基于突变理论的机械产品突破性创新耗散结构模型及其评价

为揭示机械产品突破性创新内在的动态演化机制,提出了一种基于突变理论的机械产品突破性创新耗散结构模型及其评价方法.首先叙述了耗散结构理论与熵变;然后应用发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)中的冲突解决原理分析了机械产品突破性创新尖点突变过程,建立了机械产品突破性创新耗散结构模型,指出了机械产品是在一个非平衡的开放系统中,系统内各技术子系统之间非线性相互作用下,以尖点突变的形式产生的宏观的“巨涨落”,从而形成的一种新的有序的耗散结构;最后基于信息熵理论提出了机械产品突破性创新的评价方法.以中药滴丸机为例,对2种不同状态下的滴丸机进行定量分析,结果较好地验证了该方法的合理性.     

基于耗散系统的交通-用地（T-L）综合系统演化评价

文章在分析城市交通-用地（T—L）综合系统耗散特征基础上,从反应耗散系统演化过程当中内部熵增和外界负熵流输入为准则构建了T—L系统演化评价指标体系,借助信息熵理论,给出了T—L系统演化熵值计算方法,定量分析了系统演化的方向和有序度。同时借助系统熵变的物理意义和离散度概念建立了系统演化发展度、协调度、发展协调度评价模型,对系统整体发展协调情况进行了量化分析。最后以成都市T—L系统为实例对以上方法模型进行了验证,计算表明,系统历年的熵值变化与发展协调度较好的解释了T—L系统实际的发展演化过程。     

不同围压下混合岩轴向压缩过程能量及损伤分析

为探究混合岩在不同围压下破坏过程中的能量演化特征和损伤演化规律，利用伺服试验机对混合岩进行了轴向压缩试验。结果表明，混合岩不同破坏阶段的弹性应变能、耗散能的变化情况不同，屈服强度之前，能量基本以弹性应变能为主，耗散能几乎为0,屈服强度之后，弹性应变能减小后保持稳定，耗散能急剧增加。基于试样弹性应变能与总吸收能之比的定量指标将试破坏的过程分为3个阶段，依此为裂隙稳定扩展阶段、裂隙加速扩展阶段和裂隙贯通阶段。将混合岩的损伤演化过程分为4个阶段，分别为初始损伤阶段、损伤稳定发展阶段、损伤加速发展阶段和残余损伤阶段。     

基于信息熵的工程项目组织的创新决策

为了增强工程项目的自组织与抗风险能力,提高工程项目的组织决策绩效,将工程项目组织决策过程看作对一个耗散结构中的信息熵流动过程,对不同的工程项目组织决策方案建立多维偏好分析的多目标线性规划模型系统,运用理想点法进行工程项目的组织决策.结论是工程项目组织创新决策的机理在于寻求总熵最低的项目组织方案,减少工程项目组织耗散结构中促使系统混乱的正熵流,增加使组织趋于有序的负熵流.     

家具与室内设计工程专业研究生科研创新能力培养研究

分析了当前我国研究生科研创新能力培养的紧迫性与必要性,以家具与室内设计工程专业为例,将实践教育作为平台,探究实践教育影响科研创新的关键因素及不同类型的科研创新项目在实践教育中的作用,并对其进行阐述。以提高科研创新能力培养为目标,构建研究生实践教育与科研项目相结合的培养体系,全面提升研究生培养质量,对完善高校研究生教育体系具有一定的理论意义和实践价值。     

城市道路交通系统自组织建模与仿真研究

城市道路交通系统作为一种耗散结构系统,其系统发展演化自组织机制由于其“隐形”特征不易被认识。本文通过简化道路网络生长模型,在不同初始条件下,分别对方格道路网络与环放道路网络自组织机制进行了仿真研究,仿真结果较好的揭示了道路交通系统作为复杂开放巨系统所具有的自组织演化机制的客观存在,为深入研究道路交通系统发展演化机理及寻求道路交通系统自组织与他组织的同向复合发展具有重要意义。     

基于耗散结构的企业系统熵变模型

应用耗散结构理论,通过对企业系统耗散结构形成过程及形成条件进行分析研究,建立了以资金流为推动的企业系统熵变模型,并结合企业系统的实际情况给出了具有可操作性的企业系统熵变计算公式,依据所建模型及公式进行实例验证,结果与企业实际发展情况基本吻合.     

