解决农村“看病难，看病贵”的积极探索——安庆市新型农村合作医疗试点调查

安庆市在新型农村合作医疗试点工作中建立健全管理体系,运行机制逐步完善。但也存在各地参合农民待遇不公平,保障水平偏低,基层医疗卫生机构难以适应需要,参合缺乏激励机制,外出务工人员报销手续繁琐等突出问题。完善农村医疗保障制度,要充分发挥政府在新农合制度中的主导作用,建立规范统一的新农合制度体系,形成开放式的新农合运行机制,加快医疗卫生体制改革。     

试论莆仙戏演员的嗓音保健和音乐疗法

对于莆仙戏演员而言各种嗓音病变直接影响歌唱者的舞台表现,严重者甚至会终止演员的职业生涯。本文通过对发声器官以及对导致嗓音疾病原因、症状进行的分析,有针对性地提出相关的音乐辅助疗法,以增强发声机能,从而达到莆仙戏演员的嗓音保健目的。     

Nontraditional degree options for nurses: A model program

The Institute for Personal and Career Development of Central Michigan University offers external degree programs for adult learners utilizing nontraditional study. The competency-based programs described in this paper include credit given for the educational background and relevant career-life experiences of registered nurses in Michigan. The curriculum options most often chosen by nurses culminate in a BS degree in Community Development with a concentration either in school health or in public health and a BS degree in Management and Supervision with a concentration in health care administration.     

Rationalisation and Professionalisation: A comparison of the transfer of registered nurse education to higher education in Australia and the UK

During the latter part of the 1980s registered nurse education was transferred from hospital-based training to higher education in Australia and the UK. Examining this transfer process, analytical attention is focused on the contrast in subsequent funding arrangements for registered nurse education between the two nations. It is argued that the difference in funding arrangements can be explained by an analysis of two separate movements impacting on health care policy in both Australia and the UK: those of professionalisation in nursing and economic rationalisation. This paper discusses the implications of these movements and the subsequent differing educational funding arrangements in terms of the professionalisation of nursing in Australia and the UK.     

论动物辅助在特殊教育课程中的介入

动物辅助在中国的教育和康复领域属于新兴的事物,具有一定的研究空间和研究价值。文章结合动物辅助的相关理论,分析动物辅助在特殊教育课程中的介入问题,包括在特殊教育课程准备和课程情境中的介入,在特殊教育课程内容和课程实施中的介入,以及动物辅助在介入特殊教育课程时可能面对和需要注意的问题,希望可以为特殊教育课程的实施提供一种新的思路。     

GERONTOLOGICAL INTEREST AND OPINIONS OF HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS

The purpose of this study was (1) to examine and analyze the opinions and interests in geriatrics, gerontology, and older people of physicians, registered nurses, and dentists; and (2) to make comparisons of the expressed interests and opinions between the three groups of practitioners. The instrument consisted of two parts, demographic information and 22 questions regarding the interest and training in geriatrics/gerontology and opinions of the health needs of the elderly. From the results obtained in this study implications for the future training of health care providers are discussed.     

Interprofessional education in gross anatomy: Experience with first‐year medical and physical therapy students at Mayo Clinic

Interprofessional education (IPE) in clinical practice is believed to improve outcomes in health care delivery. Integrating teaching and learning objectives through cross discipline student interaction in basic sciences has the potential to initiate interprofessional collaboration at the early stages of health care education. Student attitudes and effectiveness of IPE in the context of a combined gross anatomy course for first‐year students in Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) and Doctor of Medicine (MD) degrees curricula were evaluated. Integrated teams of MD and DPT students participated in part of the gross anatomy dissection course at Mayo Medical School. A survey was administered to 42 MD and 28 DPT students that assessed their attitudes toward IPE and cooperation among health care professionals. Pre‐ and post‐experience surveys were evaluated. Positive comments were related to opportunities for developing a better understanding of the nature and scope of each other's programs, encouraging teamwork and communication, mutual respect, and reducing the perceptual divide between disciplines. Ninety‐two percent of the students agreed that interprofessional learning would help them in becoming a more effective member of the health care team. This initial experience with IPE in gross anatomy provides a basis for continued development of interdisciplinary educational strategies. Anat Sci Ed 1:258–263, 2008. © 2008 American Association of Anatomists.     

