重庆市青少年亚健康状况调查

[目的]了解重庆市青少年学生亚健康状况,为开展青少年健康教育和亚健康干预提供科学依据。[方法]采用《青少年亚健康多维评定问卷》(MSQA)对重庆市2292名初中、高中以及大学生进行问卷调查。[结果]重庆市青少年学生躯体亚健康、心理亚健康和身心亚健康的症状检出率分别为35.4%、48.3%、56.0%;躯体亚健康、心理亚健康和身心亚健康的状态检出率分别为13.8%、13.8%、12.6%,均显著高于全国水平(P值均﹤0.01)。女生身心亚健康的状态检出率显著高于男生(P﹤0.05)。各年级间躯体亚健康、心理亚健康和身心亚健康的症状检出率和状态检出率均表现为高中﹥初中﹥大学(P值均﹤0.01);城市学生躯体亚健康的症状检出率显著高于农村学生(P﹤0.05)。[结论]重庆青少年亚健康状况较差,应引起重视,加强健康相关教育。     

上海市奉贤区青少年亚健康状况及影响因素

目的了解上海市奉贤区青少年亚健康现状,探讨青少年亚健康影响因素。方法采用分层整群抽样选取辖区内2所初中、2所高中、1所中专和2所大学共计1 858人,应用青少年亚健康多维评定问卷(MSQA)和人口学特征信息表收集信息。结果上海市奉贤区青少年躯体和心理亚健康症状检出率分别为23.41%和26.10%,躯体和心理亚健康状态检出率分别为11.03%和8.23%;不同性别和户籍之间亚健康状态检出率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。各学段中高中生身心亚健康状态检出率最高(分别为18.50%和11.87%);各年级中高三学生身心亚健康状态检出率最高,大学一年级检出率最低;重点高中身心亚健康状态检出率高于非重点高中;差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,住校、自认为家庭经济水平差、自认为学习成绩很差、朋友数量少是青少年躯体和心理亚健康状态的共同影响因素。结论上海市奉贤区青少年身心亚健康状态与学习环境和自我认识密切相关,高中生亚健康问题突出,相关部门应针对不同青少年群体开展健康干预,重点加强学生的心理健康干预。     

中国汉族中学生20m往返跑与心理亚健康的相关性

了解中国汉族青少年20 m往返跑(20 m SRT)与心理亚健康的相关性,为促进心理亚健康青少年的体质健康提供科学依据.方法 在华东、华北、中南、西北、西南和东北地区采用随机个案法随机抽取8 595名汉族青少年(13~18岁),采用20 m SRT和青少年亚健康多维评定问卷(Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents,MSQA)中的心理部分进行心肺耐力和心理亚健康测试.结果 中国汉族青少年心理亚健康状态总检出率分别为20.9%和21.3%.13~18岁男性青少年心理亚健康状态检出率为13.2% ~24.7%,其中18岁最低(13.2%),14岁最高(24.7%);女性青少年检出率介于15.4%~25.9%,其中18岁最低(15.4%),13岁最高(25.9%).高等级20 m SRT成绩男性青少年心理亚健康状态总体检出率为18.1%,低等级检出率为23.1%,差异有统计学意义(x2=15.713,P<0.05);女性青少年分别为19.5%和22.6%,差异有统计学意义(x2=6.035,P<0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,地区(西南、西北和中南)、年龄(青春期后期)和20 m SRT(高等级)是儿童青少年心理亚健康状态检出率较低的主要影响因素(P值均<0.05).结论 青春期前期及心肺耐力水平较差的青少年心理亚健康状态检出率较高.     

青少年代谢综合征与健康状况的相关性研究

目的分析深圳某区青少年代谢综合征(MS)和健康状况流行情况,探索两者间的关联性,为科学防治提供依据。方法选取深圳某区649名青少年,进行健康问卷调查,测量身高、体重、腰围、血压、血脂和血糖等,依据各指标的权威标准进行判定,观察该区青少年MS流行情况及健康状况。结果该区青少年MS相关症状中WC、BP、HDL-C、FPG的异常检出率男生均高于女生,除WC外,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);TG的检出率女生高于男生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);MS总体检出率为2.9%,男生高于女生。女生心理、身心亚健康状态检出率均高于男生(P<0.05)。亚健康各组的大部分MS相关症状异常检出率高于无亚健康组,亚健康各组的MS检出率均高于无亚健康组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论该区青少年代谢综合征流行情况和健康状况不容乐观,两者具有一定的关联性,预防亚健康、MS的发生,应引起社会、学校和家庭的高度重视。     