产业集群企业安全生产行为演化与监管

为发现产业集群企业安全生产行为选择的演化规律,提高安全生产监管效果,在探讨产业集群企业安全生产行为决策特点的基础上,借助演化经济学方法,构建了产业集群企业群体间行为交互的支付矩阵;通过对交互过程的演化模型分析,揭示了企业个体行为策略选择对群体行为的影响;分析了系统演化的4种情形,利用Matlab软件数值仿真演示了混合策略均衡下不同参数变化对系统演化结果的影响;并提出了避免系统陷入不良"锁定"状态,引导系统向着预期方向演化的建议。     

高技术创业企业生命周期创新需求分析

产业组织是以企业为核心,包括政府、大学、科研院所、中介机构等各产业主体在内,承担资金、技术、市场、人才、服务等产业要素配置功能,保障产业健康发展的核心载体。不同发展阶段的不同产业、不同企业对产业要素的配置需求并不相同,一个地区要保持产业快速发展、打造内生式的产业集群,就必须顺应产业成长规律和产业价值规律,进行产业组织创新。中国科技园区在不断地组织和优化产业要素的过程中,充分遵循市场经济发展规律,依托市场的力量,在发起设立、运作机制、职能定位和治理结构等多方面进行了一系列产业组织的创新实践。     

创新驱动的设计战略与管理知识构架研究

目的通过剖析当代国际设计战略与管理科研及产业应用状况,构建适应于新经济形态并以创新为目标体系的新时代设计战略与管理知识构架。方法横向对比以英国、美国、意大利、中国为代表的四大类创新体系的异同,纵向分析"产品层面"、"企业层面"、"产业层面"及"社会层面"创新体系的沿革及未来趋势。抽取创新思维系统中四大关键要素,即"生活风格"、"商业模式"、"设计思维"及"新产品研发"进行深入分析。结论构建系统化、动态化、多层次的新型设计战略与管理知识构架,以期从设计专业角度为中国企业所面临的创新困局,提供相对完整的知识构架参考。     

基于新文创视角的文化IP体系构建

目的 通过分析“新文创”时代下文化IP的消费模式、商业模式、社会价值,为文化企业和设计师提供具有实战指导意义的文化IP体系。方法 以“新文创”为背景,分析国内外文化IP的研究成果及中国文化产业发展现状,结合文化IP价值演进,以及文化IP开发、运营、传播渠道的发展模式,进行文化IP体系构建研究。结论 通过建立文化IP基因数据库、搭建用户模型库、文化基因符号提取与转化、文化IP孵化路径、打造文化IP全产业链5个维度,逐步构建文化IP体系。以“新文创”为核心的文化IP,将以一种更为严谨、系统的体系推动文化创意产业的发展,从而满足消费者的多元需求。基于“新文创”视角下的文化IP体系,是实现这一目标的重要方法与路径。     

核心竞争力系统的演化

在对核心竞争力认识的基础上,以汽车工业不同生产方式的转变为线索,探讨了企业核心竞争力系统的演化过程,并结合对当今知识经济、组织学习及创新的思考,提出基于知识与创新的核心竞争力,并就处于战略联盟的企业群体的竞争优势提出一种新的观念－－核心能力链。     

State-owned enterprises as knowledge-explorer agents

ABSTRACT

This paper deals with the role of the State Owned enterprises (SOEs) in innovation processes. Only a few studies focus on the contribution SOEs as companies might give to produce new knowledge and technological innovation. We argue, however, that SOEs are a pillar of the innovation process and we explore conditions that can make SOEs very effective. Through two in-depth case studies in two different industries (STMicroelectronics in the semiconductor and Thales Alenia Space in the space industry) we illustrate how SOEs can contribute to innovation by exploring new opportunities and recombining different sources of knowledge. We highlight the conditions that can make exploration and recombination possible. We also highlight the ability of the two companies to change their boundaries through a continuous wave of agreements, mergers and acquisitions. This way, they were able to expand beyond their domains in a way that matched the evolution of their original industries.     

Technological Extinctions of Industrial Firms: An Inquiry into their Nature and Causes

After a buildup in the number of firms, new industries commonlyexperience a ‘shakeout’ in which the number of firmsdeclines sharply. Three theoretical perspectives on how technologicalchange contributes to industry shakeouts are analyzed. The theoriesare used to synthesize predictions concerning technologicalchange and industry evolution. The predictions inform an analysisof four US industries that experienced sharp shakeouts: automobiles,tires, televisions and penicillin. Using data on firm participationand innovation from the commercial inception of the four productsthrough their formative eras, we uncover regularities in howthe products evolved. The regularities suggest that shakeoutsare not triggered by particular technological innovations norby dominant designs, but by an evolutionary process in whichtechnological innovation contributes to a mounting dominanceby some early-entering firms.     

