人羊水间充质干细胞对乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者外周血Th1／Th2的体外调节

目的探讨人羊水间充质干细胞（human amniotie fluid—derived mesenchymal stem cells,h-AFMsc）对乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者外周血Th1／Th2的体外调节作用。方法选择2011年2—5月中山大学附属第三医院6例乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者和6名健康志愿者,提取外周血单个核细胞（peripheral blood mononuelear cells,PBMC）,同时从孕妇中期羊水中提取h-AFMSC。将h-AFMSC分别与乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者和健康捐献者的PBMC共培养72h,乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者和健康捐献者的PBMC单独培养组作为对照。应用流式细胞仪检测共培养前后不同组PBMCIFNγ（Th1）和IL-4（Th2）的变化情况,计算Th1／Th2比值。对共培养前后数据进行Mauchly球形检验,P〉0．1满足球形假设检验则采用重复测量方差分析。结果共培养72h,乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者PBMC与h—AFMSC共培养组的Th1细胞比例与其PBMC单独培养组比较无明显差异（F=0．82,P〉0．05）,但Th2细胞比例明显下降（F=10．24,P〈0．05）,从而导致Th1／Th2比值显著上升（F=17．28,P〈0．01）。健康捐献者PBMC与h-AFMSC共培养组的Th1、Th2和Th1／Th2比值与其PBMC单独培养组比较差异均不明显（F值分别为0．54、0．68和0．74,P值均〉0．05）。结论h-AFMSC对乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者的Th1／Th2有体外调节作用,具有作为移植种子来源移植治疗乙型肝炎肝衰竭的可能性。     

HBV对人骨髓间充质干细胞体外增殖的影响

目的探讨HBV对人骨髓来源间充质干细胞(MSCs)体外增殖的影响。方法从成人骨髓分离纯化MSCs并体外培养至第3代,将MSCs与含高浓度HBV的人血清共培养作为实验组,并用不含HBV的健康人血清作为对照。采用MTT法绘制细胞生长曲线并计算细胞倍增时间。分别应用细胞克隆形成试验和流式细胞术检测MSCs的克隆形成能力和细胞增殖指数。结果实验组的生长曲线发生右移,其对数生长期的细胞倍增时间较对照组延长(t=2.453,P<0.05)。体外培养10 d后,实验组的细胞克隆形成率和增殖指数均明显低于对照组(t=2.488,P<0.05;t=2.798,P<0.05)。结论 HBV可抑制人骨髓间充质干细胞的体外增殖。     

骨髓间充质干细胞对同种异体胰岛的保护作用

目的 研究小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenehymal stem cells,MSCs)对同种异体胰岛的保护作用.方法 将C57BL/6小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞按照3×104/孔的密度预先接种至24孔培养板,次日分离纯化BALB/c小鼠胰岛,将其分为链脲菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)处理(诱导化学损伤)、混合淋巴细胞反应(mixed lymphocyte reaction,MLR)处理(诱导免疫损伤)、空白处理三组,与预先接种的MSCs进行共培养.作为实验对照,另设三组胰岛在不加MSCs的条件下进行体外培养.5 d后,用吖啶橙(acridine orange,AO)/碘化丙啶(propidium iodide,PI)荧光染色评估胰岛活力,葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌实验检测其功能,比较MSCs共培养组与对照组胰岛在低糖、高糖刺激下的胰岛素分泌量及刺激指数(即高糖刺激胰岛素分泌量/低糖刺激胰岛素分泌量比值).结果 AO/PI染色显示,STZ或MLR处理的胰岛中有大量红色荧光的死细胞,而与MSCs共培养的胰岛中死细胞明显减少,绿色荧光的活细胞明显增加;STZ或MLR处理组胰岛在低糖、高糖刺激下的胰岛素分泌水平及刺激指数均显著下降,而与MSCs共培养者较相应对照组胰岛功能明显改善(P＜0.05).结论 小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞可减轻同种异体胰岛的化学及免疫损伤,保护游离胰岛的活力与功能.

