非瓣膜性心脏病患者心房颤动发作持续时间不同对P波离散度的影响

目的　分析非瓣膜性心脏病患者心房颤动发作持续时间不同对P波离散度的影响。方法　根据房颤发作持续时间不同将 6 7例非瓣膜性心脏病患者分为两组 :短时房颤组 (≤ 4 8小时 ) 35例和长时房颤组 (>4 8小时 ,<3个月 ) 32例。同步体表 12导联心电图 ,计算P波最大时限和P波离散度 ;超声心动图测定左心房内径 ;分析P波最大时限和P波离散度与临床、超声参数之间的相关关系。结果　两组在年龄、性别和基础疾病组成方面无差别。长时房颤组左心房内径显著高于短时房颤组 [(40 .5 9± 2 .5 8)mmvs (38.6 0± 3.4 3)mm ,t =2 .70 4 ,P =0 .0 0 9]、P波最大时限长 [(12 2 .91± 11.74 )msvs(114 .6 9± 9.2 2 )ms,t =3.16 8,P =0 .0 0 2 ]、P波离散度大 [(6 0 .5 3± 11.14 )msvs(5 1.6 6± 10 .6 1)ms ,t =3.331,P =0 .0 0 1]。相关分析显示P波最大时限和P波离散度均与房颤发作持续时间 (r值分别为 0 .6 88,0 .5 4 6 ;P 均 <0 .0 0 1)和左心房内径相关 (r值分别为 0 .716 ,0 .6 0 3;P 均 <0 .0 0 1) ,与年龄无关。结论　长时房颤组较短时房颤组P波最大时限长和P波离散度大 ,与左心房扩大有关。     

无创检查可预测器质性心脏病房颤的发生

目的　研究无创检查对器质性心脏病房颤的预测。方法　总结我院近 5年来收治的 15 4例器质性心脏病患者的超声心动图及心电图检查资料 ,进行回顾性研究。测量 6 8例房颤组患者和 86例非房颤组患者的左房内径(LAD)、左室内径 (LVD)、左室射血分数 (LVEF)、左室舒张功能、最大P波 (Pmax)、最小P波 (Pmin)、P波离散度(pd)。 结果　两组病例 (房颤组vs非房颤组 ) :LAD(43.0 7± 6 .77)mmvs(36 .96± 5 .5 4 )mm、Pmax(12 3.0 7± 9.94 )msvs(113.0 1± 10 .86 )ms、Pd(6 3.6 5± 9.4 9)msvs(5 2 .6 1± 11.82 )ms,差异有统计学意义 (均为P <0 .0 0 1) ;年龄(6 9.5± 8.3)岁vs(6 5 .9± 11.1)岁 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;左室舒张功能、P波离散度及左房内径与房颤关系密切。结论　测量窦性心律时左室舒张功能、P波离散度及左房内径可以预测器质性心脏病房颤的危险。     

Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell therapy for patients with ischemic heart disease and ischemic heart failure

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to assess whether bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) therapy may improve cardiac functional parameters in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) or ischemic heart failure (IHF).

Methods: Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched from web databases. Weighted mean difference was calculated for changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes by using a random effects model.

Results: 13 RCTs met inclusion criteria. Compared with controls, BMMNCs therapy improved LVEF by 3.83% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.10 – 5.56%; p < 0.0001) in patients with ischemic heart conditions. Notably, in patients with IHF, a more severe clinical condition when compared with IHD, BMMNCs therapy appeared more effective in LVEF improvement. While LVEF increased by 5.67% (95% CI: 3.65 – 7.69%; p < 0.00001) in IHF patients, it only increased by 2.19% (95% CI: 0.37 – 4.00%; p = 0.02) in patients with IHD.

Conclusions: BMMNCs therapy is associated with moderate but significant improvement over regular therapy in LVEF in patients with IHD and IHF. This observation, therefore, supports further RCTs conducting safety and efficiency of BMMNCs therapy with longer-term follow-up.     

器质性心脏病心房颤动患者的药物治疗

心房颤动(房颤)是临床常见的心律失常之一,致残、致死率高。房颤的治疗策略包括抗凝预防血栓栓塞、转复和维持窦性心律、心室率控制,药物治疗是房颤治疗的基础,但器质性心脏病合并房颤的处理有其特殊性,本文对器质性心脏病合并房颤的药物治疗予以综述。     

Population pharmacokinetic analysis of the oral thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation from the RE‐LY trial

