Effects of bulbus Fritillaria water extract on blood pressure and renal functions in the L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats

A pharmacological inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in rats produces renal vasoconstriction, renal dysfunction, and hypertension. The present study was aimed at investigating whether Bulbus Fritillaria water extract (BFWE) ameliorates NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension. Treatment of rats with L-NAME (60 mg/l drinking water, 4 weeks) caused a sustained increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP). The NO concentration in plasma and NO productions in the vascular tissues of the L-NAME-treated group were significantly reduced as compared with those in the control, whereas the expressions of NOS proteins were not altered. BFWE restored SBP to normal level in the L-NAME-treated hypertensive rats. Moreover, BFWE was able to preserve the vascular NO production and plasma NO metabolites concentration without changes of the expression NOS proteins. The renal functional parameters including urinary volume, sodium excretion, and creatinine clearance (Ccr) were significantly restored in rats co-treated with BFWE and L-NAME compared to the L-NAME-treated group. Taken together, these results suggest that BFWE prevents the increase of SBP in the L-NAME-induced hypertension that may have been caused by enhanced generation of vascular NO and amelioration of renal functions.     

脑心清对高粘度血症大鼠血粘度及动脉血栓形成的影响

目的:研究脑心清对高粘滞血症大鼠粘度及实验性动脉血栓形成的影响。方法:用电刺激的方法形成大鼠颈动脉血栓观察脑心清对血栓形成时间的影响;采用注射高分子右旋糖苷的方法形成高粘血症模型,取血测定全血、血浆、血清粘度、血沉及红细胞压积和血小板聚集功能。结果:大鼠每天1次,连续7天灌服脑心清7.0、14.0 g(生药)/kg,能延长电刺激颈动脉内膜损伤所致实验性动脉血栓形成时间,分别延长19.6%(P<0.05)、33.8%(P<0.001)。可降低高分子右旋糖苷导致的血流变异常大鼠的全血和血浆粘度,抑制血小板聚集作用;可不同程度的改善脑膜微循环,增加脑膜血流量。结论:脑心清能明显延长实验性动脉血栓形成时间,降低高分子右旋糖苷引起的全血粘度和血浆粘度的升高,增加脑膜血流量。     

The effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A on blood pressure and cardiac function

Aim of the study

This work aims to investigate the effects of HSYA on cardiac function and blood pressure.

Materials and methods

To evaluate changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), different groups of pentobarbitone-anesthetized normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were treated with intravenous HSYA (0.1-3 mg/kg). Isolated WKY rat hearts in Langendorff system were employed for examining the effect of HSYA on hemodynamic. After 30 min equilibration time the isolated hearts were perfused with HSYA (30 μmol/L) in a stepwise fashion. Potassium channel inhibitors were used to determine the role of potassium channel activation in HSYA effect.

Results

Intravenous injection of the HSYA significantly reduced MAP and HR in both normotensive rats and SHR in a dose-dependent manner. HSYA reduced left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), the maximum rate of increase of left ventricular pressure (+dp/dt_max) and heart rate (HR) in a dose-dependent manner. HSYA had no remarkable effect on the maximum rate of decrease of left ventricular pressure (−dp/dt_max); BK_Ca and K_ATP blocker can weakened the inhibitory effect of HSYA on heart function and HR, but K_V and K_ACh blocker did not significantly weaken the HSYA effects.

Conclusion

Our results show that HSYA could significantly reduce blood pressure and heart rate, which may be related to activation of BK_Ca and K_ATP channels.     

Effects of the flavonoids extracted from Spergularia purpurea Pers. on arterial blood pressure and renal function in normal and hypertensive rats

The antihypertensive and diuretic effects of the flavonoids extracted from Spergularia purpurea Pers. (SP) were studied both in normotensive (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive conscious rats (SHR). Daily oral administration of the flavonoid mixture (5 mg/kg for 1 week) exhibited a significant decrease in blood pressure with variation coefficient (Delta) of 20 in SHR rats and 11 in NTR rats. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly and respectively with 17 and 24% in SHR, and with 11 and 16% in NTR. The flavonoid mixture enhanced significantly the water excretion in hypertensive (P<0.001) and normal rats (P<0.001). Furthermore, oral administration of flavonoids mixture at a dose of 5 mg/kg produced a significant increase of urinary excretion of sodium (P<0.01), potassium (P<0.05) and chlorides (P<0.05) in SHR. Similarly, the flavonoid administration induced a significant increase of urinary electrolytes elimination in NTR (P<0.01 versus controls). No significant changes were noted on heart rate after flavonoids treatment in SHR as well as in NTR. While, glomerular filtration rate showed a significant increase after administration of flavonoids in all groups (P<0.05). These results suggest that oral administration of flavonoids obtained from Spergularia purpurea exhibited antihypertensive and diuretic actions.     

