F-T柴油对直喷式柴油机燃烧和排放的影响

在两种不同供油提前角下研究了燃用F-T柴油对直喷式柴油机燃烧和排放特性的影响,结果表明:发动机不做任何调整时,与0号柴油相比,燃用F-T柴油的滞燃期较短,预混燃烧放热峰值较低,扩散燃烧放热峰值较高,最高燃烧压力和最大压力升高率较低,燃油消耗率和热效率都得到了改善,HC、CO、NOx和碳烟排放同时降低。当供油提前角推迟3℃A时,燃用F-T柴油燃烧持续期明显缩短,预混燃烧放热峰值、最高燃烧压力和最大压力升高率进一步降低,扩散燃烧放热峰值略有升高,燃油消耗率变化不大,NOx排放进一步降低, HC、CO和碳烟略有增加,其中HC排放与原柴油机相当,而CO和碳烟仍远低于原柴油机。     

推迟供油提前角对生物柴油发动机燃烧和排放性能的影响

在直喷式增压柴油机上进行了供油提前角对生物柴油发动机动力性、经济性和排放性能影响的研究。试验结果表明:与柴油相比,推迟供油提前角后生物柴油的动力性下降,燃油经济性恶化,NO_x和烟度排放均有不同程度的降低。推迟供油提前角对生物柴油的喷油压力和滞燃期影响不大,但喷油始点和燃烧始点均迟于柴油。与柴油相比,推迟供油提前角后最高气缸压力下降,放热峰值出现时刻提前,指示热效率降低。燃烧始点与NO_x排放的相关性最大,喷油始点和放热峰值出现时刻也与NO_x排放呈弱相关性。     

燃烧乙醇-柴油时发动机的性能与排放特性研究

在一台双缸直喷式柴油机上,对燃烧乙醇-柴油时发动机的燃油经济性和排放性进行试验。试验结果表明：与纯柴油相比,乙醇-柴油的当量燃油消耗率和CO排放量在较大负荷工况下有所减小,NOx和碳烟排放在各种工况下都显著降低,但HC的排放量增加;适当减小发动机的供油提前角,对提高燃油经济性和排放性有利。     

供油提前角对柴油/甲醇混合燃料燃烧排放性能的影响

添加助溶剂并使用超声波振动形成混合均匀的柴油/甲醇混合燃料,通过柴油机台架试验,分析供油提前角变化对柴油/甲醇混合燃料燃烧排放的影响。试验结果表明:供油提前角提前,柴油/甲醇混合燃料的有效燃油消耗率降低。随着供油提前角减小,混合燃料滞燃期缩短,供油提前角为21°CA时,混合燃料的燃烧持续期最短,增加或减少供油提前角都将延长燃烧持续期。供油提前角变化对柴油/甲醇混合燃料的排放有较大影响,推迟供油,混合燃料的烟度排放和CO排放增加,NOx排放与HC排放降低。     

供油提前角对柴油/水煤浆混合燃料燃烧排放性能的影响

通过柴油机台架试验,分析了供油提前角变化对柴油/水煤浆混合燃料燃烧排放的影响.试验结果表明:当供油提前角调定为18 ℃A时,柴油/水煤浆混合燃料的有效燃油消耗率降低,热效率升高,燃烧持续期最短,增加或减少供油提前角都将延长燃烧持续期;供油提前角变化对柴油/水煤浆混合燃料的排放有较大影响,逐步增大供油提前角(由17到18 ℃A,再到19 ℃A),混合燃烧的烟度排放降低,Nox的排放先降低再升高,CO的排放先升高再降低,HC排放升高.     

