中国考古遗址公园研究进展评述

“考古遗址公园”的理念形成经历长期发展,是大遗址保护工作的创新,其理论与实践探索面临新的发展格局。对知网数据库中40年来中国考古遗址保护的相关文献进行梳理,从理论发展、保护展示、规划管理、感知评价4方面评述研究热点,并提出考古遗址公园的研究展望：理论研究要多学科交叉融合研究、综合评价;展示利用要正确处理展示信息的专业性与公众认知的易懂性、文化科普的准确性三者之间的关系;规划管理要与考古工作动态协同,要使旅游体验达到文化认同,实现精准科学管理。     

基于知识图谱的考古遗址公园研究回顾与展望

目的:文章旨在回顾2003年至2023年考古遗址公园领域研究的特点,总结该领域的发展趋势。方法:检索中国知网(CNKI)数据库中以“考古遗址公园”或“国家遗址公园”为主题的文献,采用CiteSpace软件与R语言文献计量程序包,以知识图谱与系统文献综述相结合的方法,对相关文献进行分析。结果:得出考古遗址公园共被引网络与研究热点演进可视化制图等图和一系列的数据。结论:我国的考古遗址公园的建设实践先行,理论紧随其后;学科交叉特征明显;研究热点从关注遗址本身转向关注遗址与人的关系。     

赋予天水文物资源第二次生命

天水历史文化源远流长，是中华古代文明的发祥地之一，反映远古历史文化的史前史物不仅数量多而且特色明显。考古发现有数千万年前的古代生物化石，出土有距今38000年旧石器时代的武山人头骨化石。新石器时代文化遗存多达500余处，其中距今约8300——4800年的全国重点文物保护单位秦安大地湾原始村落遗址，发掘的规模之大，出±珍贵文物之多，在全国罕见，对研究中国占代人类活动、原始文化及其发展蜕变过程有着十分重要的意义。     

指纹识别的历史及与其它生物识别的比较

一、指纹识别的历史 中国是世界上公认的"指纹术"发祥地,在指纹应用方面具有非常悠久的历史.追溯中华民族的指纹历史,可以上溯到6000年以前的新石器时代中期.在半坡遗址出土的陶器上就印有清晰可见的指纹图案.距今有5000年历史的红山文化遗址处(今天的内蒙赤峰市东效红山),考古发现的古陶罐上有3组几何曲线画,是3枚相同的、典型的箕形指纹画,每枚指纹画都有一条中心线和6条围线.在位于青海省乐都县柳湾墓地的马家窖文化,出土了距今5000年的人像指纹彩陶壶.其上绘有4幅原始螺旋形指纹画.嵴线的起点、终点的细节特征都很明显,在两组画之间绘制一个三角,一个中心花纹配左右两个三角纹,组成了一幅完整的斗形指纹画.     

利用信息复合方法编制遥感考古专题影像图

我国是一个文明古国，又是一个文化起源多源流的国家，文化遗址几乎遍地都是，为了进行文化遗址调查和加强文物保护，必须进行考古方法新技术的研究应用．本文根据国家自然科学基金项目“基于信息分析的遥感图像光化学处理系统的研究”的内容，以编制成功的遥感考古专题影像图为例，进一步说明光化学信息复合方法，尤其是遥感图像资料与非遥感图像资料的复合方法，是研究专题信息的更新与补充以及综合分析的有效手段，也证明了这种信息复合方法在遥感考古领域具有很大的应用潜力。     

新型阻燃型MUF泡沫的制备及其力学性能数学模型的建立

采用三聚氰胺改性脲醛(MUF)树脂为基体原料制备了新型的自阻燃型MUF泡沫材料,并研究了不同发泡程度对泡沫材料的表观密度、力学性能、耐碎性能和阻燃性能的影响。研究发现所制备的MUF泡沫具有优异的阻燃性能。并采用经典模型引入和数据拟合两种方法建立了MUF泡沫表观密度-力学性能模型,研究表明采用此两种方法建立的数学模型高度吻合,MUF泡沫的力学性能与密度之间具有良好的指数关系。     

基于在线评论的考古盲盒用户体验影响因素研究

目的 通过对考古盲盒在线评论进行数据挖掘,分析考古盲盒用户体验形成的影响因素与成因机制,探索考古盲盒用户体验设计的优化方式。方法 基于在线评论的研究方法,采集河南博物院考古盲盒淘宝线上销售平台的在线评论为数据样本,以价值感知质量为分析的理论视角,应用Python软件收集评论数据,依据扎根理论的3级编码程序,借助Nvivo12.0质性分析工具进行3级编码。结果 从情感、社会、功能价值感知3个维度出发,分析出影响考古盲盒用户体验因素3个层级之间的关系,其中情感价值感知质量为首要影响因素,社会价值感知质量为关键影响因素,功能价值感知质量为次要影响因素。结论 对其价值感知质量因素及其子因素的作用机理进行剖析,并由此归纳了考古盲盒用户体验APF3维模型,及其各要素关系与影响机制。     

