TiO2对镁铬砖抗渣蚀性的影响

利用xRD分析和光学显微镜等测试手段,研究了添加TiO2对镁铬砖抗渣蚀性的影响.结果表明炉渣中的CaO能分解镁铬砖中的二次尖晶石而使镁铬砖损毁,但加入TiO2后,TiO2能优先于尖晶石中的Cr2O3与渣中CaO反应,生成高熔点的CaTiO3,从而抑制CaO对砖中镁铬尖晶石的分解,提高了镁铬砖的抗高钙渣渣蚀能力.     

镁锆砖和镁铬砖的抗RH炉渣侵蚀性对比

为取代RH炉用镁铬材料,以电熔镁砂为主原料,分别加入单斜锆、脱硅锆、单斜锆与脱硅锆的混合粉、锆英石制备了ZrO2质量分数分别为15%和20%的镁锆砖,并利用静态坩埚法对比研究了镁锆砖和镁铬砖的抗RH炉渣侵蚀性。结果表明:对于Al2O3含量高且碱度(CaO/SiO2比)大的RH炉渣,镁锆砖抗侵蚀性能优于镁铬砖的;镁锆砖的侵蚀机理是砖中的ZrO2与渣中的CaO迅速反应,形成高熔点物相CaZrO3,能堵塞砖中的孔隙而形成致密保护层,从而阻止钢渣对镁锆砖的进一步侵蚀;而镁铬砖的侵蚀机理是渣中的Al2O3、Fe2O3等R3 和镁铬尖晶石中Cr3 交换,渣与砖反应生成的镁铝尖晶石和镁铁尖晶石使得材料变性,同时由于体积效应使镁铬材料鼓胀开裂,从而导致镁铬砖的严重侵蚀。     

RH真空炉衬用无铬耐火材料抗渣性能的研究

对镁锆质、镁尖晶石质、镁尖晶石钛质和镁尖晶石锆质4种典型的无铬耐火材料的抗渣侵蚀性能进行了研究,并与RH真空炉下部槽用镁铬砖进行了对比。结果表明:炉渣对耐火材料的侵蚀主要是通过炉渣中铁氧化物、CaO、SiO2和MnO向材料内部扩散而产生的侵蚀反应造成的。镁锆质材料中的ZrO2吸收炉渣中的CaO生成高耐火性能的CaO.ZrO,使镁锆材料较其他3种MgO基无铬耐火材料具有更优良的抗炉渣侵蚀性。     

刚玉尖晶石砖的抗渣性能

采用真空感应炉进行了刚玉尖晶石耐火砖的动态抗渣实验,研究了高碱度脱硫渣和铝硅镇静钢精炼渣对该耐火砖的侵蚀,分析了两种碱性渣对其侵蚀机理.结果表明,刚玉尖晶石耐火砖抗铝硅镇静钢精炼渣侵蚀性能优于高碱度脱硫渣.刚玉尖晶石耐火砖抗侵蚀性能主要受渣中氧化铝和氧化钙含量影响.高碱度脱硫渣中CaO,SiO2,CaF2含量较高,与刚玉尖晶石耐火砖中的Al2O3发生反应低熔点物质,降低了渣的粘度,侵蚀较严重;高碱度脱硫渣中Al2O3含量低,导致尖晶石中MgO直接溶解,而铝硅镇静钢精炼渣中Al2O3含量高,在MgO/渣界面形成MA尖晶石,导致间接溶解,抑制渣侵蚀.     

不同组成尖晶石对MgO-尖晶石浇注料抗渣性能的影响

采用静态坩埚法和动态回转法研究了不同组成尖晶石对MgO-尖晶石浇注料抗渣性能的影响,并采用扫描电镜和能谱分析测定了渣蚀残样中尖晶石的存在形式和化学组成。结果表明,在基质组成相同的情况下,添加富铝尖晶石的浇注料在加热过程中可生成较多的原位生成尖晶石,原位生成尖晶石吸收渣中FeO3、CaO能力是合成尖晶石的3～5倍,因而该浇注料具有较好的抗渣性能。     

TiO2对水泥窑用镁尖晶石砖性能的影响

镁铬砖因高温性能良好而广泛用于水泥回转窑的烧成带。但是废镁铬砖存在环境污染的问题,替代镁铬砖的无铬砖产品逐渐增加,如向镁砖中加入MgA l2O4或Al2O3。由于尖晶石和镁砂间的热膨胀系数存在差异,会使砖中产生微裂纹,使其弹性增大,因此,制备镁尖晶石砖的途径是向镁砖中添加Al2O3和TiO 2在烧制过程中通过原位反应生成尖晶石。伊朗的研究人员研究了TiO 2对水泥窑用镁尖晶石砖性能的影响。     

