论：瘢痕组织表皮的修复能力下降。细胞的分化行为紊乱，可能是导致瘢痕组织表皮结构与功能改变、愈合能力下降的原因之一。     

成人正常皮肤和瘢痕组织表皮干细胞定位与表达特征的比较研究

目的采用免疫组织化学染色方法研究成人正常皮肤和瘢痕组织表皮干细胞定位与表达β1整合素和角蛋白19,14,10(K19,K14,K10)的特征与规律,探讨两种组织表皮干细胞表达特征的差异与烧伤后瘢痕愈合的关系.方法分别取成年人健康皮肤6例和大面积深度烧伤后瘢痕组织6例.采用免疫组织化学Elivision两步法检测表皮干细胞、短暂扩充细胞特异表达的β1整合素和K19以及分化表皮细胞表达的K14和K10.结果瘢痕组织表皮基底层表达β1整合素与K19的阳性细胞数较健康皮肤明显减少,阳性强度降低.瘢痕组织表皮中表达K14的阳性细胞仅位于表皮底部2～3层,明显少于健康皮肤,而K10表达阳性细胞则较健康皮肤分布广泛.结论瘢痕组织表皮基底层干细胞和短暂扩充细胞明显少于健康皮肤,且瘢痕组织表皮干细胞的分化过程与健康皮肤不同,处于有丝分裂后分化阶段的细胞比例降低,而终末分化细胞的比例明显增高.提示瘢痕组织表皮的修复能力下降,细胞的分化行为紊乱,这可能是瘢痕组织表皮结构与功能改变、愈合能力下降的原因之一.     

正常皮肤和瘢痕组织表皮干细胞定位与增殖分化特征的比较性研究

目的采用特殊染色法研究少儿与成年人大面积重度烧伤后瘢痕组织表皮干细胞分布与表达β1整合素和角蛋白19、14、10(K19,K14,K10)的特征与规律,在此基础上确定表皮干细胞及短暂扩充细胞分布、数量的差异以及这些改变与瘢痕愈合关系.方法分别取4～12岁少儿及35～53岁成年人2组健康皮肤及大面积深度烧伤后瘢痕组织.采用免疫组织化学SP法检测表皮干细胞、短暂扩充细胞特异表达的β1整合素和K19以及分化表皮细胞表达的K14和K10.结果瘢痕组织表皮基底层表达β1整合素与K19的阳性细胞数较健康皮肤明显减少,阳性强度降低.瘢痕组织表皮中表达K14的阳性细胞仅位于表皮底部2～3层,明显少于健康皮肤,而K10表达阳性细胞则较健康皮肤分布广泛.结论瘢痕组织表皮基底层具有增殖能力的表皮干细胞和短暂扩充细胞明显少于健康皮肤,且瘢痕组织表皮干细胞的分化过程与健康皮肤不同,处于有丝分裂后分化阶段的细胞比例降低,而终末分化细胞的比例明显增高.提示瘢痕组织表皮的增殖能力下降,细胞的分化行为紊乱,这可能是瘢痕组织表皮结构与功能改变、愈合能力下降的原因之一.     

Epidermal stem cells are the source of sweat glands in human fetal skin: Evidence of synergetic development of stem cells, sweat glands, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases

The development of sweat glands is a complex biological process, and the extent of cellular trafficking between epidermal stem cells and the development of sweat glands is uncertain. Therefore, we studied the synergetic development effects of stem cells, sweat glands, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human skin. Human fetal skin was obtained from spontaneously aborted fetuses at 11-31 weeks of gestation. Paraffin sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin or immunostained with antibodies against beta(1) integrin, keratin (K)-19 and K7, MMP-2 and -7, and epidermal growth factor. In situ hybridization was used along with semiquantitative analysis of the positive expression of these proteins to analyze for mRNA expression of MMP-2 and -7. Histological studies revealed the fetal epidermis began to form a primary epidermal ridge at gestational age 13-14 weeks and these primordial basal cells became tightly packed to take the form of multiple hillocks between 14 and 16 weeks. Furthermore, these cells gave rise to chord-like columnar buds in the embryonic epidermis, and these buds gradually migrated downward into the dermis to form juvenile sweat glands at 18-20 weeks. Mature sweat glands were found in the fetal epidermis at the end of 24 weeks. beta(1) integrin and K19 immunoreactivities were first detected in those cells that gathered together to form primary epidermal ridges, including sweat gland cords, buds, and immature sweat gland cells. The positive immunostaining for K7 appeared in early sweat gland buds at 14-16 weeks, and from then on K7 was concentrated in developing sweat gland cords or cells. At 14-16 weeks, positive epidermal growth factor, MMP-2, and MMP-7 expression was first observed weakly in developing sweat gland buds. The immunoreactivity of these proteins was then gradually increased in the developing sweat gland buds and extracellular stroma from 14 to 20 weeks. The intensity of the positive signal peaked at 20-22 weeks of gestational age. After that, the intensity of immunostaining for MMP-2 and MMP-7 proteins was gradually weakened. However, the expression of epidermal growth factor did not show an apparent decrease. These results suggest that epidermal stem cells are the source of sweat glands. Epidermal growth factor is one of the main inducers in the development and maturity of sweat gland buds or cells and the local activated MMPs may play an important role in cleaving the major matrix components in the basement membrane.     

