一种高分辨率雷达海上目标自适应检测器

针对海上目标因波浪起伏和转向等导致的姿态变化引起的散射点起伏问题,在未知协方差矩阵的复高斯噪声背景下,研究了高距离分辨率雷达的距离扩展目标自适应检测问题.利用与待检测单元具有相同协方差矩阵结构的辅助教据估计未知噪声协方差矩阵,基于两步法检测策略获得了自适应检测器.恒虚警率特性分析表明,该检测器对不同噪声背景均具有很好的自适应特性.检测性能分析表明,该检测器对不同的目标模型具有很好的鲁棒性,且能有效避免“坍塌损失”.另外,通过增加传感器个数,可有效提高检测器性能.     

AR-model-based adaptive detection of range-spread targets in compound Gaussian clutter

In this paper, we consider the problem of adaptive detection for range-spread targets with known Doppler and unknown complex amplitude in compound Gaussian clutter. The speckle component of the clutter is modeled as an autoregressive (AR) process. By using the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) approach, we will first estimate the AR parameters and the unknown complex amplitude, and then propose an adaptive AR-based GLR detector. The performance assessments are presented too. The computer simulations show that the proposed detector, without a priori information of the covariance matrix, has the same asymptotical performances as the two-step GLR-based detector with known covariance matrix.     

子空间干扰非高斯杂波的抑制

在复杂电磁环境下,往往需要在线估计杂波协方差矩阵,从而自适应调整滤波器权值,实现对杂波的有效抑制,这样有利于目标的估计、检测、定位或跟踪。该文考虑非高斯杂波模型,且部分杂波受到子空间信号干扰,并且有用信号也位于该子空间内。常规方法会导致自适应滤波器在目标多普勒频率处有较大的衰减,极大影响了有用信号的探测。为此提出了一种知识辅助的分层贝叶斯模型,采用变分贝叶斯推断方法获得杂波协方差矩阵的近似后验分布,利用后验均值设计杂波抑制滤波器,可以有效提高目标的探测性能。计算机仿真和实测数据验证结果表明,该方法能够有效抑制杂波,而在目标处有较好的探测能力。      

基于波束空间SRQ快速测向算法

提出一种基于波束空间SRQ算法的快速DOA估计算法,此算法通过降低相关矩阵的秩,从而节省了特征分解的计算时间。此新算法需要进行2步DOA估计,第1步用少量阵元数进行粗略的DOA估计,第2步在粗略DOA估计的范围内进行精确的估计。由计算机仿真结果可知,提出的算法大大降低了测向算法中特征分解的计算时间。因此,此新算法是一种实时DOA估计的有效算法。     

载机偏航下基于广义相邻多波束自适应处理的低空风切变风速估计

该文提出一种载机偏航下基于广义相邻多波束(GMB)自适应处理的低空风切变风速估计的方法,该方法首先利用基于回波数据的杂波距离依赖性补偿方法对杂波进行距离依赖性矫正,估计出杂波协方差矩阵。然后同时组合空域的相邻多个波束与时域的相邻多个多普勒通道来计算降维变换矩阵,并对待测距离单元内的雷达回波数据进行降维处理,进而构造GMB自适应处理器的最优自适应权矢量对降维后的回波数据实现自适应滤波。最后完成载机偏航下风场速度的准确估计。仿真结果验证了该方法能够在载机偏航情况下,获得风场速度的有效估计。     

Reduced-rank adaptive detection of distributed sources using subarrays

We introduce a framework for exploring array detection problems in a reduced-dimensional space. This involves calculating a structured subarray transformation matrix for the detection of a distributed signal using large aperture linear arrays. We study the performance of the adaptive subarray detector and evaluate its potential improvement in detection performance compared with the full array detector with finite data samples. One would expect that processing on subarrays may result in performance loss in that smaller number of degrees of freedom is utilized. However, it also leads to a better estimation accuracy for the interference and noise covariance matrix with finite data samples, which will yield some gain in performance. By studying the subarray detector for general linear arrays, we identify this gain under various scenarios. We show that when the number of samples is small, the subarray detectors have a significant gain over the full array detector. In addition, the subarray processing can also be successfully applied to the problem of detecting moving sources in an underwater acoustic scenario. We validate our results by computer simulations.     

未知信源数目的DOA估计方法

针对信源数目未知情况下的DOA估计问题,该文提出了两种基于稀疏表示的DOA估计方法。一种是基于阵列协方差矩阵特征向量稀疏表示的DOA估计方法,首先证明了阵列协方差矩阵的最大特征向量是所有信号导向矢量的线性组合,然后利用阵列协方差矩阵的最大特征向量建立稀疏模型进行DOA估计;另一种是基于阵列协方差矩阵高阶幂稀疏表示的DOA估计方法,根据信号特征值大于噪声特征值的特性,通过对协方差矩阵的高阶幂逼近信号子空间,利用协方差矩阵的高阶幂的列向量建立DOA估计的稀疏模型进行DOA估计。理论分析和仿真实验验证,两种方法都不需要进行信号源数目的估计,具有较高的精度、较好的分辨力,对相干信号也具有优越的适应能力。     

A PDF estimation-based iterative MIMO signal detection with unknown interference

The equivalent diversity order of iterative minimum mean squared error (MMSE) multiuser detectors for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channels is decreased if they aim at suppressing unknown cochannel interference (UCCI) while detecting multiple users' signals. In this letter, we propose a new MIMO signal detection scheme with the aim to preserve the detector's diversity order by estimating the probability density function of the UCCI plus background noise. It is shown that the proposed detector significantly outperforms the conventional detector based on UCCI's covariance matrix estimation.     