原花青素舒张家兔主动脉和降低动脉血压的研究

目的：研究葡萄籽提取物原花青素(procyanidins，PC)舒张家兔离体主动脉和降低其动脉血压的作用及机制。方法：采用家兔离体胸主动脉环灌流模型，将标本分6组：去内皮、内皮完整、吲哚美辛(1×10^-1 mol·L^-1)、普萘洛尔(1×10^-5 mol·L^-1)、左旋硝基精氨酸N^ω-nitro-L-arginine(L-NNA 1×10^-4 mol·L^-1)或甲烯蓝(MB 1×10^-5 mol·L^-1)，分别累积加入1.25，2.5，5.0 mg·L^-1 PC观察血管张力变化；并观察40 mg·L^-1 PC对去甲肾上腺素（NA）(1×10^-8～1×10^-5 mol·L^-1)、KCl(6.3～100 mmol·L^-1)和CaCl₂ (1×10^-5～1×10^-2 mol·L^-1)诱导血管环收缩曲线的影响。另用家兔颈总动脉插管法，经静脉累积注射4.0，8.0，16，32，64，84 mg·kg^-1 PC后观察血压变化。结果：PC能舒张主动脉血管，并有量效依赖性(r=0.63，P<0.001)，去内皮、L-NNA或MB可减弱PC的舒张作用。PC能抑制NA，KCl和CaCl₂的量效收缩反应。PC能降低家兔正常动脉血压并有量效依赖性(r=0.92，P<0.001)。结论：PC舒张血管的作用是通过抑制细胞内Ca²⁺释放和电压依赖性Ca²⁺通道而减少Ca²⁺内流；也与内皮释放的NO有关；PC可降低家兔正常的动脉血压。     

益气活血利水法对肾性高血压大鼠血压及肾功能的动态影响

目的 :了解益气活血利水法 (益肾降压方 )对肾实质性高血压 (RPH)大鼠血压及肾功能的动态影响。方法 :采用肾大部切除加高盐喂养法建立RPH模型。随机分为实验组 (高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组 )、阳性药对照组 (开博通 )、空白对照组 (水 ) ,每日灌胃 1次 ,连续 8周。分别于2、4、6、8周测定血压、肌酐、肌酐清除率。利用多因素方差分析方法 ,分析益气活血利水法对RPH大鼠血压及肾功能的影响。结果 :肌酐 :益气活血利水法 (益肾降压方 )各组与空白对照组比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;血压 :6周时益气活血利水法各组与对照组比较有显著性差异 (高剂量组P<0 0 5、中剂量组P <0 0 0 1、低剂量组P <0 0 0 1) ;肌酐清除率 :6周时的实验组与空白对照组相比差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ,8周时益气活血利水法各组与空白对照组均有显著差异 (高剂量组P <0 0 5 ,中剂量组P <0 0 0 1、低剂量组P <0 0 5 )。结论 :益气活血利水法 (益肾降压方 )能降低模型大鼠血压 ,并对肾功能有一定的保护作用。     

Effects of San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang on U46619-induced increase in pulmonary arterial blood pressure

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXT), composed of Coptidis rhizoma, Scutellariae radix and Rhei rhizoma, is traditionally used to treat hypertension. AIM OF THE STUDY: Our aim was to investigate the pharmacology effect of SHXT on a thromboxane A(2) analogue U46619-induced increase in pulmonary hypertension and protein expression in primary pulmonary smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Arterial blood pressure and isometric tension in the aorta and pulmonary artery of rats were measured by pressure and force transducers, respectively. Protein expressions on PASMCs were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: SHXT significantly attenuated U46619-induced increase in arterial blood pressure. The inhibitory effect of SHXT on pulmonary arterial pressure was greater than systemic arterial pressure in U46619 treated rats. Similarly, the inhibitory effect of SHXT on U46619-induced vasoconstriction in rat pulmonary arterial rings was greater than that in aortic rings. In U46619 treated PASMCs, SHXT down-regulated expression of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), Rho-kinase (ROCK) II, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and up-regulated expression of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) alpha(1) and sGCbeta(1). CONCLUSIONS: SHXT attenuated U46619-induced increase in systemic and pulmonary arterial blood pressure. Inhibition of PDE5, ROCK-II, COX-2 and stimulation of sGC may play important roles in the cardiovascular effects of SHXT.     