甲醇/生物柴油/F-T柴油混合燃料燃烧特性与排放特性研究

选取煤基燃料F-T柴油和甲醇,并辅以生物柴油,配制成甲醇/生物柴油/F-T柴油混合燃料,在未做调整的四缸增压中冷柴油机上进行试验研究。结果表明:混合燃料的燃烧放热率峰值、压力升高率峰值和缸内压力峰值均随混合燃料中生物柴油比例的增加而增加,且对应的相位延迟;外特性下燃用混合燃料时,碳烟、氮氧化物的排放量明显降低,在低转速下一氧化碳降低幅度较大,混合燃料对甲醛也有较大幅度的减排作用。     

DMF-柴油发动机燃烧和排放特性的试验

2,5-二甲基呋喃(DMF)是一种适用于内燃机的新型生物质燃料.在一台压燃发动机上,主要研究了DMF-柴油混合燃料(D40)在不同EGR率下的燃烧和排放特性,并与汽油-柴油混合燃料(G40)做了对比.结果表明,D40滞燃期较长,指示热效率较高,但最大压升率较高.在整个EGR区间,Soot排放一直接近于零,不存在传统燃烧的NOx和Soot之间的"trade-off"关系.虽然DMF的理化特性与汽油相似,但主要由于滞燃期不同,G40与D40在燃烧与排放特性上差别较大;相比G40,D40的氮氧和THC排放略高,但Soot排放极低.滞燃期是柴油机燃用D40和G40燃烧和排放差异的主要原因.     

预混合氢气/柴油发动机燃烧及排放特性

以ZS1100单缸柴油机作为研究对象,设计了进气管加氢的预混合氢气进气系统.通过调节进气加氢量,对进气加氢预混合氢气/柴油发动机不同工况下的燃烧及排放特性进行了试验研究.结果表明,氢气和柴油燃烧过程中的协同作用使得进气加氢预混合氢气/柴油发动机的燃烧和排放表现出一些特性.     

供油提前角对天然气/柴油双燃料发动机排放的影响

天然气／柴油双燃料发动机的排放指标受多种因素的制约,其中作为引燃燃料－柴油的供油提前角变化对发动机排放特性影响较大。试验结果表明,在可调节的供油提前角范围内,双燃料发动机排放中的ＴＨＣ相差３倍以上,ＣＯ相差近１．５倍左右,ＮＯｘ相差１．５倍左右。而且,在保证原机标定功率和动力性的基础上,双燃料发动机的供油提前角需要适当调整,并存在最佳供油提前角,保证良好的排放性能。     

燃用F-T柴油/甲醇微乳化燃料对柴油机排放特性影响

在某增压柴油机上分别燃用0~#柴油、F-T柴油和三种不同配比的F-T柴油/甲醇微乳化燃料(简称FT微乳化燃料),分析了其燃烧排放特性,试验中柴油机结构和参数未进行调整。研究结果表明:相比于0~#柴油,燃用FT微乳化燃料缸内压力下降,放热率峰值降低。FT微乳化燃料有效降低了CO、NO_x和碳烟等常规排放,平均降幅范围分别为20%~40%、25%~27%和65%~97%。非常规排放中未燃甲醇排放随着燃料中甲醇比例的增加而增加,随着负荷增大而降低;甲醛排放均较0~#柴油有所增加,随负荷变化趋势与未燃甲醇相同,但并未与燃料中甲醇含量形成线性相关。     

Study of combustion and emission characteristics of turbocharged diesel engine fuelled with dimethylether

An experimental study of a turbocharged diesel engine operating on dimethyl ether (DME) was conducted. The combustion and emission characteristics of the DME engine were investigated. The results show that the maximum torque and power of DME are greater than those of diesel, particularly at low speeds; the brake specific fuel consumption of DME is lower than that of diesel at low and middle engine speeds, and the injection delay of DME is longer than that of diesel. However, the maximum cylinder pressure, maximum pressure rise rate and combustion noises of the DME engine are lower than those of diesel. The combustion velocity of DME is faster than that of diesel, resulting in a shorter combustion duration of DME. Compared with the diesel engine, NO _x emission of the DME engine is reduced by 41.6% on ESC data. In addition, the DME engine is smoke free at any operating condition. __________ Translated from Transactions of CSICE, 2006, 24(3): 193–199 [译自: 内燃机学报]     

Study of combustion and emission characteristics of turbocharged diesel engine fuelled with dimethylether

