沙棘籽原花青素体外抗氧化活性研究

研究沙棘籽原花青素(SBSPC)体外抗氧化的作用。采用水杨酸法检测沙棘籽原花青素对羟自由基(·OH)的清除作用,用硫代巴比妥酸法测定小鼠肝丙二醛(MDA)的含量,用分光光度法测定小鼠红细胞溶血和肝线粒体肿胀程度,研究SBSPC的抗氧化效果。结果表明:SBSPC可以清除·OH,抑制·OH所致的丙二醛的产生,减少·O H所致的红细胞溶血,降低·OH所致线粒体肿胀程度,证明S B S P C具有抗·O H所致的氧化的作用。     

葡萄籽低聚原花青素体外抗氧化活性研究

以实验室分离纯化得到的葡萄籽低聚原花青素为研究对象,水溶性维生素E和维生素C为对照,分别考察葡萄籽低聚原花青素对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、超氧阴离子自由基（O2-·）的清除能力以及铁离子还原能力（FRAP）。结果表明,葡萄籽低聚原花青素对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基以及超氧阴离子自由基具有较高的清除能力,IC50值分别为23.52 μg/mL、51.38 μg/mL和684.46 μg/mL,具有较高的还原能力,且均优于对照水溶性维生素E。与维生素C相比,原花青素对ABTS自由基的清除能力以及还原能力均优于维生素C,两者DPPH自由基的清除能力相当,原花青素和水溶性维生素E在极低质量浓度（0.05～1.00 μg/mL）范围内,对超氧自由基具有清除能力,清除率为30%～40%,随着质量浓度的增加,维生素C的超氧阴离子自由基清除能力优于葡萄籽低聚原花青素。     

葡萄籽原花青素的聚合度与抗氧化活性关系

采用亚油酸体系和脂质体体系研究葡萄籽原花青素不同聚合度组分的抗氧化活性。结果表明,葡萄籽原花青素具有很强的抗氧化能力,在亚油酸及脂质体体系中,原花青素的抗氧化活性高于VC和VE,并且随着浓度的增加其抗氧化能力与合成抗氧化剂BHT相近。聚合度对原花青素抗氧化作用的影响较大,单体对脂质体体系的抗氧化活性低于二聚体,对于聚合体而言,原花青素对亚油酸体系和脂质体体系的抗氧化作用均随着聚合度的升高而降低。     

赤霞珠葡萄籽原花青素抗菌抗氧化活性研究

以新疆吐鲁番的赤霞珠葡萄籽为研究对象,利用传统溶剂法、超声波辅助法、微波辅助法和超声微波双辅助法提取其中的原花青素,经过AB-8大孔树脂初步纯化后进行抗菌抗氧化试验。分别考察了原花青素的总抗氧化能力、对·OH、O2-·、DPPH·清除作用及其对肠道致病菌的抑制作用。结果表明:原花青素对·OH、O2-·、DPPH·的最大清除率分别为65.71%、64.57%和87.55%。其对革兰阳性菌较革兰阴性菌的抑制作用强且原花青素对细菌生长的抑制作用与其浓度成正比。     

葡萄籽原花青素抗氧化作用的研究

采用亚油酸体系、脂质体体系、DPPH.及O2-.研究葡萄籽原花青素提取物的抗氧化活性,结果表明,葡萄籽原花青素具有很强的抗氧化和自由基清除能力,在亚油酸及脂质体体系中,原花青素的抗氧化活性高于VC和VE,并与VC、VE具有协同增效作用,随着浓度的增加,其抗氧化能力可以与合成抗氧化剂BHT相近;原花青素对DPPH.自由基的清除能力优于VC、VE及BHT,半抑制浓度分别为:原花青素1.8μg/mL、VC 2.5μg/mL、VE 6.3μg/mL、BHT 3.5μg/mL。对O2-.的清除能力优于VE而与VC相近,半抑制浓度分别为原花青素15.4μg/mL、VC 14.5μg/mL、VE 177μg/mL。     

沙棘籽粕原花青素制备、体外抗氧化及细胞活力评价

本实验优化了沙棘籽粕原花青素的提取方法,条件为80%乙醇,提取温度35℃,液料比8∶1 m L/g,时间1.5 h,p H3.0,在该条件下的原花青素提取率为（97.31±0.48）mg/g沙棘籽粕;对提取得到的原花青素提取物进行了DPPH自由基和羟自由基清除能力实验,并分析得到IC₅0,发现沙棘籽粕原花青素提取物的DPPH自由基清除能力较维生素C强;羟自由基清除能力较弱;MTT法测定了沙棘籽粕原花青素提取物对小鼠B16黑色素瘤细胞活力的抑制作用,分析得到24、48、72 h处理时间下提取物IC₅0分别为542.78、199.25、82.58μg/m L。结论:沙棘籽粕提取物对小鼠B16黑色素瘤细胞具有一定的抑制作用,随着剂量和时间的增加,呈逐渐增强的趋势。      

葡萄籽原花青素提取物的保健功能与应用

参考国内外对原花青素的大量研究报道,概述原花青素的抗氧化、保护心血管、抗诱变、抗癌、抗病毒、抗辐射、抗衰老等生物活性作用及其化学结构、安全性和应用,最后展望了其发展前景。     