The interaction between epidermal growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases induces the development of sweat glands in human fetal skin

BACKGROUND: The development of sweat glands is a very complicated biological process involving many factors. In this study, we explore the interrelationship among epidermal growth factor (EGF), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7), and the development of sweat glands in human embryos. Furthermore, we hope to elucidate the mechanism(s) underlying the induction of epidermal stem cells into sweat gland cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Skin biopsies of human embryos obtained from spontaneous abortions at different gestational ages from 11 to 31 weeks were used in this study. The dynamic expression of EGF, MMP-2, MMP-7, and keratin-7 (K7) in developing sweat gland cells or extracellular stroma surrounding the sweat gland cells was examined with SP immunohistochemical methods. The localization of the cellular sources of MMP-2 and MMP-7 was examined with in situ hybridization. RESULTS: At 14-20 weeks of gestation, a gradual increase in EGF immunoreactivity was observed not only in developing sweat gland buds but also in extracellular stroma surrounding the buds, and the expression intensity of EGF peaked at 20-22 weeks of gestational age. All mRNA-positive buds or cells in developing sweat glands contained corresponding immunoreactive proteins. Positive immunostaining for K7 appeared in early sweat gland buds at 14-16 weeks of gestation, and from then on, the positive signal of K7 was concentrated in developing sweat gland cords or cells. CONCLUSIONS: The morphogenesis of sweat glands in human fetal skin begins at 14-16 weeks of gestational age, and is essentially complete by 24 weeks. There is a close relationship among EGF, extracellular matrix remodeling, and morphogenesis of the sweat glands. EGF is one of the inducers in the development and maturity of sweat gland buds or cells.     

The interaction between epidermal growth factor (EGF) and matrix metalloproteinase induces the development of sweat glands in human fetal skin

Objective:The development of sweat glands is a very complicated biological process involving many factors. In this study, we explore the inter-relationship between epidermal growth factor (EGF),matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2,MMP-7) and development of sweat glands in human embryos. Furthermore, we hope to elucidate the mechanism(s) underlying the induction of epidermal stem cells into sweat gland cells. Methods:Skin biospies of human embryos obtained from spontaneous abortions at different gestational ages from 11 to 31 weeks were used in this study. The dynamical expression of EGF, MMP-2, MMP-7 and keratin-7 (K7) in developing sweat gland cells or extracellular stroma surrounding the sweat gland cells were examined with S-P immunohistochemical methods.The localization of the cellular sources of MMP-2 and MMP 7 was examined with in situ hybridization. Results:At 14-20 wk of gestation, a gradual increase in EGF immunoreactivity was observed not only in developing sweat gland buds but also in extracellular stroma surrounding the buds,and the expression intensity peaked at 20-22 wk of gesta- tional age. All mRNA-positive buds or cells in developing sweat glands contained corresponding immunoreactive proteins. Positive immunostaining for K7 appeared in early sweat gland buds at 14-16wk of gestation, and from then on, K7 was concentrated in developing sweat gland cords or cells. Conclusions: The morphogenesis of sweat gland in human fetal skin begins at 14-16wk of gestational age, and essentially completes by 24wk. There is a close relationship among EGF,extracellular matrix remodeling and morphogenesis of sweat glands, and EGF is one of the inducers in the development and maturity of sweat gland buds or cells.     

表皮干细胞表型的成纤维样细胞在瘢痕中的表达

目的：探寻正常皮肤与增生性瘢痕中表皮干细胞标记物的表达,从组织学角度探讨表皮干细胞参与瘢痕增生的证据。方法：术中切取8例伤后6月增生性瘢痕患者的瘢痕组织及同例患者的正常皮肤,将其制备切片并分组,用E1iviSion二步法免疫组织化学检测表皮干细胞表面标志物β1整合素和CK19的表达,计数阳性细胞并进行统计学处理。结果：瘢痕组织真皮层中,表达阳性细胞数β1整合素和CK19较正常皮肤β1整合素和CK19明显增多（P〈0．05）,成纤维细胞数显著增多。结论：在病理性瘢痕的发生中,表皮干细胞可能在细胞因子作用下分化为成纤维细胞,从而参与瘢痕形成。     