Effects on arterial blood pressure of the methanol extracts from different Teucrium species

Methanol extracts of the leaves and stems of two Teucrium species (T. pumillum L. and T. buxifolium L.) have been tested for their effects on resting arterial blood pressure. Both T. pumillum L. and T. buxifolium L. extracts reduced mean arterial blood pressure in a dose dependent manner when administered i.v. to urethane anaesthetized normotensive rats. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of a diterpenoid from Salvia cinnabarina on arterial blood pressure in rats

The effect of a diterpenoid isolated from Salvia cinnabarina, 3,4-seicosopimar-4(18),7,15-triene-3-oic acid (SCB), on arterial blood pressure was evaluated in anaesthetized rats. Male Wistar rats, anaesthetized with urethane (sol. 10% p/v; 10 mL/kg), underwent surgery for continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure. After preliminary experiments to evaluate the dose response (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg i.v.) of SCB, a dose of 3 mg/kg was chosen for all successive experiments. On different groups of rats treated with the ganglion-blocking agent chlorisondamine (2.5 mg/kg i.p.) the effect of SCB (3 mg/kg i.v.) was evaluated before and following an infusion of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME (0.3 mg/kg/min i.v.). Intravenous administration of SCB at doses of 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg led to a fall in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) of 14.75 +/- 1.44 mmHg, 36.60 +/- 31.40 mmHg and 31.40 +/- 6.28 mmHg, respectively (n = 4-5), that was not modified by treatment of the rat with chlorisondamine nor with L-NAME. The results demonstrate a hypotensive effect of SCB - due to a peripheral mechanism but independent of endothelial nitric oxide release.     

The effects of acupuncture on cardiac muscle cells and blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rats

If acupuncture is able to prevent hypertrophy of the heart, it could therefore prevent the heart from overloading and thus prevent heart failure or sudden death. We therefore studied the effects of acupuncture on blood pressure and cardiac muscle cells. Rats with spontaneous hypertension were divided into three acupuncture treatment groups and one non-treatment group. The treatment groups were classified as sham acupoint, Yanglingquan (GB. 34) and Quchi (LI. 11) groups. The measurements recorded included changes in tail pressure, femoral arterial pressure, left ventricular weight (LVW), whole heart weight (WHW), body weight (BW), LVW/BW and WHW/BW ratios and the size of the cardiac muscle cells. The results showed that femoral arterial pressure of subjects which were needled on the selected points for 3 days dropped. Acupuncture at these two acupoints seemed to improve the condition of hypertension in a short period of time. Significant changes in the femoral arterial pressure were observed in all subjects when they were treated for 6 days. In the two acupoint groups, the LVW/BW and the WHW/BW ratios did not change significantly. Cardiac muscle cells reduced in size in the Yanglingquan (GB. 34) treatment groups. This indicates that the Yanglingquan (GB. 34) points not only can lower blood pressure, but also prevent hypertrophy of cardiac muscle cells in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). Therefore, acupuncture could be a good treatment modality for hypertension and hypertrophy of the heart.     

Withania somnifera extract. Its effect on arterial blood pressure in anaesthetized dogs

The effect of Withania somnifera extract on arterial blood pressure in ‘normotensive’ pentobarbital anaesthetized dogs was studied. Also a possible effect of Withania somnifera on blood pressure in dogs administered either with adrenaline and acetylcholine was investigated. Thirty mongrel dogs of both sexes were distributed randomly in three series of ten animals each. Each animal was adminstered at intervals of 4 min with either a neurotransmitter, saline or the extract until a cycle of 32 minutes was completed. It is concluded that the Withania somnifera extract induced a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the arterial and diastolic blood pressure in ‘normotensive’ pentobarbital anaesthetized dogs. Withania also significantly prevented the hypotensive effect of acetyltholine and increased the hypertensive effect of adrenaline.     

针刺对自发性高血压大鼠血压和抗氧化酶SOD、GSH-PX的影响

目的:观察针刺对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压的影响,从抗氧化酶角度探讨针刺降压机制。方法:将SHR随机分为针刺组、模型组,以京都Wistar大鼠(WKY)作为血压正常的对照组。针刺组取双侧人迎穴,施以捻转手法,捻转频率为120~160次/min,行针1min,每日针刺1次;模型组和正常组进行与针刺组相同时间、相同程度的捉抓。每天针刺前后测量收缩压和舒张压。针刺20d后,取胸主动脉,用黄嘌呤氧化酶比色法测定SOD活性,化学比色法测定GSH-PX活性。结果:针刺20d后SHR收缩压和舒张压均较针刺前降低,且均低于模型组。针刺组SOD和GSH-PX活性较模型组均有升高的趋势。结论:针刺可降低SHR血压,其机制可能与提高SOD和GSH-PX活性,从而提高机体抗氧化能力有关。     