主/被动联合多基地航空搜潜定位及误差分析

根据主／被动联合多基地航空搜潜中主动声源、目标、被动接收器之间的空间几何位置关系,建立了目标位置的数学模型,确立了目标空间位置与主动声源-被动接收器声传播时间、主动声源-目标-被动接收器声传播时间、浮标方位角之间的关系;在此基础上,建立了各参量测量误差对目标定位误差影响的数学模型;最后,对所建定位及误差模型进行了仿真分析。     

卧式行星磨粉磨过程的无因次量及数学模型分析

以卧式行星磨为研究对象,从选出的9个参变量中利用量纲分析法导出6个表征粉磨过程的无因次准数,利用决定性、非决定性无因次准数之间的关系,建立粉磨产量、粉磨能耗2个数学模型,并利用多重线性回归分析正交试验结果得到数学模型。结果表明,模型的相关系数大于0.8,且实测值与模型理论预测值的相对误差约为15%,证明了数学模型的正确性。     

基于遗传算法的下降阶段飞机油耗分析与研究

为解决航班延误或机位冲突的情况下,飞机低空飞行和空中停留时油耗增加的问题,利用真实的飞行数据和遗传算法建立燃料消耗和高度之间的关系,设计具体的遗传算法实现数学模型的参数求解,从而得到最终的数学模型。在燃料消耗和高度之间建立指数模型,并对4个航班进行对比分析得到模型的相关系数。结果显示:可以用一个通用的指数模型对下降阶段燃料流量和高度之间的关系进行描述。     

Demic and cultural diffusion propagated the Neolithic transition across different regions of Europe

The Neolithic transition is the shift from hunting–gathering into farming. About 9000 years ago, the Neolithic transition began to spread from the Near East into Europe, until it reached Northern Europe about 5500 years ago. There are two main models of this spread. The demic model assumes that it was mainly due to the reproduction and dispersal of farmers. The cultural model assumes that European hunter–gatherers become farmers by acquiring domestic plants and animals, as well as knowledge, from neighbouring farmers. Here we use the dates of about 900 archaeological sites to compute a speed map of the spread of the Neolithic transition in Europe. We compare the speed map to the speed ranges predicted by purely demic, demic–cultural and purely cultural models. The comparison indicates that the transition was cultural in Northern Europe, the Alpine region and west of the Black Sea. But demic diffusion was at work in other regions such as the Balkans and Central Europe. Our models can be applied to many other cultural traits. We also propose that genetic data could be gathered and used to measure the demic kernels of Early Neolithic populations. This would lead to an enormous advance in Neolithic spread modelling.     

考虑水-温循环的SBS改性沥青复数剪切模量预估模型

为探寻季节性冻土区多次水-温循环后沥青胶结料特征官能团变化与复数剪切模量之间的关系,联合FTIR和动态剪切流变（DSR）试验,对经0、3、6、9、12、15和18次水-温循环后的苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SBS）改性沥青进行测试,探明了多次水-温循环下SBS改性沥青复数剪切模量和特征官能团的变化规律;采用灰色关联熵分析理论数学模型,明确了复数剪切模量与特征官能团含量变化的关联程度;基于麦夸特法和通用全局优化算法对不同温度和频率下DSR测试的SBS改性沥青复数剪切模量G*及FTIR测试官能团变化指数进行多元统计回归分析,提出了SBS改性沥青复数剪切模量的预估模型。结果表明:多次水-温循环使沥青发生了水-温老化,但SBS改性剂对沥青水-温老化具有抑制作用;随着水-温循环次数的增加,沥青FTIR图谱中亚砜基与羰基呈现出明显的增大趋势;SBS改性沥青特征官能团变化对复数剪切模量影响程度由大到小的排序为脂肪族化物 > 非对称脂肪族化物 > 芳香族化合物 > SBS含量（苯乙烯+丁二烯） > 亚砜基 > 羰基;多次水-温循环后SBS改性沥青复数剪切模量随着特征官能团含量变化呈现出多元线性关系。      

Spatio-temporal dynamics of nutrients in the upper Han River basin, China

The upper Han River basin with an area of approximately 95,000 km(2), is the water source area of the Middle Route of China's South to North Water Transfer Project. Thus, water quality in the basin's river network is of great importance. Nutrients including dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), NO(3)(-)-N, NH(4)(+)-N, and dissolved phosphorus (DP) were analyzed in 41 sites during the period of 2005-2006. Cluster analysis (CA), analysis of variance (ANOVA) and general linear models (GLM) were performed to explore their spatio-temporal variations in the basin. The results revealed that the DIN, NO(3)(-)-N and NH(4)(+)-N increased over the 2 year study period, and their concentrations in the wet season was higher than those in the dry season. The seasonal variation in nitrogen was strongly associated with seasonal pattern of precipitation and there was a negative relationship between DP concentration and river flow. Cluster analysis indicated high nutrient contents in the urban and agricultural production areas. The research will help articulate water resource management strategy for the interbasin water transfer project.     

