肥大细胞与炎症性皮肤病关系的研究进展

肥大细胞参与皮肤病尤其是炎症性皮肤病的病理生理过程。近年来．人们对肥大细胞与炎症性皮肤病的关系更加重视并进行了较为深入的研究。本文就近年来肥大细胞在异位性皮炎、接触性皮炎、荨麻疹、银屑病、“屏幕皮炎”、慢性郁积性皮炎中的作用及可能参与的病理生理机制作一综述。     

树突状细胞在炎症性皮肤病中的作用

树突状细胞为皮肤内最重要的抗原提呈细胞，参与免疫反应全过程，其在各类炎症性皮肤病的发病中可能有重要意义。该文对炎症性皮肤病中的树突状细胞亚群，及其表面IgE受体结构和树突状细胞对T细胞亚群的分化迁移作用作一综述。     

紫外线治疗皮肤病的新进展

紫外线是治疗皮肤病的重要手段，其中311nm-313nm的窄谱中波紫外线与340nm-400nm的长波紫外线对某些皮肤病有独特的疗效，可治疗特应性皮炎、白癜风、银屑病、硬皮病、皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤及其他难治性皮肤病，疗效确切。     

MicroRNAs与慢性炎症性皮肤病

MicroRNAs是一类非编码的单链小分子RNA,对于多细胞器官的发育和存活来说是非常关键的。目前已经发现明确与银屑病和特应性皮炎发病相关的miRNAs有miR-203,miR-146a,miR-21,miR-125b。miR-203是第一个被发现的皮肤特异性miRNA,它在皮肤角质形成细胞中有表达,在银屑病皮损的角质形成细胞中表达最为明显。miR-146a在银屑病中具有特异的上调作用,它能够调控天然免疫反应和肿瘤坏死因子通路。miR-125b亦参与肿瘤坏死因子通路,但对银屑病和特应性皮炎的病情发展具有负向调控作用。     

瞬时受体电位通道香草酸亚型4离子通道在皮肤病中的作用研究

瞬时受体电位通道香草酸亚型4（TRPV4）是热敏TRPV家族的第4个成员,是一类在全身广泛表达的非选择性阳离子通道,可被多种内外源性介质激活,参与体内各种器官的生理活动。研究显示,TRPV4与皮肤生理病理过程密切相关,主要参与皮肤屏障修复、传导瘙痒感觉等,在玫瑰痤疮、脱发、银屑病、硬皮病、皮肤肿瘤等皮肤病中发挥重要作用。该文综述TRPV4离子通道在皮肤病中的研究进展。     

多环芳烃在炎症性皮肤病发生发展中的作用研究进展

多环芳烃（PAH）是含两个以上苯环的化合物,广泛存在于环境之中,可通过各种途径影响人体健康。以往PAH对健康影响研究多集中在其致癌性、致畸性以及对肺部疾病、心血管疾病等的影响,近年来PAH对炎症性皮肤病（尤其是银屑病、特应性皮炎和红斑狼疮）的影响日益受到重视。本文综述PAH对炎症性皮肤病的研究进展。     

Toll样受体和某些皮肤病的关系

Toll样受体作为病原相关分子模式识别受体广泛参与机体免疫反应，在天然免疫中尤为重要。随着对Toll样受体配体和信号转导途径的深入研究，它们和多种皮肤疾病的关系逐渐明了。Toll样受体在感染性皮肤病如单纯疱疹、麻风、念珠菌病、皮肤利什曼病及特应性皮炎、痤疮、银屑病的发病机制中起着一定的作用。     

多环芳烃在炎症性皮肤病发生发展中的作用研究进展题录

多环芳烃(PAH)是含两个以上苯环的化合物, 广泛存在于环境之中, 可通过各种途径影响人体健康。以往PAH对健康影响研究多集中在其致癌性、致畸性以及对肺部疾病、心血管疾病等的影响, 近年来PAH对炎症性皮肤病(尤其是银屑病、特应性皮炎和红斑狼疮)的影响日益受到重视。本文综述PAH对炎症性皮肤病的研究进展。     

金黄色葡萄球菌超抗原在特应性皮炎发病中的作用研究进展

特应性皮炎是一种慢性瘙痒性炎症性皮肤病，近年来研究发现金黄色葡萄球菌尤其是其产生的多种超抗原在特应性皮炎的发生发展中起到了重要的作用。金黄色葡萄球菌超抗原通过多种途径诱发或加重特应性皮炎，深入研究超抗原在特应性皮炎发病中的作用将更有效地治疗这种疾病。     