Professionalisation of operating department practice: an evolutionary perspective

The health care professionals staffing the operating theatres of UK hospitals are pursuing a professionalisation agenda based around increasing the academic level of the credential required for entry to their professional register. This paper explores the impact of this on registered Operating Department Practitioners (ODPs) and Theatre Nurses by proposing a theory of professionalisation as an inter- and intra-professional evolutionary process, which resonates with the Red Queen's Hypothesis. The findings show how registered professionals carry out a benchmarking exercise to determine the most suitable route of professional development. The ODPs and nurses who decide to participate in credentialised continuing professional development do so to remain competitive with the new breed of graduates entering the profession. However, their continued study only serves to bring them to the level of the new breed professionals; they are running fast to stand still. We explore and comment on the ripple of behaviours the rise in academic credential produces.     

老年人食疗知识普及现状及教育策略探讨

普及食疗知识对于维护老年人的健康具有重要意义。本文通过问卷调查对济南市区老年人有关食疗知识的认知、应用及需求等几个方面进行实证研究,分析了老年人食疗知识普及教育的现状特点,提出相应的食疗知识普及教育的参考建议,为老年人食疗普及化教育提供相应指导。     

Provider sexual health assessment of the aging adult

Research has shown that healthcare providers are not proactive in assessing and educating the aging adult population about sexual health. Barriers to discussing sexual issues by healthcare providers commonly cited in the literature include lack of time, lack of perceived knowledge, and personal embarrassment. Using an online survey collector, the survey was distributed to advanced practice registered nurses, doctors of osteopathy, medical doctors, and physician assistants in general practice in a mid-western state who care for patients 50 years and older. The results of this survey showed that only 28% of the respondents routinely assess the sexual health of aging adults. Nearly half of the providers that responded felt that they find it difficult to proactively assess the sexual health of an aging adult. Common barriers of patient discomfort, lack of time, and low medical importance reveal a need for interventions.     

艺术疗法的形式及其作用机制探析

艺术疗法是目前国际上影响较为广泛的一种新型有效的心理治疗方法,其形式多样,效果显著,在心理治疗、心理辅导和心理健康教育等领域正日益发挥着其不可替代的作用。文章就艺术疗法的概念和形式进行简要的介绍,并对其中几种影响较大的艺术疗法及其作用机制进行了探析。     

Quality assurance and school‐based mental health services

Clinicians affiliated with expanded school mental health (ESMH) programs provide a range of mental health services for youth in schools. ESMH services offer unique opportunities for collaboration between school psychologists and mental health clinicians from the community to increase the quality of care for youth receiving mental health services. The number of ESMH programs is increasing; therefore, developing quality assurance (QA) activities for these programs is important to document accountability and provide evidence for effectiveness. In this paper, suggestions for phases and objectives for QA programs in ESMH programs and examples of suggested activities are presented. Assessment of the program structure as well as treatment process and outcome are critical phases. Important QA activities include examining staff training activities, assessment of stakeholder perceptions of services, conducting satisfaction surveys, examining therapy process, and investigating treatment outcomes. Results of QA evaluations should inform policy.QA programs need to be developed and the impact of QA activities in enhancing the quality of care provided by clinicians in schools should be evaluated. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Mental Health Leaves of Absence in College and Therapy: A Qualitative Study of Student Experiences

Mental health leaves of absence have increased among college students, but little is known about their experiences. We explored the role of psychotherapy among college students before, during, and after a mental health leave, using thematic analysis of semistructured interviews with 11 students who returned successfully to college after a mental health leave. College students who took a mental health leave typically sought therapy too late to prevent the leave, but benefitted from therapy while they were on leave and when they returned to college. Key outcomes of therapy included understanding the process that led to leaves, developing a plan and better coping skills for return, learning to avoid or manage symptoms, and growing closer to families and other supports. Proactive policies might prevent mental health leaves, but would require a new level of attention. Psychotherapy during and after the leave can lead to successful returns to college.     