The inventive activities and collaboration pattern of university–industry–government in China based on patent analysis

China’s economy and technology have experienced spectacular growth since the Opening-up Policy adopted in 1978. In order to explore the innovation process and development of China, this study examines the inventive activities and the collaboration pattern of university, industry and government (UIG) in China. This study analyzes the Chinese patent data retrieved from the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Three models of UIG relations which represent different triple helix configurations are introduced. According to the property of patent assignee, patent ownership can be divided into three types: individuals, enterprises, and universities and research institutes. Furthermore, enterprises can be classified into state-owned enterprise (SOE), private-owned enterprise (POE) and foreign enterprise (FE). The corresponding relationship of patent ownership with UIG is set up. Through analyzing the issued year, it is found that the inventive activities of China have experienced three developmental phases and have been promoted quickly in recent years. The achievement of innovation activities in China primarily falls on the enterprise, especially FEs and POEs. The innovation strengths of the three development phases have shifted from government to university and research institute and then industry. According to co-patent analysis, it is found that the collaboration between university and industry is the strongest and has been intensified in recent years, but other forms of collaboration among UIG have been weak. In addition, an innovation relation model of China was set up. The evolution process of innovation systems was explored, from etatistic model, followed by improved “laissez-faire” model, and then shifting toward triple helix model.     

Exploration,exploitation and innovation performance: disentangling the evolution of industry

The evolution of industry has recently attracted the attention of scholars studying the relationships between exploration and exploitation strategies and innovation performance. Surprisingly, although extant research has already acknowledged its multidimensional character, it has only been analyzed in an aggregate fashion. In this paper, we distinguish two components of the evolution of industry, the pace of market evolution and the pace of technology evolution, and we elaborate on their different impacts in the context of exploration and exploitation strategies. More precisely, we argue that while a rapid pace of technology evolution has opposite impacts on the relationships between exploration (positive), exploitation (negative) and innovation performance, a rapid pace of market evolution positively affects both exploration and exploitation. Our findings provide substantial support for our prediction using a large panel of Spanish innovating firms for the period 2008–2012.     

Systems of Innovation and Industry Evolution: The Case of Retail Banking in the UK

This paper presents a longitudinal study on the evolution of the retail banking sector in the UK following the adoption of automated payments in the 1970s. The analysis is cast in the context of innovation studies and articulates how changing configurations of the knowledge base combined with the emergence and adaptation of institutional structures stirred a paradigm of service innovation in an information‐intensive industry like banking. The cases of the Automated Teller Machine (ATM) and of the Electronic Fund Transfer at Point of Sale (EFTPOS) provide evidence on the subtleties of a dual evolutionary process underpinning the development of a system of innovation: the growing ecology of actors and the emergence of new forms of coordination across them.     

The evolution of cluster network structure and firm growth: a study of industrial software clusters

Since the cluster began to receive attention as a critical environmental factor in geographical economics, it has provided a major research methodology across multiple disciplines from industrial organization, strategic management, regional innovation system, and Triple Helix to virtual clusters. Network structure analysis (NSA) offers a common framework to observe clusters that have been studied separately from the viewpoint of industrial organization and strategic management. Industrial structure analysis, is based on the externality of a network and the resource-based view, focused on the inherent network capacity, have been combined with the study of structural changes through cluster NSA, to create a new direction for the growth of industry and individual firms. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the networking of structural change and a firm’s performance by selecting a software industrial cluster as a representative case for the knowledge industry. We examine the network structural positions of each node during the cluster evolution process. This empirical study has significance for establishing a firm’s growth strategy as well as supporting the policy about clusters, through outlining the dynamic evolution process of the networking activities in a knowledge industry cluster.     

基于产业链视角提升包装产业竞争力研究

产业链竞争在经济全球化中成为区域竞争的重要方式。包装产业链从产业结构、组织形态、技术创新等方面都未形成有效的产业链竞争力格局,必须通过产业链的培育、整合和创新3个方面来提升和增强包装产业的整体竞争力。     

工业设计视阈下的设计驱动型品牌创新范式研究

目的 探究几种典型的设计驱动型品牌的创新范式,为国内不同类型的企业转向设计驱动型品牌提供创新范式参考。方法 借助设计驱动式创新理论确定设计驱动型品牌的特征,并以此为根据判断研究对象设计驱动型品牌,再从创意来源、创意实现过程和创新成果3个方面分析不同的设计创新驱动式创新范式。结论 以鸿翼科技为代表的设计探索式创新,其创意来源于内部团队挖掘痛点,以优化产品和解决市场痛点为创新逻辑,其创意效果根据企业的创新策略而实现,其成果以硬件产品为主。以小米公司为代表的设计开放式创新,其创意来源于线上用户社群和生态链创新团队,且创意过程由研发工程师在线获取反馈信息而实现,最终创新成果主要表现为硬件产品、系统和服务。以苹果公司为代表的设计整合式创新,其创意来源于虚拟社群和技术整合,且创意过程由内部团队根据企业目标而实现,最终创新结果主要有硬件产品、软件、系统、技术和服务。