镁锆砖的抗RH炉渣侵蚀机制

为实现RH炉的无铬化,以电熔镁砂、单斜锆为原料制备了ZrO2质量分数为11%的镁锆砖,并采用回转抗渣法进行镁锆砖和电熔再结合镁铬砖的抗高、低碱度RH炉渣对比试验,并分析了其抗渣机制。结果表明:(1)镁锆砖抗高碱度渣侵蚀性能较再结合镁铬砖强,但其抗低碱度渣侵蚀性能相对较差;在高碱度渣中形成含锆酸钙反应层是镁锆砖抗渣侵蚀性能优越的关键。(2)镁锆砖中的ZrO2吸收渣中的CaO而使渣碱度降低,黏度升高,从而使渣在镁锆砖中的渗透程度降低。(3)镁锆残砖的渣层含微量的ZrO2,从工作面到原砖层,镁锆残砖呈现出明显变质层、轻微变质层和原砖层3个段带,而镁铬残砖只有明显变质层和原砖2个段带;镁锆砖的SiO2含量在轻微变质层中最高,而镁铬砖的SiO2含量从工作面到原砖层逐渐减小。     

用FactSage分析结合系统对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料抗渣性能的影响

为研究结合系统对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料抗渣性能的影响,首先通过FactSage热力学分析软件计算了Fe_2O_3对刚玉-尖晶石低水泥浇注料和刚玉-尖晶石无水泥浇注料两种系统的侵蚀,然后对两种系统进行了坩埚抗渣试验。FactSage计算结果表明:无CaO的ρ-Al_2O_3结合刚玉-尖晶石无水泥浇注料抗Fe_2O_3侵蚀能力明显优于含CaO的刚玉-尖晶石低水泥浇注料。坩埚抗渣试验也证实了这一结论。     

铜冶炼炉用镁铬砖的性能优化研究

为了提高炼铜炉用镁铬砖的性能,在原有镁铬砖生产配方的基础上分别引入铁铝尖晶石粉、α-Al_2O_3微粉及α-Al_2O_3微粉+PC-F减水剂,以亚硫酸纸浆废液为结合剂,混合后在1 000 t压力机上成型为标砖,干燥后经1 700℃保温6 h烧成。检测烧后试样的体积密度、显气孔率、常温耐压强度、抗热震性、抗铜渣侵蚀性等,并通过扫描电子显微镜观察烧后试样的显微结构。结果表明:1)在镁铬砖中引入α-Al_2O_3微粉能有效提高砖的致密度、强度、抗热震性和抗铜渣侵蚀性,尤其是同时加入PC-F减水剂时。2)向镁铬砖中引入α-Al_2O_3微粉,烧结过程中Al_2O_3会与镁铬砖中的CaO、SiO_2反应生成低熔点物质,并呈连续状分布,能够促进物质传输和烧结;同时又能生成部分镁铝尖晶石,占据部分孔隙。     

Cr_2O_3含量不同的镁铬耐火材料在炉外精炼渣中的溶蚀

采用旋转圆柱体法研究了不同Cr_2O_3含量的耐火材料在炉外精炼渣中的溶解动力学。结果表明,镁铬材料的Cr_2O_3/MgO值越高,抗渣(CaO/SiO_2=1.2)蚀性越强。显微观察和电子探针分析结果证实:复合尖晶石的溶蚀主要是其中MgO·Al_2O_3的溶解。     

Corrosion Resistance Mechanism of Magnesia Zirconia Brick to RH Furnace Slag

Magnesia zirconia brick containing 11 wt% zirconia was prepared with magnesia and monoclinic zirconia as starting materials in order to replace the chrome-containing materials for RH furnace.The corrosion resistance of magnesia zirconia brick and fused rebonded magnesia chrome brick (short for magnesia chrome brick) to high and low basicity slag of RH furnace was comparatively researched by rotary slag method and their slag resistance mechanisms were analyzed.The results show that:(1) because the reaction l...     

Three bond modes of basic refractories used for Ruhrstahl Heraeus degassing process

Magnesia–spinel brick and unburnt periclase–spinel–Al brick are being employed as a substitution of traditional magnesia–chrome brick in the chromium-free campaign of lining materials in Ruhrstahl Heraeus (RH) degasser. These three materials are investigated, in terms of physical properties, corrosion resistance and flexibility by wedge splitting test. Tracking their physical alterations and chemical reactions through burning or heating, three bond modes are discovered. Magnesia–chrome brick is subject to a series of phase transformation with rising temperature to yield a liquid envelop around chromite-ore particles, to further form porous rim while liquid is gradually absorbed by surrounding magnesia and eventually to precipitate secondary chromite spinel lied between magnesia particles by thoroughly dissociating chrome ore. The precipitated chromite spinel functions as the featured bond that enhances hot strength and corrosion resistance to slag, and additionally liquid coexistence improves the flexibility. The direct bond mode of magnesia particles in magnesia–spinel brick endures slag penetration by immanent character of MgO. Spinel incorporation in magnesia effectively improves thermal shock resistance. Due to minor negative value of permanent linear change after reheating, further sintering (densifying) in using at high temperature would bring a risk of loosening and open joints of magnesia–spinel lining. While used in RH degasser, unburnt periclase–spinel–Al bricks undergo a miraculous process of metallic Al melting, gaseous AlN and AlON formation, MgAlON whiskers germination combined with gaseous Mg reduced, and micron-size whisker network bond domination in their matrix. Such a whisker-network bond renders the material a successful eco-friendly alternative to magnesia–chrome refractory.     