Exploring Animal-Assisted Programs with Children in School and Therapeutic Contexts

Animal-Assisted programs with children are becoming increasingly popular in school and therapeutic settings. This article provides an overview of the benefits accrued by children as well as the concerns with programs which involve animals, and therapy dogs in particular, in these environments. Research over the past 30 years indicates that therapy dogs may offer physiological, emotional, social, and physical support for children. The distinguishing features of Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) are characterized by the supplemental inclusion of a trained therapy dog in reaching an intervention goal in therapeutic environments, and as a supplement to an educational objective in school contexts. The general assumptions underlying AAT with children are that although therapy dogs are interactive, children seem to perceive them as non-judgemental participants who are outside of the complications and expectations of human relationships. This unique interaction may offer children a valuable form of social and emotional support in educational and therapeutic settings.     

论音乐治疗对培养中学生心理健康的作用

鉴于音乐治疗功能和当代中学生心理健康教育的重要性的现状,本研究主要探讨音乐治疗对中学生心理健康的教育。通过对中学生心理健康的分析,在多元智能理论的指导下,结合音乐治疗理论,积极开展音乐治疗在中学生心理健康教育中的运用与实施,改善中学生的身心健康。     

音乐治疗对大学生负面情绪的干预研究

音乐是人类情感重要的表达方式,是形成健全人格的基本要素。研究表明:音乐治疗对于改善大学生的人际关系、焦虑状况、抑郁状态、偏执问题等负面情绪具有明显的作用;音乐治疗可以解决大学生在成长过程中的一些发展性心理问题,促进大学生的健康成长,进而提升大学生心理健康的水平。由此,面对目前大学生负面情绪集中且逐渐扩散的情势,在高校开展针对性的音乐治疗具有重要的意义。     

两种医疗操作过程中飞沫的产生

对2种会产生飞沫的医疗操作过程进行飞沫特性的初步实验研究：鼻咽分泌物（NPA）的抽吸和雾化治疗.抽吸鼻咽分泌物（NPA）时用玻片和水敏感试纸来收集产生的大飞沫,对玻片上飞沫留下的痕迹在显微镜下进行计数,然后进行粒径大小分析.雾化治疗时用粉尘监测仪来检测雾化器周围以及房间中不同位置的小飞沫和飞沫核.研究结果表明,鼻咽分泌物（NPA）的抽吸过程会引发咳嗽,产生大飞沫.雾化器每分钟可产生数千万0.3～20μm的细小飞沫,其中大部分飞沫会从雾化器面罩上的2个小孔中逸出,扩散到空气中.飞沫在面罩内壁以及志愿者脸上聚集凝结说明雾化治疗过程中药液极有可能被病人的分泌物污染.     

Can a dog be used as a motivator to develop social interaction and engagement with teachers for students with autism?

Research into children with autism indicates that therapeutic sessions with dogs might provide a way of encouraging social interaction and reducing solitary or repetitive behaviours. With recent educational ASD interventions aimed at providing ways of encouraging intrinsic motivation to socially engage, it is possible that sessions with dogs could be used in a similar way. The present study involved three students with ASD who were given five sessions with a dog and their teacher. Sessions followed a semi‐standardised approach and were recorded and coded on social behaviours, with qualitative observations made. Pre and post measures entailed ADOS‐2 assessments and teacher questionnaires. Results suggest that students' responses in sessions were highly individual; all showed an increase in meaningful social interactions with dog and teacher, reduction in solitary or repetitive behaviours within the sessions and reported generalisation effects in some areas. The study lends support to the research base on the beneficial impact of dogs for children with autism and suggests that sessions with dogs in school could act as a way to strengthen interactions and engagement with teachers.     

The Public Face of Kinesiology in the 21st Century

Recent enrollment growth in kinesiology places it second among academic areas of study in higher education. This article addresses issues that have prompted that growth, will allow it to continue, and examines other likely changes in the field. A major factor in growth has been the value of kinesiology as a major for allied health professional programs such as physical therapy and occupational therapy. In general, this growth is good for the field but creates the need for added faculty and facilities, stressing the capacity of current doctoral programs in kinesiology. Questions also arise about the distribution of undergraduate majors with many more seeking allied health options rather than kinesiology’s traditional fields of fitness leadership and physical education teaching. Other topics addressed include the increasing use of lecturers rather than tenure/tenure-line faculty, large public versus smaller private universities, use of the kinesiology core (American Kinesiology Association), direction of kinesiology research (sport or health related), and the role of kinesiology in public health.