Anti-inflammatory effects of crude methanolic extract and fractions of Alchornea cordifolia leaves

The leaves of Alchornea cordifolia were collected, identified, dried, and reduced to coarse powder and extracted with aqueous methanol. Using various solvent treatments, the powdered dried leaf was fractionated into five fractions, A1, A2, B, C, D and E. The fractions were subjected to phytochemical analysis to identify the biologically active constituents. The anti-inflammatory effects of crude methanolic extract (ME) of Alchornea cordifolia leaves and the five fractions were evaluated using egg-albumen-induced rat hind paw oedema as a model of inflammation. The crude extract was also subjected to acute toxicity test. Fraction A2, which exhibited the most promising anti-inflammatory effect, was also subjected to analgesic and ulcerogenic tests. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed the presence of terpenes, sterols, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins and traces of alkaloids. The LD(50) of the aqueous ME was found to be 1131.4 mg/kg. The crude ME (50 mg/kg) gave anti-inflammatory activity which was significant (P<0.05) at all the observation times (1-3h). The different solvent fractions exhibited varying degrees of anti-inflammatory activities, with terpenoid fraction (A2) and the tannin-containing multi-component fraction (D) showing very high and significant (P<0.01) activity at 100mg/kg, with percentage inhibition of oedema value of 87.69 each. In conclusion, the aqueous ME of Alchornea cordifolia leaves could be beneficial in the management of different inflammatory disease states. Its anti-inflammatory activity may not be attributed only to the terpenoid content.     

针刺对不同疾病患者血压与脉率的影响

目的 研究针刺对不同类型患者收缩压、舒张压和脉率的影响.方法 对106名受试者在针刺前和起针后立即测量血压和脉率,并咨询有无高血压病史及针刺史,记录下取穴和中西医诊断结果,以便评估针刺不同穴位有不同疾病患者的血压和脉率的作用.结果 针刺后收缩压、舒张压、脉率较针刺前均有不同程度的下降,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).针刺史和高血压病史可能不是针刺影响血压、脉率的因素(P>0.05).有些穴位与血压有关;有些穴位与脉率有关(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 针刺某些穴位对血压和脉率有一定的影响.     

单纯性肥胖儿童血压变化及其对脉象影响

目的 :研究单纯性肥胖儿童血压变化及其对脉象的影响。方法 :用 XG-E2 型血液循环测试仪描记 32例单纯性肥胖儿童 (肥胖组 )和 32例正常儿童 (正常组 ) 6种动脉血压数据。结果 :肥胖组的收缩压 ( SP)、脉压 ( PP)、平均动脉压( MA P)、平均收缩压 ( MSP)、平均舒张压 ( MDP)均升高 ,较正常组有显著差异。结论 :MAP,MSP,MDP的检测对于单纯性肥胖儿童有更大的临床意义。     

牛黄降压胶囊对自发性高血压大鼠血压及心肾功能的影响

目的:研究牛黄降压胶囊的降压活性、降压特点,安全性及长期给药对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心肝肾的影响,并初步揭示降压作用机制。方法:32只雄性SHR随机分为模型对照组,牛黄降压胶囊组,牛黄降压丸组,牛黄降压片组;另设WKY鼠作为正常对照组。各组连续灌胃给药31天,牛黄降压胶囊、牛黄降压丸及牛黄降压片组给药剂量分别为0.32 g/kg,0.64g/kg和0.30g/kg体重,于不同时间点测定血压。治疗结束后,取正常对照组、模型组和牛黄降压胶囊组大鼠心脏、肾脏、脾脏及肝脏,进行病理学分析。测定各组动物肝肾功能ALT、AST、BUN和CREA指标;测定肾脏及血浆中肾素、血管紧张素II含量。结果:0.32 g/kg牛黄降压胶囊和0.30g/kg牛黄降压片在给药第6天显示出明显降压效果;三种剂型均在给药21天后达到最大降压效果,且于一天内不同时间点降压效果保持稳定;治疗结束48h后牛黄降压胶囊仍保持显著降压效果。治疗期间,牛黄降压胶囊对于肝肾功能未见显著性影响。病理学结果显示,牛黄降压胶囊对高血压引起的心肌肥厚和肾小球毛细血管的高灌注具有一定的防治作用。牛黄降压胶囊可显著降低高血压动物血浆中的肾素和血管紧张素II水平。结论:牛黄降压胶囊降压疗效确切,降压平稳、长效,对高血压引起的心血管并发症有一定的防治作用。     

