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基于致香成分含量为评价指标的烟叶分切方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《广州化工》2016,(23)
为提高烟叶使用质量,以河南3个植烟区、4个品种、3个不同部位的18种浓香型初烤烟叶为研究对象,考察了烟叶叶片不同分切区位间致香成分的含量差异,根据含量差异确定了分切方案并对分切样品进行感官质量评价。结果显示:河南浓香型烟叶不同地区、不同品种、不同部位不同分切区位致香成分含量间的差异显著,从叶尖到叶基致香成分含量呈现增大趋势;上段和中段评吸质量均高于烟叶样品的全片质量。烟叶经过分切使用提高了其总体使用价值。 相似文献
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不同品种及单株木豆叶蛋白质含量的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对云南省元阳县水塘试验点种植的22个品种(包括引进品种及国内品种)、3个采收季节及其中两个品种不同单株的木豆叶进行蛋白质含量分析测定,结果表明:蛋白质含量与品种呈显著性差异,与采收季节及单株呈极显著差异。不同品种间蛋白质含量为17.65%~22.43%;不同季节间蛋白质含量为14.78%~23.97%。Y57-5和Y43适合作为蛋白饲料源推广种植,其最佳采收期为秋季。为避免异交,保持品种优良性状,对选定优良单株最好在开花前套上防虫纱袋。 相似文献
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目的比较去冷沉淀血浆(Cryoprecipitate-reduced plasma,CRP)中系列凝血因子、纤维蛋白原(Fibrinogen,Fib)和血管性血友病因子裂解蛋白酶(A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin-1 repeats 13,ADAMTS-13)水平的变化。方法用140人份新鲜冰冻血浆(Fresh frozen plasma,FFP)制备CRP,采用Biggers一期法测定FFP和CRP中FⅡ、FⅤ、FⅦ、FⅧ、FⅨ、FⅩ、FⅪ、FⅫ的促凝活性;免疫比浊法测定Fib和血管性血友病因子抗原因子活动度(vWF∶Ag)水平;荧光共振能量转移法(Fluorescence resonance energy transfer,FRET)测定70人份FFP和CRP中的ADAMTS13活性及抗原含量。结果与FFP比较,CRP中FⅧ∶C、FⅤ∶C、FⅦ∶C、FⅨ∶C、FⅩ∶C、FⅪ∶C、Fib、vWF∶Ag水平均明显下降,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.001);FⅡ∶C、FⅫ∶C、ADAMTS13抗原含量和活性差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 CRP可代替FFP用于血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(Thrombotic throm-bocytopenic purpura,TTP)的治疗,而不适用于FⅧ、Fib及vWF缺乏患者的补充治疗。 相似文献
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目的探讨不同程度溶血对免疫球蛋白测定结果的影响。方法随机收集我院门诊体检标本50人份,无肉眼可见的黄疸、溶血现象等,并根据年龄分2组(儿童组:年龄≤14周岁,非儿童组:年龄>14周岁)。将50份标本制成无溶血血清和轻(03g/L)度溶血血清,采用ORYMPUS640全自动分析仪检测溶血前后IgM、IgA、IgG、C3和C4。结果儿童组:轻度溶血时IgA、IgM、IgG、C3和C4的检测结果均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。中度溶血时IgA、IgM、IgG和C3的检测结果有显著性差异(P<0.05)。重度溶血对该4个项目检测结果均有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。溶血对C4检测结果无显著性差异(P>0.05)。非儿童组:轻度溶血时IgA、IgM、IgG、C3和C4的检测结果均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。中度溶血时IgM检测结果有显著性差异(P<0.05),重度溶血时IgM的检测结果有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。重度溶血时IgA检测结果有显著性差异(P<0.05)。溶血时IgG、C3和C4的检测结果均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论中度以上溶... 相似文献
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测定了福建龙岩2009年、2010年和2011年生产的烤烟烟叶中三个主要等级的物理特性、主要化学成分和感官质量,对检测结果进行比较和分析,并针对烟叶质量的波动和使用特点,探讨了卷烟工业使用福建龙岩近三年烤烟烟叶原料的应对措施。结果表明:2010年的烤烟烟叶的糖含量比邻近年份高,烟碱含量比邻近年份低,评吸劲头比较小,浓度低,香气量降低,可通过适当搭配使用不同年度烟叶或者利用其他产区烟叶来弥补2010年龙岩烟叶的质量波动。 相似文献
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在烤烟样品中添加KNO3和KClO3添加剂,采用烟支抽吸测试,结合热重-微分热重-差示扫描量热法联用热分析技术分析添加剂对烤烟燃烧污染物(焦油和CO)释放和烟丝样品热解燃烧的影响,研究烤烟燃烧污染物释放的反应阶段与其燃烧动力学的关系. 结果表明,KNO3和KClO3均能不同程度降低烤烟的抽吸口数、CO释放量及焦油量. KNO3比KClO3更显著地降低烤烟样品在大分子挥发分热解燃烧阶段(504.15~696.15 K)的活化能,促进该阶段的反应,降焦效果明显;而KClO3对烤烟残炭燃烧阶段(696.15~852.15 K)的促进效果略低于KNO3,但其在烤烟小分子挥发物热解挥发阶段(407.15~504.15 K)的促进作用非常明显,两个阶段的综合效果优于KNO3,降低烤烟CO释放量的作用更明显. 同时还研究了添加剂对烤烟燃烧各阶段的反应动力学及反应机理的影响. 相似文献
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Two-stage dehydration method of flue-cured tobacco in rotary dryer was experimentally evaluated and compared to the single-stage dehydration process. The characteristic flavor components in dried cut tobacco, including major Maillard reaction compounds and carotenoid degradation products, as well as drying rate were analyzed for different two-stage dehydration operations. The results showed that both the pre-drying temperature and intermediate moisture content had a significant effect on the overall drying rate of cut tobacco during two-stage