Abstract：

Objective To study the protection of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( MSCs) for allogenic islets. Method MSCs from C57BL/6 mice were preceded to a 24-well culture plate with the density of 3 × 104/well. On the second day, islets were isolated, purified and divided to undergo streptozotocin (STZ) induced chemical injury and mixed lymphocyte reaction ( MLR) respectively. Then, treated and control islets were respectively divided into the following groups: islets + MSCs, STZ-islets + MSCs, and MLR-islets + MSCs. As control groups for their counterparts, treated or non-treated islets were also cultured without MSCs. On the 5th day incubation, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion test was performed to assess the function of islets in different groups, comparing their insulin-secretion amount stimulated by low or high glucose and the stimulation index determined by the ratio of (insulin amount secreted under high-glucose stimulation)/(insulin amount secreted under low-glucose stimulation ). Islet viability was evaluated by acridine orange (AO)/propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence staining. Result As shown by AO/PI staining, large numbers of dead cell with red fluorescence could be observed in STZ- or MLR- treated islets without MSCs, while the number of dead cells obviously reduced in MSC-cocultured islets with increased viable cells of green fluorescence. STZ- or MLR- treated islets exhibited apparently decreased insulin-secretion amount either under low- or high-glucose stimulation, as well as the stimulation index. The insulin-secretion function was significantly improved in islets cocultured with allogenic MSCs (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions Bone marrow-derived MSCs can protect isolated allogenic islets against chemical and immunological injury.     

慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化患者Th1／Th2细胞及其细胞因子的变化

目的探讨Th1／Th2细胞及其分泌的细胞因子在慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）肝纤维化患者发生发展中的作用。方法选取2011年3—10月在河北医科大学第三医院感染科接受肝组织病理活检的CHB肝纤维化患者46例,根据纤维化分期分为S0～1期15例,S2～3期20例,S4期11例三组,另取同期健康志愿者10名作为健康对照组。用流式细胞术和实时荧光定量PCR检测外周血Th1、Th2细胞频率和单个核细胞（PBMCs）中干扰素γ（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素4（IL-4）基因表达;用ELISA法检测血清IFN-γ和IL-4水平;用免疫组织化学染色检测肝组织IFN-γ和IL4表达。应用Spearman相关分析、Kruskal—WallisH检验、Logistic逐步回归方法分析Th1／Th2细胞及其细胞因子在CHB肝纤维化患者外周血和肝组织中的变化。结果不同肝纤维化分期的CHB患者外周血Th1／Th2细胞频率的比值、PBMCs中IFN-γ／IL-4mRNA、血清中IFN-γ／IL-4及肝内IFN-γ／IL-4差异均有统计学意义,并随肝纤维化程度加重逐渐下降（χ2=36．259、40．822、26．321和31．852,P〈0．05）。血清及肝组织中IFN-γ,／IL-4比值与肝纤维分期均呈负相关（r=-0．616和-0．531,P〈0．01）。Logistic回归分析显示：AST、凝血酶原时间（PT）和血清IFN-γ／IL4比值是发生显著肝纤维化（S2-4）的三个独立危险因素（OR=5．933,95％CI：1．324～26．586,P=0．02;OR=12．866,95％CI：1．746～94．788,P=0．01;OR=4．755,95％CI：1．034～21．862,P：0．04）。结论CHB患者体内存在Th1／Th2失衡,随着肝纤维化进展,外周血及肝脏内均呈现Th2应答的极化现象,这可能是CHB肝纤维化发生发展的一种机制。     

肝干细胞移植治疗终末期肝病的进展

近年来,肝干细胞的研究成为全球研究人员所关注的热点,并为各种终末期肝病的治疗开辟了崭新的思路。本文就肝干细胞的来源及其在治疗终末期肝病中的临床应用,以及相关前沿、存在问题和展望作一综述。     