茜草藤的生药学研究

目的：为了安全、准确的使用茜草藤药材。方法：对茜草藤的叶、茎、籽实及其粉末进行了解剖学研究、化学成分定性试验及薄层色谱试验。结果获得了茜草藤横切面组织构造简图、茜草藤茎横切面详图、粉末末特征图及其化学成分试验结果,表明茜草藤具有明显的生药学特征。通过薄层色谱试验表明,茜草藤的正丁醇萃取液在硅胶板上可分离出清晰的７个斑点。化学成分定性试验结果表明,茜草藤中有酚类,皂苷和黄酮类物质。结论为药材鉴别提供了参考依据。     

芹菜素对高脂高盐所致高血压大鼠降压及心脏保护作用

目的:研究芹菜素对高脂高盐所致高血压大鼠降压及心脏的保护作用。方法:通过高脂高盐饲料加5%盐水连续喂养8周制备高血压模型大鼠,选取60只并按照血压水平随机分为5组:高血压模型组、芹菜素(20、40和80 mg/kg)治疗组和卡托普利(25mg/kg)对照组,每组12只,另取12同龄正常饲养大鼠作为正常对照组;灌胃给药4周,高血压模型组和正常组均给予等体积的生理盐水。给药前及给药治疗4周后测定各组大鼠收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP);治疗4周后,分别测定各组大鼠血清中血管紧张素II(Ang II)水平,心肌增值系数(MPI)及心脏系数(CWI);测定血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)水平,测定血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、磷酸肌酸酶(CPK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性;测定心肌组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果:与高血压模型组比,芹菜素(40和80mg/kg)治疗组大鼠血清中Ang II水平显著降低,SBP均显著降低,芹菜素80mg/kg治疗组DBP显著降低;芹菜素(40和80mg/kg)治疗组大鼠血清中TC、TG含量水平显著降低,AST、CPK、LDH活性显著降低;心肌组织中SOD、CAT活性显著升高、MDA含量显著降低。芹菜素80mg/kg治疗组大鼠MPI和CWI显著降低;血清中LDL-C水平显著降低、HDL-C水平显著升高;心肌组织中GSH-Px活性显著升高。结论:芹菜素降低高脂高盐所致高血压大鼠血压并有保护心脏的作用,其作用机制可能与芹菜素能够有效降低高脂高盐所致高血压大鼠Ang II水平、降低血脂、改善抗氧化酶活性、抑制氧化应激损伤有关。     

冬瓜皮炭对慢性肾衰竭大鼠肾功能的保护作用

目的探讨冬瓜皮炭对慢性肾衰竭大鼠肾功能的保护作用。方法 72只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性对照组(爱西特,450 mg/kg)及冬瓜皮炭低、中、高剂量组(300、450、600 mg/kg)。腺嘌呤灌胃给药30 d后,ELISA法检测血清BUN、SCr、TGF-β1、PAI-1水平,HE染色、Masson染色观察肾组织病理形态变化,RT-PCR检测NF-κB p65、I-κB mRNA表达,Western blot检测NF-κB p65蛋白表达。结果与模型组比较,冬瓜皮炭高剂量组BUN、SCr、TGF-β1、PAI-1水平,NF-κB p65、I-κB mRNA表达,NF-κB p65蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),肾小管轻度扩张、肾小管上皮细胞轻度空泡样变性、肾间质纤维化、炎细胞浸润明显缓解。结论冬瓜皮炭(600 mg/kg)能降低慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠肾脏有害指标,改善肾功能,其机制可能与干预NF-κB信号通路有关。     

天麻钩藤饮对肾血管性高血压大鼠血压的影响

[目的]探讨天麻钩藤饮对肾血管性高血压大鼠血压的影响.[方法]48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、卡托普利组和天麻钩藤饮组,每组12只.造模后第5周开始给药,连续治疗8周.然后观察天麻钩藤饮降压的作用.[结果]造模4周后,模型组大鼠血压明显上升(P<0.001),左肾质量(LK)和LK/RK值比假手术组明显降低(P<0.001),而右肾质量(RK)则显著增高(P<0.001),说明动物模型复制成功.8周干预治疗后,卡托普利组和天麻钩藤饮组大鼠血压均下降至达到或接近正常血压水平(P<0.01).而卡托普利的降压效果要优于天麻钩藤饮(P<0.05).[结论]天麻钩藤饮能够明显降低肾性高血压大鼠的血压水平.