Improved positioning algorithm based on two step least square in NLOS environments

Non-line-of-sight(NLOS)propagation is a major source of error for accurate time-of-arrival(TOA)location estimation.The two-step least square(LS)method,which does not need any information about the distribution of the NLOS error,has been studied in related researches to provide efficient location estimation of the mobile terminal(MT).By observing the estimation of the error covariance matrix in the two-step LS method,this paper finds that the measured distances are more suitable than the initial estimated distances by maximum likelihood(ML)algorithm in NLOS environments.Moreover,by making use of the geometry relations among fixed terminals(FTs),some measured distances which are corrupted by big NLOS errors may be reduced.Further,an iteration method can be adopted to further improve the performance of the algorithm.Accordingly,an improved algorithm based on the two-step LS method is proposed.Simulation results demonstrate that the improved algorithm has better performance than the two-step LS method and converges more quickly.Meanwhile,it is robust in different NLOS environments.     

基于知识的海杂波背景下距离扩展目标检测

该文针对在辅助数据有限的情况下自适应检测器出现检测性能损失,提出基于杂波的先验知识分布的距离扩展目标自适应检测算法。复合高斯杂波的纹理和散斑的协方差矩阵分别被建模为服从逆伽玛分布的随机变量和逆复Wishart分布的随机矩阵。利用先验知识推导了纹理分量的最大后验估计,并结合广义似然比检验设计了不依赖辅助数据的距离扩展目标自适应检测器。仿真结果表明,提出的检测器在参数失配条件下具有好的鲁棒性,而且在辅助数据有限情况下检测性能优于传统的广义似然比检测器的检测性能。     

多径环境中多用户波束形成与DOA估计

该文讨论了多径环境中多用户的波束形成与DOA估计问题,采用了解相关检测器来估计用户空间特征,提出了循环空间平滑算法(CSS)基于空间平滑的保持阵列权值维数不变的多用户波束形成算法,其理论依据是采样信号协方差矩阵的逆矩阵循环传递等效于对其求均值;利用了估计出的用户空间特征构造协方差矩阵进行空间平滑的高分辨DOA估计.仿真结果说明了循环空间平滑算法应用于多用户波束形成具有更优的抗干扰性能。     

一种DOA估计的快速子空间算法

MUSIC算法是一种属于特征结构的子空间超分辨方法，该算法性能优良，但需要估计协方差矩阵并对其进行特征分解，运算量大，很费计算时间。本文对波这方向估计问题进行了研究并提出了一种采取降维处理的快速子空间算法，该算法利用阵列协方差矩阵的一个子矩阵快速得到信号子空问，无需特征分解，且无需估计整个协方差矩阵，只需估计该子矩阵，故快速算法运算复杂度远低于MUSlC算法，而性能损失并不太大。理论分析和计算机仿真结果表明此方法是有效的。     

复合高斯杂波下距离扩展目标的自适应检测

 研究了复合高斯杂波下的距离扩展目标自适应检测问题.基于辅助数据,利用采样协方差矩阵(SCM)和迭代(RE)估计矩阵,建立了自适应检测器AMSDD和基于动态阈值的ADT检测器,并分析了检测器的恒虚警率(CFAR)特性.理论分析表明,基于SCM的检测器只能保持对杂波协方差矩阵结构的自适应特性;而基于RE的检测器能同时获得对杂波协方差矩阵结构和纹理分量的CFAR特性.性能分析表明,对于AMSDD和ADT来说,与采用SCM估计器相比,采用RE估计器能使检测器获得更好的CFAR特性和检测性能.另外,基于RE的ADT检测器在目标散射点个数失配时具有很好的鲁棒性.     

