超声引导下应用自动活检枪行肾穿刺活检149例分析

目的:探讨超声引导下应用自动活检枪行肾穿刺活检的注意事项及优越性。方法:回顾性分析149例超声引导下应用自动活检枪行肾穿刺活检患者的临床资料。结果:第1次穿刺1针成功率为91.28%,2针成功率为5.37%,3针成功率为2.68%;行2次穿刺1例(0.67%)。术后并发症发生率6.04%(9/149),1例(0.67%)需特殊处理,余自行好转。结论:超声引导下应用自动活检枪行肾活检穿刺是一种安全可靠、迅速准确、操作简单及并发症少的组织学取材方法。     

B超引导自动活检枪肾活检术成功率与并发症分析

目的探讨B超引导下自动活检枪经皮肾穿刺活检的成功率、并发症及有关影响因素。方法选择肾下极近外缘处皮质较厚部位，在B超引导下应用自动活检枪进行经皮肾穿刺活检。并运用单因素和多因素统计方法对有关因素进行分析。结果102例肾活检取材成功98例（96．1％），出现并发症9例（8．8％），未出现严重并发症。不同取材长度、穿刺次数与活检成功率无显著关系。Logistic回归分析提示穿刺次数、年龄为促进并发症的危险因素（P〈0．05）。结论超声引导下自动活检枪经皮肾脏穿刺术是一种成功率高而且并发症少的方法。肾活检成功率与取材长度、穿刺次数无关，而年龄、穿刺次数增加能增加并发症发生的危险性。     

超声引导下的自动肾穿刺活检术

目的 在超声专用穿刺探头的引导下使用自动活检枪进行肾穿刺活检，以提高活检成功率。方法 对77例病例行超声专用穿刺探头引导下的自动活检枪肾活检取材。结果 共穿刺77例，成功75例，成功率96．1％。结论 超声专用穿刺探头引导下的自动肾穿刺活检有较高的准确性及安全性。     

329例自动与半自动经皮肾穿刺活检术的成功率与出血并发症对比

目的探讨自动与半自动肾穿刺枪对肾穿刺活检术成功率与出血并发症的影响。方法回顾性分析2007年7月～2010年6月在厦门大学附属第一医院行肾穿刺活检术329例的临床资料。其中使用自动肾穿刺枪行肾穿刺活检术的患者156例为A组,使用半自动肾穿刺枪行肾穿刺活检术的患者173例为B组,对比观察两组肾活检的成功率及出血并发症的发生情况。结果自动肾穿刺枪行肾活检的成功率高于半自动肾穿刺枪行肾活检者(P0.005),出血并发症少于使用自动肾穿刺枪行肾活检者(P0.05)。结论使用自动肾穿刺枪行肾活检的成功率较高及出血并发症较少,值得临床上广泛应用。     

彩超引导斜角进针自动肾活检的临床研究

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)引导斜角进针肾组织自动活检的成功率、并发症和临床价值.方法应用内槽切割式自动活检装置,在彩色多普勒超声引导下斜角进针,对66例肾脏患者进行肾穿刺活检.结果一次穿刺成功66例,成功率100%,光镜下每例肾小球数目均数为(18±5)个,肉眼血尿2例,发生率3.0%.结论该方法具有操作简便,成功率高,并发症少等优点,值得广泛推广.     

普通B超探头引导经皮肾穿刺活检的临床研究

目的:探讨普通B超探头引导下经皮肾穿刺活检的成功率及并发症。方法:应用自动活检枪,在普通探头的引导下对586例肾脏疾病患者进行经皮肾穿刺活检。结果:穿刺成功578例,成功率98.63%,肉眼血尿发生率4.6%。结论:此方法操作简便、成功率高且并发症少。     

自动活检枪经皮肺及胸膜活检的临床应用

目的探讨超声引导下自动活检枪经皮肺穿刺及胸膜活检在临床中的价值。方法110例肺周围型病变(A组)及102例不明原因胸腔积液(B组)行穿刺活检。结果A组病理确诊率95.5%,B组病理确诊率91.2%。结论超声引导下自动活检枪经皮肺活检及胸膜活检安全、方便,确诊率高、并发症少。     

