雌激素受体α基因多态性与卒中后抑郁的相关性

目的 探讨雌激素受体(ER)α基因多态性与卒中后抑郁( PSD)的相关性.方法 应用PCR技术对45例PSD患者及49例脑卒中后非PSD患者ERα Pvu Ⅱ及Xba Ⅰ基因型和等位基因频率进行比较.结果 两组以ERα基因ppxx基因型及p、x等位基因出现的频率最高;两组间基因型和等位基因频率差异无统计学意义.结论 ERα基因Pvu Ⅱ和Xba Ⅰ基因多态性与PSD发病无关.     

阿尔茨海默病脑源性神经营养因子和雌激素α受体基因的交互作用

目的 探讨脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)基因与雌激素α受体(ERα)基因在中国南方汉族晚发型(65岁以后发病)阿尔茨海默病(late-onset Alzheimer's disease,LOAD)发病中是否存在交互作用.方法 采用聚合酶链-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测203例LOAD患者与138名正常对照BNDF基因C270T位点、ERα基因Xba Ⅰ位点和PvuⅡ位点基因多态性,比较两基因位点间存在的交互作用.结果 LOAD组和正常对照组之间BNDF基因C270T、ERα基因Xba Ⅰ和Pvu Ⅱ3个基因多态性的基因型和等位基因频率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).BDNF基因C270T位点与ERα基凶Xba Ⅰ位点发生交互作用(χ~2=23.96,P<0.01),同时携带CC和xx基因型的个体LOAD的发病风险增加(OR=2.38,95% CI:1.02～5.53).结论 BDNF基因和ERα基因在LOAD发病过程中存在交互作用,可能使个体LOAD的发病风险增加.     

雌激素受体基因多态性与多发性硬化

目的探讨雌激素受体(ER)基因多态性与云南多发性硬化(MS)女性病人的相关性。方法应用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链反应(RFLP-PCR)分析方法,检测24例MS女性患者和30例性别、年龄相匹配的健康对照者ER基因PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ酶切多态性。结果 MS组P等位基因频率与对照组相比差异有显著性(X2=4.296,P<0.05);X等位基因在两组间比较无显著性(X2=0.665,P>0.05);联合基因分析,两组间其基因型频率分布差异无显著性(X2=6.073,P>0.05)。结论 ER基因PvuⅡ酶切多态性与MS具有相关性,可能是云南汉族女性发病的危险因素之一;XbaⅠ酶切多态性与MS无相关性。     

ESR1基因多态性与绝经期女性抑郁症状数量性状关联分析

目的本研究旨在探索ESR1基因多态性与汉族绝经期女性严重抑郁症状的发生是否存在关联。方法从前来上海三所医院妇科门诊就诊的45~55岁围绝经期及绝经后期妇女中纳入432人。对其雌激素α受体基因上的PvuII(rs2234693)和Xba I(rs9340799)多态位点进行基因型检测。同时使用Beck抑郁量表对其抑郁症状进行评估。同时收集研究对象的一般社会人口学及相关妇产科个人史资料。使用Kupperman绝经指数量表及焦虑自评量表对其绝经期症状及焦虑症状进行评估。结果XbaI位点多态性与抑郁症状数量性状存在关联,携带XX基因型的女性较Xx及xx基因型者存在更严重抑郁症状(Add value=1.85,95%CI=0.21~3.48)。而PvuII位点多态性与抑郁症状数量性状无关联。结论 ESR1基因多态性与汉族围绝经期及绝经后期女性严重抑郁症状的发生可能存在关联。     

雌激素受体基因多态性与多发性硬化

目的　探讨雌激素受体 ( ER)基因多态性与多发性硬化 ( MS)的相关性。方法　应用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链反应 ( RFLP-PCR)分析方法 ,检测 63例 MS患者和 95例对照者 ER基因 Pvu 和 Xba 酶切多态性。结果　MS组 P等位基因频率明显高于对照组 ( P=0 .0 2 2 ,OR=1 .70 8,95 % CI:1 .0 78～ 2 .70 5 ) ,且在女性 MS患者 P等位基因分布频率和对照组间差异有显著性 ( P =0 .0 48,OR =1 .82 4,95 % CI :1 .0 0 3～ 3 .3 1 8)。MS组 Ppxx基因型频率明显高于对照组 ( P =0 .0 0 6)。结论　ER基因 Pvu 酶切多态性与 MS存在相关性 ,可能是 MS发病的危险因素之一 ,尤其是携带 P等位基因的女性更易患 MS;Xba 酶切多态性与 MS无相关性     