集中式O FDM-MIMO雷达自适应检测算法

针对频率分集条件下，集中式OFDM-MIMO雷达在未知杂波环境中的目标检测问题，首先分析了OFDM-MIMO雷达回波数据模型，由于OFDM-MIMO雷达的频率分集特性，不同频率通道回波数据相互独立，在此基础上，分别基于一步和两步广义最大似然比准则，给出了集中式OFDM-MIMO雷达GLRT和OFDM-MIMO雷达AMF两种检测器，并分析了这两种检测器的恒虚警特性。两种检测器有效利用集中式OFDM-MIMO雷达频率分集特性，提升目标检测性能，同时降低了矩阵求逆维数，以及参考单元数目的要求，并且具有恒虚警性能。计算机仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

分布式目标的子空间双门限GLRT CFAR检测

 研究了分布式目标在球不变随机变量杂波中的检测问题,提出了一种具有恒虚警特性的双门限广义似然比检测器。分布式目标建模为子空间信号,在距离维和多普勒频率维同时扩展.第一门限的作用是筛选信杂比高的待检测距离单元.将选出的距离单元进行能量积累并与第二门限进行比较做出判决.假设杂波协方差矩阵已知,构造了双门限检测器,并通过推导检测器虚警概率说明其具有恒虚警特性.将基于辅助通道数据的杂波协方差矩阵的估计值替换假设已知的杂波协方差矩阵,得到一个自适应检测器.通过Monte Carlo仿真进行性能分析,说明检测器的有效性和鲁棒性.     

基于自适应重采样次数的协方差角度估计算法

针对基于Hermitian分解的协方差角度估计算法在低信噪比(SNR)时性能差的问题,提出了基于自适应重采样次数的协方差角度估计算法。该算法首先用接收信号扫描角度空间内的所有导向矢量,划定正确的角度估计区间,并给出判断角度估计结果是否可靠的标准。然后构造协方差矩阵,得到角度估计结果,接着以角度估计结果是否可靠为判断标准自适应地对原始信号进行重采样。若重采样后对应某一信号的多个角度估计结果都不可靠,则对原信号重采样并估计到达角,直到所有信号均有可靠结果为止。仿真结果表明,所提算法修正异常的角度估计结果,提高协方差角度估计算法在低信噪比时的精确度。     

空间非平稳噪声下的宽带DOA估计算法

投影子空间正交性测试(TOPS)法是利用子空间的正交性实现宽带信号DOA估计,而在空间非平稳噪声环境下子空间的正交性条件不再满足,尤其是在低信噪比或低快拍条件下子空间估计将出现较大误差,TOPS算法性能将急剧下降。针对该问题,提出了一种空间非平稳噪声下宽带DOA估计算法。该算法首先通过构造特殊对角矩阵将噪声从数据协方差矩阵中剔除,从而克服非平稳噪声对DOA估计的影响;然后利用平方TOPS法实现宽带信号DOA估计,消除了传统TOPS算法中的伪峰。该算法适用于空间非平稳噪声背景及低信噪比环境,提高了对角度相近目标的分辨性能;仿真实验表明了该算法的有效性。     

利用广义内积值迭代加权的空时协方差矩阵估计方法

精确估计协方差矩阵是空时自适应处理(STAP)的核心问题,基于最大似然的样本协方差矩阵估计方法仅适用于均匀检测环境。为了提高非均匀场景下协方差矩阵的估计精度,该文提出迭代加权的空时协方差矩阵估计方法。该方法依据广义内积值(GIP)与其统计均值的距离确定样本的加权系数,并通过建立广义内积直方图及迭代处理的方式进一步提高协方差矩阵的估计精度。仿真结果表明,该方法能够提高非均匀环境下协方差矩阵的估计性能。     

Fast converging adaptive detection of Doppler-shifted,range-distributed targets

A generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) for the adaptive detection of a target or targets that are Doppler-shifted and distributed in range is derived. The unknown parameters associated with the hypothesis test are the complex amplitudes in range of the desired target and the unknown covariance matrix of the additive interference, which is assumed to be characterized as complex zero-mean correlated Gaussian random variables. The target's or targets' complex amplitudes are assumed to be distributed across the entire input data block (sensor × range). The unknown covariance matrix is constrained to have the reasonable form of the identity matrix (the internal noise contribution) plus an unknown positive semidefinite (psdh) matrix (the external interference contribution). It is shown via simulation for a variety of interference scenarios that the new detector has the characteristic of having a bounded constant false alarm rate (CFAR), i.e., for our problem, the probability of false alarm P_F for a given detection threshold is bounded by the P_F that results when no external interference is present. It is also shown via simulation that the new detector converges relatively fast with respect to the number of sample vectors K necessary in order to achieve a given probability of detection P_D     

均匀和部分均匀杂波中子空间目标的斜对称自适应检测方法

在雷达目标的自适应检测领域, 当参考单元数不足时, 充分挖掘协方差矩阵的结构信息是有效提高检测性能的途径之一。为此, 针对多维子空间目标的检测问题, 该文在协方差矩阵关于次对角线具有斜对称结构的约束下, 分别基于一步和两步广义似然比(GLRT), 推导了均匀和部分均匀杂波中的斜对称自适应检测器。由于检测器在设计阶段利用了协方差矩阵的结构信息, 仿真结果表明, 与已有检测器相比, 在参考单元数不足时, 斜对称自适应检测器可明显改善检测性能。此外, 分别从协方差估计方法的影响、目标子空间维数的影响、目标子空间失配性能以及目标起伏的影响4个方面对检测性能进行了仿真分析。