创面愈合过程中创缘表皮干细胞的异位

目的观察创缘表皮干细胞在全层皮肤创面愈合过程中的分布特征,初步探讨其在创面愈合过程中的作用.方法将已行BrdU活体标记的 20只Wistar大鼠背部制备4个为2.54 cm2的全层皮肤创面,分别于伤后3、7、14和21 d(n=5)行组织学检查,动态观察创面愈合情况,并行β1整合素、角蛋白19(K19)与BrdU免疫组织化学法检测表皮干细胞在创面愈合过程中的分布情况.结果创面愈合率为83.75%(61/80).所有创面肉芽组织于各时相点均未见β1整合素、K19阳性细胞出现,但于创缘表皮的棘层或颗粒层均出现散在的β1整合素、K19和BrdU阳性细胞.且越接近创面阳性细胞越密集,组织学上与基底层的阳性细胞无直接联系;其数量随创面的缩小逐渐增加,直至创面愈合.创面上皮化后,阳性细胞逐渐减少,并随愈合创面表皮脚的出现而消失.而感染创面的阳性细胞数量明显少于未感染创面.结论表皮干细胞能主动参与创面的修复,创缘的表皮干细胞异位的主要功能可能是促进创面再上皮化.     

Leptin受体在人胚胎皮肤附件发育过程中的表达特征

目的:探讨Leptin受体在人胚胎皮肤形成和附件发育过程中的表达特点及可能的生物学意义。方法:取8-38周龄人胚胎的背部全层皮肤,制成石蜡切片．进行常规组织学观察和免疫组织化学染色(SP法),动态观察皮肤形成过程和附件发育过程中Leptin受体的表达特点。结果:胚胎8周开始,胎儿周皮已有Leptin受体表达,随后逐渐增强。至胚胎11-16周表达最强,尤其在附件原基中呈局灶性表达;胚胎22周后,Leptin受体的表达逐渐减弱,至胚胎31周后仅在皮脂腺中表达。结论:Leptin可能通过其受体参与皮肤附件的发育过程。     

Epithelial stem cell islands in the regenerated epidermis

Objective: The effects of growth factors on wound healing have been studied extensively, however,their molecular and genetic mechanisms that regulate epidermal regeneration are not fully understood. In this study,we explore the cell reversion characteristics and epithelial stem cell distribution in human regenerated epidermis treated with recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF). Methods:Tissue biospies from 8 regenerated skins treated with rhEGF were used to evaluate the cell reversion and stem cell distribution in epidermis . The expression of β1 integrin, keratin 19 (K19), keratin 14 (K14) and keratin 10 (K10) in skins was detected with SP immunohistochemical methods. Another 8 biopsies from the regenerated epidermis treated without rhEGF, fetus, children and adults were used as the controls. Results:Immunohistochemical stain for β1 integrin and keratin 19 showed that there were some new stem cell islands in the epidermis treated with rhEGF. These cells were small, containing low RNA content and exhibiting positive expression with β1 integrin and K19 stain. They were isolated, bearing no anatomic relation with the epithelial stem cells in the basal layer. The serial identification experiments indicated that there treated without rhEGF. All of these results supported that these β1 integrin and K19 positive stain cells were the stem cells. Conclusions: The results indicated that these stem cell islands were the specific and individual cell structures in rhEGF treated wounds and rhEGF is the main factor in inducing the stem cell island formation. These results offer a direct evidence for epidermal cell reversion from the differentiated cells to undifferentiated stem cells in vivo and may be useful in the rational use of this growth factor to promote wound healing in clinic.     

人表皮干细胞改良培养及其组织工程皮肤的构建

目的：改良传统人表皮干细胞（hESCs）分离、培养方法,为组织工程皮肤构建提供产率更高、活力更好的种子细胞。方法：应用改良的酶消化法（改良法）及传统酶消化法（传统法）分离、培养hESCs,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,MTT法绘制生长曲线、免疫组化法测定hESCs标志物角蛋白19（K19）和β1整合素的表达,并且进一步比较上述两种方法所获种子细胞构建的组织工程皮肤的形态学的特性。结果：台盼蓝染色显示改良法细胞消化分离数为92.25±15.61个,传统法细胞消化分离数为68.50±26.91个（P〈0.01）;改良法活细胞比率是（94±0.01）%,传统法活细胞比率是（75±0.04）%（P〈0.05）。在8天时改良法细胞MTT法OD值为1.300,传统法为0.779,改良法较传统法活力好,增殖快;细胞免疫组织化学染色显示表皮干细胞标志物角蛋白19（K19）和β1整合素均为阳性染色;HE染色结果显示采用改良法hESCs构建的组织工程皮肤表皮细胞复层层数为5～6层、基底细胞排列整齐,传统法hESCs构建的组织工程皮肤表皮细胞复层层数为3～4层、基底细胞排列散乱。结论：利用改良的酶消化法可获得数量更多、活力更好的人表皮干细胞,为以hESCs为种子细胞构建组织工程皮肤奠定基础。