葡萄籽原花青素的分离纯化及其抗氧化活性研究

本文以脱脂葡萄籽为原料从中提取原花青素,研究用大孔吸附树脂对原花青素分级纯化方法,以及纯化的原花青素产品清除超氧阴离子自由基、亚油酸体系的抗氧化等方面的抗氧化活性。结果显示:ADS-8大孔树脂对葡萄籽原花青素具有较强的吸附能力,得到的产物纯度达95%以上,是分离葡萄籽原花青素较理想的吸附剂;20%和40%的乙醇原花青素洗脱液具有很强的清除O2-·的能力,抑制邻苯三酚自氧化率分别达88.35%和67.2%,说明葡萄籽原花青素为抗自由基的有效活性成分;在亚油酸体系中,OPC’s的抗氧化能力高于VC和VE。     

沙棘籽粕原花青素的提取与抗心肌细胞缺氧活性研究

研究沙棘籽粕中原花青素的提取与抗心肌缺氧活性.用乙酸乙酯萃取沙棘籽粕的乙醇提取物得原花青素乙酸乙酯萃取物,再经Sephadex LH-20柱层析50%乙醇洗脱得沙棘籽粕原花青素50%乙醇洗脱物.以乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧为模型,分别给予不同剂量的原花青素干预,采用MTT法检测心肌细胞的存活率.结果表明,乙酸乙酯萃取物和50%乙醇洗脱物能显著提高缺氧/复氧心肌细胞的存活率,对心肌细胞损伤有很好的保护作用.     

葡萄籽原花青素提取工艺的研究

原花青素是广泛存在于植物体内的一大类多酚化合物,在酸性条件下加热会生产花青素。原花青素具有极高的抗氧化性和自由基清除能力,还有消炎抗癌、抗衰老等作用,因此广泛应用于医药、食品、保健和化妆品等方面。葡萄籽中含有大量的优质原花青素,通过乙醇浸提法提取葡萄籽中的原花青素,既可以充分利用葡萄酒副产物,又可以生产优质原花青素。以原花青素提取量和DPPH自由基清除能力为试验指标确定乙醇法提取葡萄籽原花青素的最佳工艺条件,为原花青素的进一步开发和利用提供支持。经过单因素试验与正交试验的反复探索得出葡萄籽原花青素提取的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1∶10,提取时间90 min,提取温度20℃,乙醇浓度70%,pH=4,经验证实验确定原花青素提取量为1.584 mg/g,DPPH自由基清除能力为12.41μmol/g。     

Effect of heating conditions of grape seeds on the antioxidant activity of grape seed extracts

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of heating and physical conditions of grape seeds on the antioxidant activity of their extracts. Two forms of grape seeds, whole and powdered forms, were heated at four different temperatures −50, 100, 150 and 200 °C. After heating, grape seeds were extracted with 70% ethanol (0.1 g grape seed/10 mL of 70% ethanol), and total phenol contents (TPC), radical scavenging activity (RSA) and reducing power of the extracts were determined. Thermal treatment of grape seed increased the antioxidant activity of extracts. The maximum TPC and RSA of whole grape seed extract (WGSE) were achieved when the seeds were heat-treated at 150 °C for 40 min, while that of powdered grape seed extract (PGSE) were at 100 °C for 10 min, and were greater than that of the non-treated control. Also, the reducing powers of WGSE and PGSE slightly increased at the conditions. According to the GC-MS analysis, several low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds such as azelaic acid, 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid, and o-cinnamic acid were newly formed in the WGSE heated at 150 °C for 40 min. There were slight differences in the kinds of phenolic compounds between non-heated and heated GSE. In HPLC analysis, the contents of gallocatechin gallate and caffeine in GSE significantly increased by heat treatment. These results indicated that antioxidant activity of GSE was affected by heating conditions (temperature and time) and physical conditions of grape seeds at the time of heat treatments.     

从葡萄籽中提取分离原花青素的研究

葡萄籽中总酚含量(以没食子酸计)大约为4.85%,原花青素含量为3.05%(以湿基含水10%计算),具有很大的开发利用价值.研究结果表明:选择130～150目的葡萄籽粉,在20℃条件下,采用70%丙酮搅拌40分钟,提取原花青素效果最佳,提取率可达99.11%;超声波处理对原花青素提取有一定影响,在保持提取温度不变的情况下,超声波处理功率档次越大,原花青素提取率越高;葡萄籽进行真空干燥比自然干燥的原花青素提取率高12.61%.     

In vitro study of antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity on oral anaerobes of a grape seed extract

Grape seeds are considered rich sources of polyphenolic compounds that show antioxidant or antimicrobial effects. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of a grape seed extract (GSE) on two oral anaerobes closely associated with periodontal diseases and its antioxidant action.     