River segmentation using satellite image contextual information and Bayesian classifier

Satellite-based remote sensing imaging can provide continuous snapshots of the Earth’s surface over long periods. River extraction from remote sensing images is useful for the comprehensive study of dynamic changes of rivers over large areas. This paper presents a new method of extracting rivers by using training samples based on the mathematical morphology, Bayesian classifier and a dynamic alteration filter. The use of a training map from erosion morphology helps to extract the non-predictive river’s curves in the image. The algorithm has two phases: creating the profile to separate river area via evaluated morphological erosion and dilation, namely, a training map; and improving the river’s image segmentation using the Bayesian rule algorithm in which two consecutive filters swipe false positive (non-water area) along the image. The proposed algorithm was tested on the Kuala Terengganu district, Malaysia, an area that includes a river, a bridge, dam and a fair amount of vegetation. The results were compared with two standard methods based on visual perception and on peak signal-to-noise ratio, respectively. The novelty of this approach is the definition of the contextual information filtering technique, which provides an accurate extraction of river segmentation from satellite images.     

Hardenability: an alternative to the use of grain size as calculation parameter

Several austenizing treatments carried out on different types of quench-temper and carburizing steels confirm the relationship which exists between austenitic grain size and the treatment time and temperature parameters. A relationship has been established between the three variables, a regression plane linking them being obtained. A mathematical model is proposed which permits the treatment parameterP to be calculated theoretically, and making it possible to obtain from only chemical composition and austenizing temperature the data required to obtain the Jominy curve. The experimental results for diverse steels and the resulting structures agree with those obtained theoretically. A calculation programme has been developed in accordance with the model we present for both manufacture and quality control. Its industrial use has been widely verified.     

Migration of artificial radionuclides in the water stream of the Yenisei River

The distribution of artificial radionuclides between size fractions of the suspended matter in the bulk of the water stream of the Yenisei River near the Mining and Chemical Combine discharge sites was studied. The majority of radionuclides in the region of the discharge site were found to occur in the form of soluble salts or colloids with the particle size smaller than 0.2 μm. With an increase in the distance from the discharge site, the radionuclides undergo redistribution with the formation of coarser suspended particles due to coagulation. This fact was confirmed by mathematical simulation.     

Velocity–Moisture Relationships for Sandy Soils: Experimental Results and Data Analysis

Many techniques have been proposed in recent years for in situ soil characterization, and among them, acoustic methods have been revealed to be particularly promising. These methods are based on measurements of the propagation velocities of seismic, sonic, and ultrasonic waves. However, in granular and porous mediums, velocities depend on the state of the saturation of the soil in a complex and not yet fully understood way. In this paper, a refined mathematical model to account for the effects of many soil properties such as porosity, bulk modulus, and pressure on acoustic wave velocity is proposed and investigated. The model has been validated by an experimental comparison between the measured and calculated values of velocities, using a kind of sand of known characteristics. A custom measurement system has been developed and realized for this purpose. The proposed model has potential applications in various areas, including geothermal resource evaluation, petroleum exploration, environmental protection, and archaeological and cultural site protection.     

水利水电工程施工初期导流标准多目标风险决策研究

水电工程施工导流的成败直接影响到主体工程的建设,与导流标准选择密切相关,而导流标准的择优必须综合协调导流建筑物的建设投资、工期、系统风险率及其风险损失。文章系统全面地分析了水电工程施工初期导流标准选择涉及的控制性因素,提出了因素定量化方法,运用多目标决策理论,建立了初期导流标准风险决策模型。通过实例分析,说明导流标准风险因素定量化刻划方法及决策模型是有效的,很好地解决了导流工程工期、投资与风险之间的关系。     

HP-Nb转化管寿命计算及其数学模型的建立

对HP－Nb转化管进行了蠕变损伤分析，计算了不同温度下HP－Nb转化管的寿命，探讨了每年开停车次数对其寿命的影响。对计算结果应用优化、回归的方法进行了整体拟合，导出了单元损伤与时间和温度的关系，建立了数学模型，为计算机预测HP－Nb转化管剩余寿命提供了算法。