Summary. Background: Dabigatran etexilate (DE) is an orally absorbed prodrug of dabigatran, a thrombin inhibitor that exerts potent anticoagulant and antithrombotic activity. Objectives: To characterize the pharmacokinetics of dabigatran in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) from the Randomized Evaluation of Long‐term Anticoagulant Therapy (RE‐LY) trial and to quantify the effect of selected factors on pharmacokinetic (PK) model parameters. Patients and methods: A total of 27 706 dabigatran plasma concentrations from 9522 patients who received DE 110 or 150 mg twice daily were analyzed with non‐linear mixed‐effects modeling. Results: The pharmacokinetics of dabigatran were best described by a two‐compartment disposition model with first‐order absorption. The covariates creatinine clearance (CRCL), age, sex, heart failure and the ethnic subgroup ‘South Asian’ exhibited statistically significant effects on apparent clearance of dabigatran. Body weight and hemoglobin significantly influenced the apparent volume of distribution of the central compartment. Concomitant medication with proton‐pump inhibitors, amiodarone and verapamil significantly affected the bioavailability. However, all of the statistically significant factors that were identified, except for renal function status, showed only small to moderate effects (< 26% change in exposure at steady state). On the basis of simulations from the final population PK model, a dose of 75 mg twice daily would result in similar exposure for severely renally impaired patients with CRCL of 15–30 mL min^?1 and patients with normal renal function receiving 150 mg twice daily. Conclusions: The analysis provides a thorough PK characterization of dabigatran in the AF patient population from RE‐LY. None of the covariates investigated, with the exception of renal function, warrants dose adjustment.     

瓣膜置换术同期行射频消融术治疗风湿性心脏病合并房颤的术后护理

目的总结瓣膜置换术同期行射频消融术治疗风湿性心脏病合并房颤的术后护理要点。方法对行瓣膜置换术同期行射频消融术后的患者做好各项护理,包括监测心率、心律变化及合理应用胺碘酮,临时起搏器的规范使用,维护内环境稳定及心功能,胸腔引流液量的重要性和及时处理,以及应用口服抗凝药的护理指导。结果本组53例患者手术成功,均为窦性心律,1例因肝肾功能衰竭死亡。结论射频消融术后护理尤其重要,对患者术后生活质量的提高有一定的改善。     

前列地尔对肺心病心衰患者内皮素、心钠素的影响

目的 了解前列地尔对肺心病心衰患者血浆内皮素、心钠素的影响及PaO2、PaCO2,心功能的变化。方法 使用放免法测定40例慢性肺心病心衰患者静滴前列地尔前后血浆内皮素、心钠素浓度 ,同时检测PaO2、PaCO2 及观察心功能变化。结果 肺心病心衰患者的血浆内皮素 ,心钠素浓度显著高于健康组 ( p<0.001) ,静滴前列地尔后血浆内皮素、心钠素显著降低(t=3.82和3.75,p均<0.001) ,36例血气显著改善(p<0.01～0.001) ,39例心衰改善。结论 血浆内皮素、心钠素参与肺心心衰的发生与发展 ,前列地尔能够降低血浆内皮素、心钠素 ,改善血气 ,纠正心衰。     

Vascular endothelial growth factor‐transfected adipose‐derived stromal cells enhance bone regeneration and neovascularization from bone marrow stromal cells

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐transfected adipose‐derived stromal cells (ADSCs^VEGF) were devised to promote bone regeneration and neovascularization of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). ADSCs^VEGF were added to BMSCs and cocultured in variable proportions. ADSCs^VEGF alone or ADSCs^VEGF with BMSCs (BMSCs:ADSCs^VEGF ratio of 1:0.025–0.5) induced significantly greater tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells than untransfected ADSCs. The cocultures of BMSCs and ADSCs^VEGF at ratios of 1: 0.025–0.1 showed significantly greater osteogenic differentiation and mineralization than BMSCs alone in vitro. Osteogenic markers COL1A1, OCN and BSP were most effectively induced at the BMSC: ADSC^VEGF ratio of 1:0.05. Of angiogenesis‐related genes, upregulation of cathepsin Z and downregulation of early growth response 1 were observed while two osteogenesis‐related genes, osteoactivin and tetranectin, were upregulated in BMSCs/ADSCs^VEGF compared to BMSCs/ADSCs. When critical size calvarial defects in rats were implanted with mixture of BMSCs and ADSCs^VEGF along with hydroxyapatite/β‐tricalcium phosphate granules, BMSCs and ADSCs^VEGF at the ratio of 1:0.05 showed better bone regeneration that BMSCs alone. The cotransplantation of ADSCs^VEGF with BMSCs significantly increased neovascularization on the regenerated bone of the repaired defect than BMSCs alone. In conclusion, ADSCs^VEGF added in small proportion to BMSCs effectively promote bone regeneration and neovascularization. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The patterns of anticoagulation control and the risk of stroke,bleeding and mortality in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation

Summary. Background: Anticoagulation control is often summarized using the percentage of time spent in a therapeutic range (TTR). This method does not describe the timing and severity of fluctuations in the International Normalised Ratio (INR).Objective: To evaluate whether the TTR method can be improved by considering the patterns of INR over time.Methods: The cohort included adults aged 40+ years with atrial fibrillation (AF) and laboratory records of INR as recorded in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Statistical clustering techniques based on simple INR measures were used to describe the patterns of INR. Nested case–control studies calculated the odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of stroke, bleeding and mortality with TTR and different INR patterns. It was also evaluated whether cluster analyses improved the prediction of outcomes over TTR.Results: A number of 27 381 patients were studied with a mean age of 73 years. The OR for mortality was 3.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.03–4.68) in patients with < 30% TTR compared with patients with 100% TTR. INR patterns were found to be best described by six different clusters. The cluster with the most unstable pattern was associated with the largest risk of mortality (OR 10.7, 95% CI 8.27–13.85) and stroke (OR 3.42, 95% CI 2.08–5.63). INR measures that predicted death independent of the TTR‐included absolute difference between two subsequent INR measurements and change relative to the mean over time.Conclusion: Cluster analysis of INR patterns improved the prediction of clinical outcomes over TTR and may help to identify warfarin users who need additional anticoagulation monitoring.     

Human corneal fibroblast migration and extracellular matrix synthesis during stromal repair: Role played by platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB,basic fibroblast growth factor,and transforming growth factor‐β1

The development of treatments that modulate corneal wound healing to avoid fibrosis during tissue repair is important for the restoration of corneal transparency after an injury. To date, few studies have studied the influence of growth factors (GFs) on human corneal fibroblast (HCF) expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as collagen types I and III, proteoglycans such as perlecan, or proteins implicated in cellular migration such as α5β1‐integrin and syndecan‐4. Using in vitro HCFs, a mechanical wound model was developed to study the influence of the GFs basic fibroblast GF (bFGF), platelet‐derived GF (PDGF‐BB) and transforming GF‐β1 (TGFβ1) on ECM protein production and cellular migration. Our results show that mechanical wounding provokes the autocrine release of bFGF and TGFβ1 at different time points during the wound closure. The HCF response to PDGF‐BB was a rapid closure due to fast cellular migration associated with a high focal adhesion replacement and a high expression of collagen and proteoglycans, producing nonfibrotic healing. bFGF stimulated nonfibrotic ECM production and limited the migration process. Finally, TGFβ1 induced expression of the fibrotic markers collagen type III and α5β1 integrin, and it inhibited cellular migration due to the formation of focal adhesions with a low turnover rate. The novel in vitro HCF mechanical wound model can be used to understand the role played by GFs in human corneal repair. The model can also be used to test the effects of different treatments aimed at improving the healing process. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

心房纤颤心室率对心力衰竭患者血清NT-proBNP浓度的影响

目的 探讨心房纤颤(简称房颤)心室率对心力衰竭患者血清N-端脑利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)浓度的影响.方法入选101例心力衰竭患者,按心电图诊断分为快速型房颤组(心室率大于100次/分,n=33)、普通型房颤组(心室率60～100次/分,n=32)和窦性心律组(n=36),再按纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能分级标准分为心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ级3个亚组.采用胶体金法检测受试者血清NT-proBNP浓度并进行统计学分析.结果快速型房颤组、普通型房颤组及窦性心律组患者血清NT-proBNP浓度随NYHA心功能分级增加呈增高趋势,每组各亚组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).窦性心律组、普通型房颤组、快速型房颤组患者血清NT-proBNP浓度在一定程度上呈增高趋势,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).在相同心功能分级亚组,快速型房颤组患者血清NT-proBNP浓度显著高于窦性心律组和普通型房颤组(P＜0.05),而普通型房颤组与窦性心律组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 血清NT-proBNP浓度与心力衰竭严重程度相关;房颤对心力衰竭患者血清NT-proBNP浓度有一定影响,房颤心室率增快(超过100次/分)对血清NT-proBNP浓度影响越明显.     

非器质性心脏病心房颤动的治疗策略进展

心房颤动(房颤)是一种常见的心律失常。根据房颤的症状和时程可分为首发房颤、阵发性房颤、持续性房颤、长程持续性房颤和永久性房颤。根据血流动力性是否稳定和病程长短,可选择复律维持窦性心律策略、心室率控制策略和长期抗凝策略。新型口服抗凝剂可作为传统口服抗凝药物(OAC)的替代选择。除了药物治疗措施之外,房颤进行导管消融的地位逐渐提高,特别是对于非器质性心脏病的阵发性房颤患者,已经从过去的药物治疗失败后的可选治疗策略发展成为一线治疗策略。