大学生亚健康状态新划界标准的应用

目的描述大学生亚健康状态新划界标准应用的结果,为亚健康的干预提供参考。方法对温州地区2所高校学生运用《青少年亚健康多维评定问卷》(MSQA)进行评定,以全国大一、大二学生常模的P90为阳性症状划界,了解学生的躯体、心理、身心亚健康及其差异。结果高校学生身心亚健康检出率为9.4%,其中躯体亚健康率为15.1%,心理亚健康率为7.8%。男、女生躯体、心理亚健康检出率差异无统计学意义,而身心亚健康检出率女生较高。内向性格学生躯体、心理亚健康高于中性和外向性格学生,而身心亚健康差异无统计学意义。学习负担中等的学生躯体、心理亚健康低于学习负担重和轻度的学生,而身心亚健康差异无统计学意义。独生子女躯体亚健康检出率高于非独生子女,而在心理和身心方面差异无统计学意义。结论大学生亚健康状态新划界标准具有一定科学性和针对性,可以作为我国大学生亚健康状态的流行病学判定标准。     

绍兴市青少年亚健康现状及其影响因素分析

目的了解绍兴市青少年身心亚健康现状及其影响因素,为青少年亚健康状态干预策略的制定提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,选取绍兴市1所大学、2所高中、2所初中,采用分层整群抽样的方法选取2348名学生作为研究对象。运用《青少年亚健康多维评定问卷》进行评定,计算青少年亚健康症状在不同性别、年级、地区上的检出情况,用非条件Logistic回归模型分析亚健康状态的影响因素。结果绍兴市青少年躯体、心理、身心亚健康症状总检出率分别为26.9%,35.3%和43.1%。男、女生检出率之间差异均无统计学意义(P值均0.05);心理和身心亚健康症状检出率在不同年级间差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为28.026,17.142,P值均0.01);城市学生躯体、心理和身心亚健康症状的检出率均高于农村学生,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为6.039,4.811,8.087,P值均0.05)。绍兴市青少年学生身心亚健康状态检出率为10.9%,其中男、女生分别为9.9%,11.9%,初中、高中、大学分别为11.6%,12.4%,8.5%,农村和城市分别为9.7%,12.4%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,学习负担重、噪声影响、日常睡眠时间少、运动次数少等是亚健康状态的危险因素。结论绍兴市青少年亚健康症状检出率在年级和城乡分布上具有明显差异,亚健康状态与个人生活方式、环境因素、社会因素等相关。     

中国青少年体能指数与心理亚健康的相关性

  目的  了解中国青少年心理亚健康和体能状况及其相关性,为促进中国青少年身心健康发展提供参考。  方法  在中国华东、华北、中南、西北、西南和东北地区,采用分层随机整体抽样法抽取16 545名13~22岁青少年,采用青少年亚健康多维评定问卷(Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents,MSQA)中的心理问卷进行心理亚健康调查,同时进行体能测试。采用χ2检验及Logistic回归分析对青少年不同体能状况与心理亚健康的关系进行分析。  结果  高等级体能指数青少年的心理亚健康状态总体检出率为11.9%,低等级检出率为26.0%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=970.73,P < 0.05)。高等级体能指数男生心理亚健康检出率为11.1%,低等级检出率为24.4%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=566.12,P < 0.05);高等级体能指数女生心理亚健康检出率为12.8%,低等级检出率为27.6%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=412.25,P < 0.05)。Logistic回归模型在调整了性别、年龄、体质量指数和地区之后,低等级体能指数青少年心理亚健康状态检出率为高等级者的2.35倍(95%CI=2.12~2.61)。  结论  青少年体能水平较差者发生心理亚健康风险较高。应重视青少年体能发展水平,全面提升中国青少年身心健康发展。     

深圳市宝安区某中学初中生睡眠质量与抑郁情绪相关性分析

目的了解深圳市宝安区初中生睡眠质量和抑郁情绪状况,探讨睡眠质量与抑郁情绪的关系,为促进初中生健康成长提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法选择深圳市宝安区某中学的学生共860名为研究对象,对其进行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)及抑郁自评量表(SDS)测评,分析睡眠质量与抑郁情绪的相关性。结果该中学初中生睡眠问题检出率为16.51%,抑郁情绪检出率为29.07%。不同性别初中生睡眠问题及抑郁检出率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同年级初中生睡眠问题及抑郁检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),九年级学生睡眠问题及抑郁检出率高于其他两个年级(P<0.05),七年级的最低。860名被测对象PSQI总均分为(5.25±2.34)分,SDS标准分(46.94±8.57)分。不同性别和年级初中生睡眠质量得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);初中生睡眠质量除睡眠障碍成份外,其他6个成份及总分与抑郁相关分析均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论深圳市宝安区初中生睡眠问题及抑郁情绪普遍存在,其睡眠问题与抑郁情绪的发生呈正相关。     