Cr_2O_3对方镁石－尖晶石耐火材料抗渣性的影响

采用电熔镁砂及预合成电熔ＭＡ砂为原料，在高温下烧成方镁石－尖晶石试样，当加入少量铬矿时可提高其热震稳定性及抗渣性。用坩埚法作富ＣａＯ转炉渣对方镁石－尖晶石系耐火材料的侵蚀试验后，采用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ、ＥＤＡＸ、岩相分析等方法分析Ｃｒ_２Ｏ_３对方镁石－尖晶石耐火材料抗渣性的影响。     

Slag Resistance of Refractories for Direct Reduction of Laterite Nickel Ores in Rotary Kilns

Aiming at prolonging the service life of refractories for direct reduction of laterite nickel ores in rotary kilns, the slag resistance of ten materials(corundum bricks, chrome corundum bricks, silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide bricks, high alumina silicon carbide bricks, high alumina bricks, magnesia chrome bricks, magnesium aluminate spinel bricks, spinel chrome corundum bricks, chrome corundum castables and magnesia alumina chrome composite spinel bricks) was evaluated by rotary slag tests, which simulate the service conditions in rotary kilns. The corroded residual bricks were analyzed by SEM and EDS. The results show that the magnesia alumina chrome composite spinel brick possesses the advantages of magnesium aluminate spinel bricks and chrome corundum bricks; MgO-rich spinel can absorb the penetrated ferric oxide, and forms a dense zeylanite layer, which prevents the penetration of the molten laterite nickel ores; therefore, it is an ideal lining of rotary kilns for direct reduction of laterite nickel ores.     

Corrosion resistance of Al–Cr-slag containing chromium–corundum refractories to slags with different basicity

Al–Cr slag is the solid waste generated by the smelting of Cr metal. It presents a range of environmental hazards. This study addressed the corrosion resistance of Al–Cr slag containing chromium–corundum refractories to slags with different basicity. Herein, we provide suggestions for the use of Cr–corundum of different basicity in kilns. Al–Cr slag, brown fused Al₂O₃, and chrome green were used as the raw materials, with pure calcium aluminate cement being used as a binder. The brick samples, prepared using different blends of chrome green and corundum, were fired at 1600?°C, and subsequently subjected to a slag corrosion test. After corrosion by slag of different basicity, the phase composition and microstructure of the sample were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectrometer and scanning electron microscopy. There were two major findings. First, Cr–corundum brick made from Al–Cr slag has a better slag corrosion resistance than that made from Cr₂O₃ and brown fused Al₂O₃. Second, Cr–corundum brick made from Al–Cr slag has superior corrosion resistance to slag with a CaO:SiO₂ ratio of 2:1.     

Study on Microstructure and Slag Corrosion Mechanism of High Chrome Bricks for Gasifier

1 Introduction The gasifier like Texaco style is of important tech- nical equipment for ammonia synthesis and production of carbamide, carbinol and ethylene etc. Due to differ- ent energy resource structure, petroleum coke is adopt- ed as rawmaterial in A…     

Analysis of Spent High Chrome Brick in Slagging Gasifier

Wear of the spent high chrome brick in slagging gasifier was studied.The result shows that erosion and spalling are the main wear mechanism of high chrome brick and the CaO content of coal slag is crucial to wear of high chrome brick.     

气化炉用后高铬砖的渣蚀机理

采用扫描电镜和XRD等分析方法,对石油焦气化炉和水煤浆气化炉用后高铬砖及渣蚀试验砖的显微结构进行了观察与分析。根据高铬砖显微结构变化,研究了在不同气化炉内高铬砖受熔渣侵蚀损毁的机理。结果表明:石油焦气化炉用高铬砖中的Cr2O3与熔渣中的V2O5接触反应,在低温下形成液相而被熔蚀,是其蚀损的主要原因;水煤浆气化炉用高铬砖蚀损的主要原因是Cr2O3在熔渣里的溶解和ZrO2的熔蚀;LIRR-HK95砖由于成分和结构的优化,抗石油焦渣侵蚀性能好。     

The State—of—art of Magnesia—chrome Refractories for P—S Converter in China‘s Non—ferrous Industry

The state-of-art of magnesia-chrome refractories from direct-bonded magnesia chroma brick to fused-grain rebounded magnesia chrome brick for P-S converter is discribed.The Cr2O3 conternt of the brick is continually increased with the reduction of the impurity content of brick ,the pre-synthetic raw material is applied and the operating condition of conerter is optimized so that the service life of converter is largely enhanced.     

用铬渣生产镁橄榄石-尖晶石质耐火材料

分析了铁合金厂的铬铁渣的结构、化学成分及其物相组成,研究了以铬铁法为原料配加镁砂生产高质量耐火材料的可行性。分析了烧成制品的抗法性能及影响因素。结果表明,以铬铁渣为原料配加一定量的镁砂,在一定的工艺条件下,可生产出高质量、高性能的镍橄枝石-尖晶石质耐火材料。