UVA1光疗法在部分皮肤病中的应用现状

长波紫外线1(UVA1,波长340～400nm)光疗法是1992年开始应用于皮肤科临床的一种较新的光疗法.与传统的长波紫外线补骨酯素(PUVA)以及中波紫外线(UVB)光疗法相比,UVA1不仅具备深穿透性,而且无补骨酯素相关不良反应和光毒反应.皮肤科学者已在多种以往应用传统PUVA和(或)UVB疗法的皮肤疾患中进行了UVA1疗效的大量临床研究,结果显示UVA1光疗法对特应性皮炎、硬斑病、蕈样肉芽肿等多种皮肤T细胞介导的疾病有效.其作用机制仍不明确,可能与其对^[1]人体皮肤的免疫调节效应,以及表皮和(或)真皮细胞群功能的改变有关.     

Targeting the gut‐skin axis—Probiotics as new tools for skin disorder management?

The existence of a gut‐skin axis is supported by increasing evidence, but its translational potential is not widely recognized. Studies linked inflammatory skin diseases to an imbalanced gut microbiome; hence, the modulation of the gut microbiota to improve skin condition seems to be a feasible approach. Today, there is a growing interest in natural products as alternatives to synthetic drugs. In this respect, oral probiotics could be a simple, safe and cheap modality in the therapeutic management of skin inflammation. Unfortunately, very few studies have looked into how probiotic supplementation influences inflammatory skin disorders. The result, though promising, are difficult to implement in clinical practice due to the heterogeneity of the applied supplemental regimen in the different studies. In this Viewpoint, we aim to encourage the conduction of more research in that direction to explore unambiguously the therapeutic potential of oral probiotics in dermatology. We focus on the most common inflammatory skin diseases (atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, rosacea, acne vulgaris) with an associated gut dysbiosis, but we also discuss some less common, but very serious skin pathologies (eg erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum, hidradenitis suppurativa) that are possibly linked to a disturbed gut flora composition. We dissect the possible mechanisms along the gut‐skin axis and highlight novel points where probiotics could interfere in this communication in the diseased state.     

Does cost‐effectiveness play a role in clinical trials?

Cost is a measure of resources consumed. By assessing costs, pharmacoeconomic studies complement studies of efficacy and safety, helping to determine the relationships of treatment and outcome. Costs are divided into three categories, including direct cost (resources attributable to the intervention), indirect cost (resulting from reduced productivity), and intangible cost (incurred from pain and emotional suffering). Insurance companies, patients, doctors, and the society all have different perspectives with respect to costs. The present authors review different types of cost analyses and their use in studies of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and basal cell carcinoma treatment. Cost studies influence clinicians, policy makers, and third-party payers' decisions regarding the implementation of particular therapies or programs. Collection of cost data needs to be incorporated into clinical trials to facilitate these decisions.     

神经酰胺在人皮肤中的主要功能

皮肤中神经酰胺主要位于表皮,是表皮中的主要脂质,具有保湿、信号转导、免疫调节等功能。其含量的变化可能导致皮肤屏障功能受损,甚至一些皮肤疾病的发生,如特应性皮炎、银屑病等。本文对皮肤中神经酰胺的主要作用进行综述。     

Epithelial barrier function and atopic diathesis in rosacea and perioral dermatitis

BACKGROUND: Rosacea and perioral dermatitis (PD) are common dermatoses, the aetiology and pathogenesis of which remain speculative. Objectives To investigate skin barrier function and features of atopy in both diseases. METHODS: We studied 75 patients with rosacea and 75 with PD. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured in three regions of the face (lateral chin, perinasal cheek, side of the nose) and the patients were assessed for atopy by clinical criteria, prick tests and specific IgE against a mixture of aeroallergens (CAP SX1). The control group consisted of 125 individuals with no history of rosacea, PD or active atopic disease. RESULTS: In patients with PD, TEWL was significantly increased (P < 0.001) at all measurement points in comparison with the rosacea and control groups. Significantly (P < 0.001) higher values were also found regarding history and clinical signs of an atopic diathesis, prick test reactivity and specific IgE against aeroallergens. CONCLUSIONS: PD is characterized by a skin barrier disorder of facial skin. It differs from rosacea in that it involves a significantly increased TEWL and features of an atopic diathesis. However, it remains disputed as to whether PD is an individual skin disease or a subtype of rosacea in atopic patients.