强直性脊柱炎骨髓间充质干细胞诱导Th17/Treg失衡

目的观察强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者外周血白介素(IL)-17A、IL-23水平及Th17/Treg比例,探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)与Th17/Treg体外相互作用,为研究AS发生机制提供理论依据。方法研究对象为48例活动期AS患者[实验组,男43例、女5例,年龄(26.2±5.2)岁,均为HLA-B27~+]和49例健康志愿者[对照组,男44例、女5例,年龄(25.9±4.8)岁,HLA-B27~+43例、HLA-B27~-6例]。ELISA检测外周血清中IL-17A及IL-23水平,流式细胞术检测外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)中的CCR4~+CCR6~+Th细胞(Th17)及Treg细胞数量。分离健康志愿者的PBMCs,将PBMCs分别与AS患者及健康志愿者的BMSCs体外共培养72 h,收集PBMCs行流式细胞术检测,评价BMSCs与Th17/Treg体外的相互作用。结果实验组与对照组血清IL-17A及IL-23的表达水平相近(P0.05);实验组Th17细胞明显高于对照组(P0.05),而Treg细胞明显低于对照组(P0.05)。与健康志愿者BMSCs共培养72 h后的PBMCs中Th17较培养前轻度下降,Treg轻度上升,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);而与AS患者BMSCs共培养72 h的PBMCs中Th17较培养前及对照组均明显上升,Treg均明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 AS患者PBMCs中Th17/Treg细胞亚群失衡。免疫抑制能力明显下降的BMSCs极可能通过诱导Th17/Treg失衡而在AS免疫发生机制中发挥重要作用。     

骨髓间充质干细胞对肝癌影响作用的研究进展

肝癌术后患者常因肝脏组织代偿和恢复功能受限,术后急性肝衰竭的发病率及病死率较高.骨髓间充质干细胞可以在肝脏微环境下直接分化为新的肝细胞,通过分泌营养因子促进组织修复、参与免疫调节、抗纤维化和抑制肝星状细胞和肝原细胞的活性等,对肝损伤及肝功能不全具有较好的疗效.然而骨髓间充质干细胞同时具有致瘤性和促进肿瘤生长的作用.利用骨髓间充质干细胞预防和治疗肝癌术后肝衰竭的发生是否安全可靠,这是目前研究的热点问题.本文就骨髓间充质干细胞对于原发性肝癌影响作用的研究进展进行综述,以期为干细胞的临床应用提供理论基础.     

体外调节Th1/Th2平衡治疗脑胶质瘤

目的 观察外源性细胞因子白细胞介素( IL)-2、干扰素(IFN)-γ和IL-4单克隆抗体(McAb)、IL-10 McAb在体外能否促使Th2型细胞因子分泌优势向Th1型逆转,抑制胶质瘤细胞生长。方法 体外培养大鼠C6胶质瘤细胞,加入外源性细胞因子共同孵育,光学显微镜观察细胞形态学变化,噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测细胞增殖抑制率,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测Th1/Th2类细胞因子表达变化。结果 实验组较对照组细胞体积变小,生长密度低,细胞数目少;实验组与对照组比较细胞增殖抑制率分别为(26.41 ±3.60)％,其A值与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。对照组细胞只表达Th2类细胞因子,Th1类细胞因子表达缺如,实验组IFN-γ表达增加,IL-4和IL-10表达减弱,但是未见IL-2表达。结论 外源性细胞因子能够抑制脑胶质瘤细胞的生长,促进Th2型细胞因子分泌优势向Th1型逆转。     