雌激素α受体基因多态性与中国散发阿尔茨海默病

目的　观察中国散发阿尔茨海默病 (sporadicAlzheimer’sDisease ,SAD)患者雌激素α受体 (es trogenreceptorα,ERα)基因型分布 ,计算各等位基因频率 ,以便探讨ERα在阿尔茨海默病发病中的作用。 方法　应用聚合酶链式反应和限制性片段多态性 (PCR RELP)方法 ,测定 4 9例SAD和 5 5例健康对照的ERα基因型 ,以P或 p表示ERα被Pvull酶切后的分型 ,X或x表示ERα被XbaⅠ酶切后的分型 ,大小写字母分别表示无和有相应的酶切位点。结果　与对照组相比 ,SAD组Pp和Xx基因型频率显著增高 (P <0 .0 1) ,等位基因X的频率也明显增高 (χ2 =8.19,P <0 .0 1)。结论　ERα基因多态性与SAD有显著相关 ,ERα基因的X和P等位基因可能是SAD发病的危险因素。     

骨钙素基因Hind Ⅲ多态性与福州地区汉族绝经后妇女骨密度的相关性*

背景：骨质疏松症是一种多基因遗传病,骨钙素受体基因多态性与骨密度关系存在地域和人群的差异。 目的：观察绝经后妇女骨钙素基因型频率分布及其与骨密度的关系,探讨福州地区汉族绝经后妇女骨质疏松症的遗传易感基因。 方法：用聚合酶链式反应限制性片段长度多态性分析201例汉族绝经后妇女骨钙素基因型,用双能X射线吸收法测定腰椎、股骨颈,大转子和Ward’s三角4个部位骨密度值。 结果与结论：福州地区汉族绝经后妇女骨钙素基因型频率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg定律(χ2=2.29,P > 0.05),基因多态性分布依次为HH 5%、hh 46%、Hh 49%,与福州、北京、广州、台湾地区骨钙素基因Hind Ⅲ位点多态性分布频率差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。但是与日本人、白种人差异明显(P < 0.05)。且HH基因型在大转子骨密度明显高于hh型(P < 0.05),但不同基因型在第2~4腰椎、股骨颈、Ward’s三角区的骨密度差异无显著性意义。提示绝经后妇女骨钙素基因型与大转子骨密度可能存在一定关联。     

北京部分汉族男性维生素D受体基因Fok Ⅰ多态性与骨密度的关系

背景：骨质疏松症是受遗传和环境因素共同作用的多因子复杂疾病。维生素D受体基因多态性被认为是调控骨量的重要遗传因素,但在不同种族人群中的研究结果仍存在争议。 目的：观察维生素D受体基因Fok Ⅰ多态性与北京地区部分汉族男性骨密度的关系,以探求北京地区男性骨质疏松症的遗传易感性。 设计、时间及地点：随机对照试验,在2004-09/2007-12在解放军第二炮兵总医院内分泌科和解放军总医院老年病研究所分子生物学实验室共同完成。 对象：筛选2004-09/2006-12长期居住北京地区无血缘关系的20~80岁健康汉族男性230人。 方法：用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)分析法检测受试者维生素D受体基因Fok Ⅰ基因型,使用双能X射线吸收测定法检测随机抽取的100例受试者腰椎和髋部的骨密度。 主要观察指标：①受试者年龄、身高、体质量。②受试者维生素D受体基因Fok Ⅰ基因型。③受试者L2~4椎体、股骨颈、大转子及Wards三角部位骨密度。 结果：受试者维生素D受体基因Fok Ⅰ的基因型及基因频率的分布为FF 36.96%,Ff 46.96%,ff 16.08%,符合Hardy-Weinberg定律;校正年龄、体质量、身高和体质量指数对骨密度的影响后,40~59岁年龄段男性ff基因型组骨密度较FF,Ff基因型低(P=0.037)。其余各年龄段、各部位ff基因型组骨密度大多低于FF,Ff基因型,但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。 结论：北京地区汉族男性维生素D受体基因Fok Ⅰ多态性分型与骨密度之间可能存在一定关联,该项检测对筛查男性骨质疏松症高危人群的意义需进一步研究。     