The effects of grape seed extract fortification on the antioxidant activity and quality attributes of bread

The antioxidant activity change of breads added with grape seed extract (GSE) was investigated. The results showed that bread with the addition of GSE had stronger antioxidant activity than that of blank bread, and increasing the level of GSE addition further enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the bread. However, thermal processing caused antioxidant activity of GSE added to bread to decrease by around 30–40%. We also studied the effect of GSE on the formation of detrimental N^ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), a famous advanced glycation endproduct in bread. According to the results, GSE could reduce CML in bread and acted in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, except for an acceptable colour change, adding GSE to bread had only little effect on the quality attributes of the bread. Altogether, our findings indicate that GSE-fortified bread is promising to be developed as a functional food with relatively lower CML-related health risks, yet a high antioxidant activity.     

Evaluation of total phenol content and antioxidant properties of encapsulated grape seed extract in yoghurt

The effect of encapsulated (En) and nonencapsulated (NE) grape seed extract (GSE) at 1% level added to milk before its fermentation was evaluated on the physicochemical properties, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the resulting yoghurt. Encapsulated GSE resulted in a product comparable to the control, based on sensory properties, acidity, water‐holding capacity, viscosity and colour, along with a threefold increase in total phenolic content and fourfold increase in antioxidant activity. The GSE addition resulted in no effect on the viability of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus subsp. delbrueckii counts. The product with NE‐GSE had poor sensory properties and lesser polyphenol stability during storage as compared to En‐GSE yoghurt.     

Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of seed and skin extracts of red grape (Vitis vinifera and Vitis labrusca) pomace from Brazilian winemaking

The phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of seed and skin of pomace from the vinification of grape varieties widely produced in Brazil were investigated with a view to their exploitation as a potential source of natural antioxidants. There was a greater concentration of phenolic compounds in the seeds (2128 to 16,518 mg of catechin equivalents (CE)/100 g) than in the skins (660 to 1839 mg CE/100 g). The highest antioxidant activity values determined as DPPH radical-scavenging ability and ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) were found for the seeds of the Pinot Noir variety (16,925 ??mol Trolox equivalents (TE)/100 g and 21,492 ??mol Fe²⁺/100 g, respectively) and in the skin extracts of the Isabel variety (3640 ??mol TE/100 g and 4362 ??mol Fe²⁺/100 g, respectively). The skin of Cabernet Sauvignon and Primitivo varieties had the highest contents of anthocyanins (935 and 832 mg/100 g, respectively). The grape seed extracts were rich in oligomeric and polymeric flavanols. The data suggested that grape seed and skin extracts may be exploited as antioxidant agents.     

Dietary fibre content and antioxidant activity of Manto Negro red grape (Vitis vinifera): pomace and stem

The general composition of two by-products of the vinification process of the Manto Negro red grape (Vitis vinifera) variety, namely pomace and stem, were determined. Both by-products present high contents of total dietary fibre (TDF), comprising three fourths of the total dry matter. The pomace had high protein (12.2%) and oil (13.5%) values and the stem large amounts of extractable polyphenols (11.6%). Due to the high fibre content, the soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF), uronic acids (UA) and Klason lignin (KL) were analysed in both samples. Notable were the high percentage of soluble fibre (15%) in relation to the total dietary fibre for the pomace, as well as the high content of Klason lignin (KL) in both by-products, especially in the stem (31.6%). This fraction (KL) has important amounts of condensed tannins (CT) and resistant protein (RP).     

沙棘果油与沙棘籽油脂肪酸组成及其抗氧化活性

采用气相色谱技术分析了沙棘果油与沙棘籽油的脂肪酸组成,并利用清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基(DPPH·)法与羟自由基(·OH)法评价了沙棘果油和沙棘籽油的抗氧化活性。结果表明:沙棘果油主要含棕榈油酸(35.945%)、棕榈酸(34.108%)、油酸(18.357%)和亚油酸(6.198%),不饱和脂肪酸含量为62.501%;沙棘籽油主要含亚油酸(38.958%)、亚麻酸(29.327%)、油酸(20.859%)和棕榈酸(7.659%),不饱和脂肪酸含量为89.965%;沙棘果油、沙棘籽油和BHT清除DPPH·的IC50分别为25.68、17.29μg/mL和27.61μg/mL;清除·OH的IC50分别为29.32、25.48μg/mL和33.60μg/mL;表明沙棘籽油与沙棘果油均具有较强的抗氧化活性,且沙棘籽油的抗氧化活性强于沙棘果油。     

In vitro antioxidant activity of red grape skins

Phenolic antioxidants seem to be partly responsible for the protective effects against cardiovascular diseases attributed to moderate wine consumption. Grape skins greatly contribute to the phenolic composition of red wine. In this paper, the in vitro antioxidant activity of red grape (Vitis vinifera) skins is determined. We show that the radical scavenging activity (C ₅₀ values) against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^·) of grape skin extracts is relatively high (3.2–11.1 mg dried skin/mg DPPH^·) in relation to other foodstuffs and, as expected, is influenced by grape variety, stage of grape ripening and vintage. The antioxidant potential of grape skins seems to be transferred into wine since grape varieties with skins exhibiting high antioxidant potential also resulted in wines with high antioxidant activity. Statistically significant correlations were found between antioxidant activity and phenolic content (total polyphenols, proanthocyanins, catechins and anthocyanins) for both grape skins and wines.