慢病毒对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞生物学特性的影响

目的 探讨慢病毒对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rMSCs)生物学特性的影响.方法 将含有绿色荧光蛋白基因的慢病毒感染第3代rMSCs.观察感染的rMSCs的形态学;感染的rMSCs与FITC标记的抗大鼠CD29抗体、PE标记的抗大鼠CD90抗体及APC标记的抗大鼠CIM5抗体孵育后,立即检测细胞表面CD29、CD90、CD45的表达水平;感染的rMSCs在成骨诱导培养基中培养21 d时,观察骨细胞的形成情况;感染的rMSCs在成脂肪诱导培养基中培养14 d时,观察脂肪细胞的形成情况;感染的rMSCs培养1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8 d时测定细胞活力;感染的rMSCs在琼脂培养基中培养21 d时,观察细胞克隆的形成情况;将感染的rMSCs接种于BALB/c-nu/nu裸鼠背部,观察接种后42 d内接种部位肿瘤的形成情况.结果 感染的rMSCs的形态学无改变,表达CD29+ CD90+ CD45-,具有形成骨细胞和脂肪细胞的能力,细胞活力无明显改变,无细胞克隆形成,接种裸鼠后接种部位未见肿瘤形成.结论 慢病毒对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞生物学特性无影响.     

间质性膀胱炎与1型/2型辅助性T淋巴细胞漂移的相关研究

目的 探讨间质性膀胱炎(IC)患者血浆及膀胱黏膜1型/2型辅助性T淋巴细胞(Th1/Th2)与免疫调节失衡的关系.方法 女性IC患者血浆及黏膜标本16例,输尿管结石患者标本16例作为对照组.2组患者性别及年龄匹配.IC患者符合美国糖尿病、消化及肾病协会诊断标准.依据盆腔疼痛和尿急/尿频症状评分(PUF评分)结果分为低评分(0～20分)和高评分(21～35分)2组.采用酶联免疫吸附试验和免疫组化染色检测2组患者血浆和膀胱黏膜中Th1(IFN-γ和IL2)和Th2(IL-4和IL-10)细胞因子表达情况. 结果①IC患者血浆IFN-γ、IL-2表达量分别为(4.57±2.92)、(17.52±7.52)pg/ml,对照组分别为(4.11±2.27)、(20.99±5.09)pg/ml,2组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);IC患者血浆IL-4、IL-10表达量分别为(O.34±0.22)、(4.37±2.34)pg/ml,对照组分别为(0.14±0.07)、(1.18±0.61)pg/ml,2组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).②IC患者和对照组膀胱黏膜标本中IFN-γ、IL-2表达强度比较χ2值=1.900、0.514,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);2组IL-4、IL-10表达强度比较χ2值=8.237、8.209,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).③IC患者PUF低评分组血浆IL-4、IL-10表达量分别为(0.16±0.11)、(2.42±1.27)pg/ml,高评分组分别为(0.53±0.12)、(6.31±1.21)pg/ml,2组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组膀胱黏膜标本IL-4表达强度比较χ2＝7.608,γ3＝0.467,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);IL-10表达强度比较χ2＝8.844,γ3＝0.517,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 IC患者存在免疫调节失衡,Th2介导的体液免疫反应增强,且免疫失衡随症状程度而加重.     

Human liver stem cells alleviate Con-A induced liver injury by regulating the balance of Treg/Th17 cells

BackgroundLiver injury is a serious threat to human health that has become a worldwide problem. To date, there is still no effective treatment strategy. In the present study, we examined the protective effects of Human liver stem cells (HLSCs) against concanavalin A (Con A)-induced acute liver injury.MethodsIsolated HLSCs were characterized by microscopy, functional assays, and gene expression. HLSCs or HLSCs culture medium were transplanted in mice for 12 h and subsequently challenged with Con A via tail-vein injection. The effects were evaluated through survival rate, histology, blood tests, TUNEL assay, quantitative RT-PCR and flow cytometry. CellTracker™ CM-Dil labled HLSCs were tracked by fluorescence microscope.ResultsTransplantation of HLSCs reduced the mortality rate, reduced the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL), narrowed the area of liver necrosis, and inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis induced by Con A. Injection of HLSCs culture medium could also alleviate Con A-induced liver injury. Of note, HLSCs-transplanted mice exhibited lower frequencies of Th17 cells and higher frequencies of Tregs in their liver and spleen following Con A injection. Moreover, transplantation of HLSCs significantly reduced the expression of IL-17A, IL-17F and ROR-γt induced by Con A, while reversed Con A-induced downregulation of Foxp3 expression and IL-10.ConclusionsHLSCs protect mice from immune-mediated liver injury by regulating the balance of Treg/Th17 cells, suggesting that transplantation of HLSCs is a potential and effective therapeutic method for amelioration of liver injury.     