新疆地区维吾尔族、汉族单胺氧化酶B基因多态性与帕金森病的相关性研究

目的探讨中国新疆地区维吾尔族、汉族人群多巴胺代谢酶-单胺氧化酶B(MAO-B)基因内含子13 G/A多态性与帕金森病(PD)遗传易感性的关系,以及PD患者基因型与临床特点的关系。方法研究对象为中国新疆地区241例PD患者(PD组),其中维吾尔族95例(维吾尔族PD组)、汉族146例(汉族PD组);另选择247名健康对照者(对照组),其中维吾尔族104例、汉族143例。收集并分析PD患者临床资料;采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析法(PCR-RLFP)进行MAO-B基因多态性分析,研究基因型和等位基因频率分布情况。结果①PD组与对照组MAO-B基因G/A基因型及等位基因频率差异无统计学意义。②维吾尔族PD组和汉族PD组与对照组的基因型及等位基因频率差异无统计学意义。③男性PD组和女性PD组与相同性别对照组的基因型及等位基因频率分布差异无统计学意义。④发病年龄≤70岁PD患者与对照组基因型频率、等位基因频率差异无统计学意义;>70岁的PD患者与对照组基因型频率、等位基因频率差异有统计学意义。⑤新疆地区维吾尔族、汉族PD患者的3种基因型的临床特点差异无统计学意义。结论MAO-B基因的AA基因型与A等位基因频率增高是发病年龄>70岁新疆维吾尔族和汉族PD患者的危险因素。PD患者MAO-B基因3种基因型的临床特点无差别。     

磷酸二酯酶4D基因SNP83位点与新疆维吾尔族、汉族缺血性脑血管疾病的相关性

目的探讨新疆维吾尔族、汉族磷酸二酯酶4D基因(phosphodiesterase 4D,PDE4D)SNP83位点与缺血性脑血管疾病(ischemic cerebral vascular disease,ICVD)的关系。方法选取新疆地区缺血性脑血管疾病患者207例(维吾尔族109例,汉族98例)与正常对照组216例(维吾尔族110例,汉族106例),应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术检测PDE4D基因SNP83位点多态性,采用病例-对照的关联分析方法进行基因型和等位基因频率分布。结果新疆维、汉两民族PDE4D基因SNP83的基因型和等位基因频率在病例组与对照组间的分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);汉族病例组与对照组的基因型和等位基因分布频率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性病例组中PDE4D基因SNP83基因型分布频率和等位基因频率显著高于男性对照组(P<0.05),并发现携带C等位基因的个体发生缺血性脑血管疾病的危险性显著增加,其OR值为6.486(P<0.05)。结论新疆维吾尔族和汉族之间PDE4D基因SNP83多态性存在差异,并发现在汉族、男性人群中PDE4D基因SNP83多态性与缺血性脑卒中的发病风险存在关联。     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Sense of coherence as a predictor of subjective state of health: results of 4 years of follow-up of adults

A number of cross-sectional population studies have shown that a strong sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with various aspects of good perceived health. The association does not seem to be entirely attributable to underlying associations of SOC with other variables, such as age or level of education. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study reported here was to determine whether SOC predicted subjective state of health. METHODS: The study was carried out as a two-way panel mail survey of 1976 individuals with 4 years interval for two collections of data. The statistical method used was multivariate cumulative logistic modeling. Age, initial subjective state of health, initial occupational training level, and initial degree of social integration were included as potential explanatory variables. RESULTS: A strong SOC predicted good health in women and men. CONCLUSIONS: SOC can be interpreted as an autonomous internal resource contributing to a favorable development of subjective state of health. SOC data should, however, be regarded as complementary to and not a substitute for information already known to be associated with increased risk of future ill health.