drying. On the other hand, the retention of characteristic flavor components in tobacco, especially Maillard reaction compounds retention, was influenced significantly by the final drying temperature as well as intermediate moisture content. The 10°C increase in the final drying temperature from 100 to 110°C reduced the retentions of Maillard reaction compounds and carotenoid degradation products by 14.5 and 9.4%, respectively. Change of intermediate moisture contents from 19 to 15% reduced the Maillard reaction compounds retention by 14.7%. Given the consideration of characteristic flavor components’ retention and drying process efficiency, two-stage dehydration of cut tobacco in rotary dryer could reach a better performance as compared with the single-stage dehydration. The cylinder-wall temperature combination of 140/100°C with the 17% intermediate moisture content could be used as the optimal two-stage condition for the investigated flue-cured tobacco. 相似文献
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以95%乙醇、乙酸乙酯、纯化水、石油醚为溶剂萃取烟丝,通过气质联用定量测定萃取后烟丝主要游离甾醇的含量。结果表明:①95%乙醇、乙酸乙酯和石油醚3种有机溶剂都具有不同程度降低烟丝中甾醇含量的效果,甾醇降低量大小顺序为:乙酸乙酯〉石油醚〉95%乙醇,尤其是乙酸乙酯萃取后的烟丝中各甾醇类化合物含量降低最为明显,其中胆甾醇、豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇含量分别降低了24.67%,64.63%,44.03%;②水萃取烟丝后甾醇含量比正常烟丝还要高,这是由于水是良好的极性溶剂,萃取烟丝后导致烟丝中大部分化学成分含量降低,单位质量的烟丝增多,因此单位质量烟丝的甾醇含量反而上升。 相似文献
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Minghai Long Yikun Hua Xianguo Wang Yuekun Wang Chuan He Dongyou Huangfu 《Drying Technology》2018,36(1):52-62
Smoking food tobacco material include flue-cured tobacco leaves, expanded stems, and reconstituted tobacco sheets. As the main raw material in the cigarette industry, the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves is very important to the smoking food products. The effects of different combined moistening and redrying treatments on the physicochemical and sensory changes of flue-cured tobacco leaves have been systemically studied. This work has demonstrated that the steam moistening and low-temperature slow redrying (SM–LTSR) processes can improve the moisture content and color uniformity of tobacco leaves (p?0.05). More importantly, the degradation of colorant and polyphenol precursors in tobacco leaves can be reduced for different redried lamina, and the average degradation amounts can be decreased by 30.63 and 22.41%, respectively. The total amount of volatile compounds can be decreased by 9.61% in comparison with the steam-water mixing moistening and high-temperature redrying (SWM–HTR) processes. We conclude that the mid-high-grade tobacco leaves should be processed through the SM–LTSR treatments to improve the color brightness, quality stability and retain flavor, while the low-grade tobacco leaves should be processed through the SWM–HTR processes to improve the processability, aftertaste and remove the offensive odor in actual threshing and redrying. This work has formed the suitable processing methods for different qualities of tobacco leaves and has laid the theoretical foundation for the quality improvement and flavor preservation of tobacco leaves. 相似文献
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采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了张家界不同产地杜仲叶及皮中Fe、zn、Cu、Mn、Mg、K、Ca等7种矿质元素的含量,结果表明杜仲叶及皮中各种矿质元素含量丰富,各元素含量的高低趋势在杜仲叶中大致为:Mg〉K〉Ca〉Zn〉Fe〉Mn≥Cu,在杜仲皮中大致为:Mg〉Ca〉K〉Fe〉Zn〉Mn≥Cu。K—S检验可以看出杜仲叶及皮中各矿质元素含量均服从正态分布,LSD检验可以得出张家界不同产地杜仲叶中Fe、Mn、Mg及杜仲皮中Fe、Mn、K元素的含量存在差异性显著。这一结果可以为不同产地杜仲叶/皮的药理活性及其品质的差异提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献