SDF-1/CXCR4轴在骨髓间充质干细胞移植促进胰岛再生中的作用

目的 观察同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)移植入受体后,基质细胞衍生因子(SDF)-1/CXCR4轴在促进残存胰岛及其周围新生血管增殖中的作用.方法 对大鼠MSCs进行体外培养、鉴定.链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的糖尿病大鼠随机分为A组(MSCs移植组)、B组(MSCs移植+SDF-I/CXCR4轴阻断剂AMD组)和C组(糖尿病对照组),另设D组(正常大鼠对照组).移植MSCs后第30天取出各组大鼠胰腺和血清,胰腺组织采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色和免疫组织化学法观察CD31、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、胰腺干细胞标志物(PDX)-1在胰腺组织的表达水平.血糖仪检测血糖水平、放免法检测胰岛素水平、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测SDF-1水平.结果 (1)A组残存胰岛周围可见新生血管,CD31、PCNA、PDX-1染色阳性率分别为(71.2±5.3)%、(76.5±4.5)%、(69.8±6.7)%;B组残存胰岛周围基本未见新生血管,CD31、PCNA、PDX-1染色阳性率分别为(7.4±2.1)%、(5.5±3.7)%、(8.8±2.9)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)移植后第25天,A组血糖浓度基本正常,低于B组和C组,而胰岛素水平明显高于B组和C组(P＜0.05).(3)A组与B组血清SDF-1水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但都明显高于C组(P＜0.05).结论 MSCs促进胰岛再生和新生血管形成,AMD3100能抑制MSCs的作用,进而提示SDF-1/CXCR4轴在胰岛再生和血管形成中具有重要作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the role of stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXCR4axis in recipients' remnant islets regeneration and neovascularization after the transplantation of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods MSCs were isolated from SD rats, cultured in vitro and identified by testing the phenotypes with flow cytometry ( FCM ). The diabetic rats induced by streptozotozin were randomly divided into group A ( MSCs transplant group), group B ( MSCs transplant +AMD group) and group C ( DM control group). Group D serve as the normal control. The pancreata were removed and blood serum was retrieved from each group simultaneously at the 13th day after MSCs transplant. The expression of CD31, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and PDX-1 in each group of pancreas tissue was detected by using immunohistochemistry, and the morphological changes in the isletswere observed by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining. Serum glucose and insulin levels were determined by blood glucose monitor, radioimmunoscintigraphy, and SDF-1 in serum was by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Neovascularization was observed in the remnant islets of the recipient pancreatic tissue and CD31 -positive cells (71.2 ± 5.3 ) %, PCNA-positive cells ( 76. 5 ± 4. 5 ) %, PDX-1-positive cells (69. 8 ±6. 7)% were highly expressed in group A. As compared with group A, seldom-positive cells[CD31 (7.4±2. 1)%, PCNA (5.5 ±3.7)% and PDX-1 (8.8 ±2.9)%]and rarely neovascularization were observed in group B (P ＜0. 05 ). Serum glucose level in group A was lower than that in group B and group C, but serum insulin level in group A was significantly higher than that in group B and group C (P ＜ 0. 05 ). There was no significant difference between group A and group B in serum SDF-1level ( P ＞ 0. 05 ), but that was higher in groups A and B than in group C ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Obviously, MSCs promote recipient neovascularization surrounding the islets, which enhances the proliferation and regeneration of remnant islets. AMD 3100 has the function of intervening SDF-1/CXCR4 axis,which inhibits the effect of MSCs on promoting islets regeneration. It is suggested that SDF-1/CXCR4 axis may play an important role in vascularization and islets regeneration.     