超声引导自动肾活检斜角进针法与垂直进针法对比研究

目的 :研究超声引导自动肾活检斜角进针与垂直进针取材情况和并发症的区别。方法 :超声引导下应用自动活检枪肾活检 12 6例 ,67例采用斜角进针法穿刺 ,5 9例采用垂直进针法穿刺 ,对两组穿刺取材情况和并发症作对比分析。结果 :两组穿刺成功率、平均穿刺次数和取材长度无明显差异 ;斜角进针组取材满意度 10 0 %,取得肾球数为 ( 19 9± 6 5 )个 ,单纯取得皮质和皮质 皮髓交界区组织者占 61 2 %,并发症为 1 5 %;垂直进针组相应为 96 6%( 14 3± 5 9)个、2 7 1%、11 9%,两组取得的肾小球数、取得肾组织的构成和并发症差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :超声引导自动肾活检 ,斜角进针比垂直进针取材更满意 ,并发症更少     

Orem自理模式在经皮肾穿刺活检术病人护理中的应用

[目的]探讨 Orem自理模式在经皮肾穿刺活检术护理中的应用效果。[方法]将80例在超声引导下行经皮肾穿刺活检术的病人随机分为对照组和观察组各40例。对照组采取常规护理模式,观察组采取 Orem自理模式对术前、术中、术后进行干预。比较两组病人术中配合程度、一次穿刺成功率和术后并发症。[结果]观察组病人术中配合程度、一次穿刺成功率优于对照组,术后并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]Orem自理模式应用于超声引导经皮肾穿刺活检术中,可有效提高术中病人配合程度和一次穿刺成功率,减少术后并发症的发生。     

急诊科医生主导的床旁超声技术在创伤救治中的作用

目的 探讨急诊医生主导的床旁超声技术在多发创伤中的作用.方法 119例创伤患者分为急诊超声组(A组)和对照组(B组),A组63例由急诊科医生进行创伤超声重点评估,B组56例由超声科医生进行床旁常规超声检查,比较两组超声检查的准确率,并记录完成超声检查距入院的时间,A组中的42例患者在超声引导下进行颈内静脉穿刺,B组中的39例患者采用常规体表定位法进行颈内静脉穿刺,比较两组的一次进针成功率、总成功率、并发症发生率、穿刺时间等.结果 与B组比较,A组能在入院后更短的时间内完成超声检查(P＜0.01),两组的超声检查准确率均为100%,A组在超声引导下进行颈内静脉穿刺的一次进针成功率、总成功率明显高于B组(P＜0.05),而并发症发生率、穿刺所用时间明显少于B组(P＜0.05).结论 急诊科医生主导进行的急诊床旁超声技术,在创伤病情评估、中心静脉穿刺等方面有巨大的优势,有助于创伤患者的救治,应该在急诊科推广应用.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Shigella species isolated from children with moderate to severe diarrhea in northeastern Brazil

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined for Shigella species isolated from children with diarrhea in Fortaleza, Brazil. Fecal specimens were collected along with socioeconomic and clinical data from children with moderate to severe diarrhea requiring emergency care. Shigella spp. were isolated by standard microbiological techniques, and we developed 4 multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays to detect 16 virulence-related genes (VRGs). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disk diffusion assays. S. flexneri and S. sonnei were the predominant serogroups. S. flexneri was associated with low monthly incomes; more severe disease; higher number of VRGs; and presence of pic, set, and sepA genes. The SepA gene was associated with more intense abdominal pain. S. flexneri was correlated with resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, whereas S. sonnei was associated with resistance to azithromycin. Strains harboring higher numbers of VRGs were associated with resistance to more antimicrobials. We highlight the correlation between presence of S. flexneri and sepA, and increased virulence and suggest a link to socioeconomic change in northeastern Brazil. Additionally, antimicrobial resistance was associated with serogroup specificity in Shigella spp. and increased bacterial VRGs.     

护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响分析

目的研究护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响。方法选取本院在2014年4月~2016年7月诊治的136例面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组68例;所有患者均依据其情况给予对应的治疗,其中对照组在治疗期间给予常规护理,研究组在对照组的基础上再给予综合性护理干预,比较两组的治疗效果及护理满意度情况等。结果患者在接受治疗和护理后,研究组中度与重度患者的治疗效果较对照组均明显提高(P0.05),研究组护理满意度较对照组明显增高(P0.05)。结论对面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者在其治疗期间给予综合性护理干预,具有良好的效果。