中国8市青少年消极应对方式与亚健康关系

目的了解青少年学生消极应对方式的分布情况,探讨消极应对方式与亚健康状态的相关性。方法选取哈尔滨、北京、太原、重庆、贵阳、鄂州、绍兴、广州8个城市17 622名中学及大学生为研究对象,进行特质应对方式问卷和青少年亚健康多维评定问卷调查。结果女生、高中、其他民族及非独生子女的青少年更易选择压抑和退避应对方式,其高分组的检出率分别为34.8%3、5.3%3,1.6%3、6.2%3,0.7%3、5.4%2,8.5%3、2.7%,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);压抑和退避应对方式得分为中和高的青少年学生,其亚健康症状的危险性是得分极低的青少年学生的1.40～6.50倍。结论消极应对方式在青少年中较为常见,消极应对方式与青少年亚健康状态存在统计学关联。     

青少年抑郁情绪与童年心理创伤及母亲妊娠期疾病的相关性

目的 探讨青少年抑郁情绪与童年心理创伤及母亲妊娠期疾病的关系，旨在为制定青少年心理健康发展规划提供科学依据。方法 2022年1—7月，采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取武汉市2 092名中小学生，以问卷调查的形式了解青少年抑郁情绪、童年心理创伤、母亲妊娠期疾病情况，并分析影响青少年抑郁情绪的因素。结果 出现抑郁情绪的青少年139名(6.64%)。抑郁组童年期创伤问卷(CTQ)评分为(57.49±6.85)分，未抑郁组为(46.28±5.96)分，差异有统计学意义(t=21.14,P<0.05),母亲妊娠期高血压、糖尿病、胆汁淤积症、甲状腺功能减退/亢进、贫血、病毒性肝炎发生率分别为11.51%,9.35%,7.19%,7.91%,9.35%,3.60%;未抑郁组分别为5.79%,4.71%,3.64%,3.07%,4.30%,1.18%,差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为7.35,5.87,4.42,9.28,7.49,5.75,P值均<0.05)。青少年抑郁情绪报告率在不同学习压力程度间差异有统计学意义(χ²=16.04,P<0.0...     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.     

Assessing occupational and environmental exposure

Exposure assessment is a poorly understood component of the science of epidemiology. The relationship between exposure to chemicals and ill-health outcomes is often calculated using crude exposure measures such as ever/never exposed or duration. When investigating subtle effects, exposures need to be characterized much more fully in terms of intensity, frequency, duration and route. While occupational exposures tend to be much greater than those experienced from the wider environment there is a need to remember that, for many chemicals, exposure can occur occupationally, environmentally and through consumer use of products containing the material of interest. Inhalation exposure has generally been the traditional focus for most epidemiological investigations but there is now growing awareness of the importance of the dermal and ingested routes of contact and internalization. Quantification of the exposure also needs to be related to a biological mechanism of action and exposure metrics need to be selected accordingly. Occupational exposures can generally be measured using simple well-validated techniques. Environmental exposures require much more sensitive instruments and are more difficult to assess. Exposure modelling, particularly for the environmental fate of chemicals has undergone many recent developments and Monte Carlo techniques can be used to characterize model uncertainty and variability. This approach to exposure assessment can now be used in the setting of the wider environment and will enable a far better understanding of the relationship between exposure and disease.     

Mercury toxicity due to the smelting of placer gold recovered by mercury amalgam

A 19-year-old man developed tremor in both hands and fatigue after starting work at a placer gold mine where he was exposed to mercury-gold amalgam. Examination revealed an intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesis and mild rigidity. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration reached a peak of 715 nmol/l (143 ug/l) shortly before the clinical examination, after which he was removed from working in the gold room [Mercury No. Adverse Effect Level: 250 nmol/l (50 ug/l)]. On review 7 weeks later his tremor had almost resolved and the dysdiadochokinesis and rigidity had gone. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration had fallen to 160 nmol/l (32 ug/l). The principal exposure to mercury was considered to be the smelting of retorted gold with previously unrecognized residual mercury in it. The peak air concentration of mercury vapour during gold smelting was 0.533 mg/m3 (Mercury Vapour ACGIH TLV: 0.05 mg/m3 TWA). Several engineering and procedural controls were instituted. This episode occurred at another mine site, unrelated to Mount Isa Mines Limited.     

How Adults with Acquired Brain Damage Perceive Computer Training as a Rehabilitation Tool: A Focus-group Study

The aim of this study was to explore and describe how adult outpatients with acquired brain damage and referred to occupational therapy perceive computer training with the RehaCom programs, in order to evaluate the method of treatment as a tool in the rehabilitation of persons with cognitive disorders. By using focus-group discussions as a qualitative method of research when analysing the result, five themes with corresponding categories emerged, describing a development of understanding and learning about capacities. Themes describing how the participants could apply strategies to overcome shortcomings in daily occupations and the therapeutic role of the occupational therapist were identified as well. The result shows that a computer training program such as RehaCom can be used as an educational tool, for example, to guide a person who is trying to adopt compensatory strategies to avoid overload by taking pauses. It was found that anything the participants learned was also applicable to occupational performance in daily life.