Sensitive balance of suppressing and activating effects of mesenchymal stem cells on T-cell proliferation

The human leukocyte antigen-independent immune-modulatory potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) makes them a promising candidate for clinical cell therapy. A better understanding of their "immune-privileged" status is therefore of high priority. Here we used Ki-67-antigen staining to estimate T-cell alloreactivity in mixed lymphocyte cultures in the presence of hMSC as second or third party. We found that the allostimulatory activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) leading to an increased T-cell proliferation and interleukin-2 secretion is measurable only at low MSC/effector ratios (< or =0.1:1). Moreover, this stimulating effect could be efficiently suppressed by MSC-conditioned medium. This suggests that the "immune-privileged" status of MSC exists only when MSC-mediated downregulation of immune cell activation can overrule their own allostimulatory potential. Thus the "immune-privileged" state of MSC represents a sensitive balance of suppressing and activating effects, which should be considered in a clinical setting with limited cell amounts.     

氯诺昔康超前镇痛对胃癌患者围术期Th1/Th2平衡的影响

目的 观察氯诺昔康超前镇痛对胃癌患者围术期Th细胞漂移的影响.方法 30例全麻下行胃癌根治术的患者随机均分为两组.Ⅰ组患者术前给予氯诺昔康8mg.手术后PCA泵以氯诺昔康和吗啡镇痛;Ⅱ组仪在术后经PCA泵给予吗啡镇痛.分别于术前(T_0)、术毕(T_1)、术后24 h(T_2)、72 h(T_3)抽取外周血.测定血浆皮质醇(Cor)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)浓度.结果 与T_0,时比较,Ⅱ组T_1、T_2时Cor升高.I组Cor仅在T_1时升高(P<0.05).与Ⅱ组比较,I组T_1、T_2时Cor明显降低(P<0.05).Ⅰ组T_2时IL-4低于T_0(P<0.05).与Ⅱ组比较.Ⅰ组T_3时IL-4明显降低(P<0.05).与T_0时比较,两组T_1～T_3时IFN-γ明显上升(P<0.05).Ⅰ组T_1、T_2时IFN-γ明显高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05).与T_0时比较,两组T_1～T_3.时IFN-γ/IL-4均升高(P<0.05);Ⅰ组T_2时IFN-γ/IL-4明显高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05).结论 氯诺昔康超前镇痛能减轻胃癌患者手术后Th1/Th2半衡的漂移程度.改善机体外科创伤后免疫受抑状态.     

慢性重型乙型肝炎Th1／Th2平衡状态与预后关系的研究

目的研究慢性重型乙型肝炎Th1／Th2类细胞因子的水平及其对预后的影响。方法采集112例慢性重型乙型肝炎患者外周血,以30例慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者和30名健康体检者作为对照,应用ELISA法检测IL-4和IFN-γ水平,荧光PCR法检测HBVDNA载量,分析重型肝炎患者不同分期细胞因子水平以及与HBVDNA载量及短期预后的关系。结果慢性重型乙型肝炎患者外周血IL-4、IFN-γ水平和Th1／Th2比值明显高于CHB患者和健康体检者（z值分别为8．968,10．004和26．067,P值分别为0．009,0．007和0．000）;晚期重型肝炎患者的IL-4水平明显高于早、中期患者（z值分别为3．672和3．158,P值分别为0．000和0．002）,但Th1／Th2比值低于早、中期患者（Z值分别为3．161和2．166,P值分别为0．002和0．030）;不同HBVDNA复制水平的重型肝炎患者IL4、IFN-γ及Th1／Th2比值差异无统计学意义（z值分别为4．431,2．626和0．140,P值分别为0．219,0．403和0．987）;但患者外周血IL4浓度越高,12周的病死率越高。结论Th1／Th2失衡导致重型肝炎的发生,随着病情加重,Th1／Th2比值下降,提示短期预后不良。     

SDF-1/CXCR4信号轴调控骨髓间充质干细胞向哮喘小鼠肺组织的迁移

目的：探讨基质细胞衍生因子-1（SDF-1）/CXCR4轴在外源性骨髓间充质干细胞（MSC）向哮喘模型小鼠肺组织迁移的作用.方法：无菌条件下取GFP转基因小鼠骨髓MSC,体外扩增,鉴定.采用Transwell培养系统,观察0、50、100、150和200 ng/ml SDF-1和CXCR4阻断剂AMD3100对MSC体外定向迁移的影响.取60只雌性BALB/c小鼠,随机分为6组（n=10）：PBS非哮喘组、MSC非哮喘组、PBS哮喘组、MSC哮喘组、SDF-1处理哮喘组、AMD3100处理哮喘组.哮喘组采用哮喘致敏液0.2 ml（含100 μg卵白蛋白）致敏,并使用卵白蛋白雾化吸入激发哮喘.非哮喘组在致敏和激发时均予以PBS处理.MSC处理组于哮喘激发前移植外源性MSC.SDF-1处理哮喘组在MSC移植前气管内注入SDF-1,AMD3100处理哮喘组注入AMD3100预先孵育的MSC.PBS哮喘组注射等量的PBS液.采用Westernablot和RT-PCR方法检测肺组织中SDF-1的表达水平,通过荧光显微镜观察表达GFP的外源性MSC在哮喘小鼠肺组织中的分布情况,比较SDF-1和CXCR4阻断剂AMD3100干预对MSC向肺组织迁移的影响.结果：Transwell实验显示MSC的迁移水平与SDF-1（0~150军ng/ml）成浓度依赖性.与正常小鼠比较,哮喘小鼠肺组织SDF-1表达增强.与MSC非哮喘组比较,MSC哮喘组小鼠肺部有更多MSC聚集.在哮喘肺组织中增加外源性SDF-1能够促进MSC向肺组织迁移.通过AMD3100阻断MSC的CXCR4可以明显减少MSC向肺组织的迁移水平.结论：SDF-1/CXCR4轴参与了MSC迁移到哮喘小鼠肺组织的过程.     

Effects of geldanamycin and thalidomide on the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in mice subjected to operative trauma

BACKGROUND: Persistence of postoperative immune dysfunction is a critical problem because it increases the risk of serious infectious complications. The mechanisms of the immune dysfunction that occur initially after non-thermal operative injury remain to be fully elucidated. METHODS: Two mouse models of operative trauma (simple laparotomy to represent minor operative injury and ileocecal resection to represent major operative injury) were used to define the characteristics of initial cytokine synthesis. Geldanamycin and thalidomide were independently added intraperitoneally before and after operative injury to examine the effect on postoperative immune dysfunction. Mice were sacrificed at scheduled times (3, 6, 12, and 24 h after operative injury) and TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 were analyzed. Spleen was used for intracellular cytokines and RT-PCR. Sera were used for ELISA. RESULTS: Major operative injury caused an initial upregulation of IL-10 synthesis with delayed synthesis of TNF-alpha and IL-2. Minor operative injury caused an early induction of IL-2 synthesis preceded by an initial induction of IL-4 synthesis. GA caused a specific early upregulation of TNF-alpha mRNA expression and intracellular TNF-alpha synthesis. The GA and THD groups showed early serum IL-2 production with reduction of IL-10 mRNA expression and intracellular IL-10 synthesis in the early post-operative phase. CONCLUSIONS: Major and minor operative injury showed different Th1/Th2 cytokine patterns in the initial post-operative period. Geldanamycin and thalidomide improved the Th1/Th2 imbalance independently after major operative injury.