An experimental study of a turbocharged diesel engine operating on dimethyl ether (DME) was conducted. The combustion and emission characteristics of the DME engine were investigated. The results show that the maximum torque and power of DME are greater than those of diesel, particularly at low speeds; the brake specific fuel consumption of DME is lower than that of diesel at low and middle engine speeds, and the injection delay of DME is longer than that of diesel. However, the maximum cylinder pressure, maximum pressure rise rate and combustion noises of the DME engine are lower than those of diesel. The combustion velocity of DME is faster than that of diesel, resulting in a shorter combustion duration of DME. Compared with the diesel engine, NO_x emission of the DME engine is reduced by 41.6% on ESC data. In addition, the DME engine is smoke free at any operating condition.     

三元煤基混合燃料在防爆柴油机上的燃烧排放特性研究

为改善防爆柴油机的燃烧排放特性,以CY25型柴油机为研究对象,探究其在不同工况下燃用混合燃料(混合燃料中F-T柴油、聚甲氧基二甲醚、甲醇的体积分数分别为14.3%,71.4%,9.5%)时的燃烧排放特性。试验结果表明:与燃用0#柴油相比,燃用混合燃料时,随着压缩比的增大,燃烧压力的最大增幅为14.3%,最大压力升高率的降幅为27.7%,瞬时放热率的最大降幅为32.3%;在高速、高负荷工况下,缸内燃烧温度与压缩比呈正相关;碳烟排放量随压缩比和负荷的增大而增加,压缩比为17时的碳烟排放量是压缩比为15时的2倍。     

Effect of hydrogen addition on the combustion and emission of a diesel free-piston engine

The free-piston engine (FPE) is a new crankless engine, which operates with variable compression ratio, flexible fuel applicability and low pollution potential. A numerical model which couples with dynamic, combustion and gas exchange was established and verified by experiment to simulate the effects of different hydrogen addition on the combustion and emission of a diesel FPE. Results indicate that a small amount of hydrogen addition has a little effect on the combustion process of the FPE. However, when the ratio of hydrogen addition (R_H2) is more than 0.1, the R_H2 gives a positive effect on the peak in-cylinder gas pressure, temperature, and nitric oxide emission of the FPE, while soot emission decreases with the increase of hydrogen addition. Moreover, the larger R_H2 induces a longer ignition delay, shorter rapid combustion period, weaker post-combustion effect, greater heat release rate, and earlier peak heat release rate for the FPE. Nevertheless, the released heat in rapid combustion period is significantly enhanced by the increase of R_H2.     

Exhaust emission and combustion evaluation of coconut oil-powered indirect injection diesel engine

This paper presents the results of experimental work carried out to evaluate the exhaust emissions characteristics of ordinary Malaysian coconut oil (COCO) blended with conventional diesel oil (OD) fueled in a diesel engine. This project complies with Malaysian Government strategy on biofuel research activity. The results showed that the addition of 30% COCO with OD produced higher brake power and net heat release rate with a net reduction in exhaust emissions such as HC, NOx, CO, smoke and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Above 30% COCO blends, such as 40 and 50% COCO blends, developed lower brake power and net heat release rate were noted due to the fuels lower calorific value; nevertheless, reduced emissions were still noted.     

预喷正时对柴油机燃烧与排放影响的试验研究

通过台架试验,分析对比柴油机各参数随预喷正时的变化,研究多次喷射预喷正时对柴油机燃烧和排放性能的影响。试验表明,预喷正时决定缸内燃烧的放热始点和放热率,影响缸内的燃烧温度、爆发压力、NOx排放和碳烟的生成,预喷正时为20°时,爆发压力最大;预喷正时为35°时,热效率最高,油耗率和烟度最低;预喷正时为45°时,NOx排放最小。综合分析选择预喷正时40°作为折中优化方案,降低发动机油耗和NOx、碳烟排放,同时提高发动机的热效率。     

Performance,emission and combustion characteristics of CI engine fuelled with diesel and hydrogen

Hydrogen (H₂) is being considered as a primary automotive fuel and as a replacement for conventional fuels. Some of the desirable properties, like high flame velocity, high calorific value motivate us to use hydrogen fuel as a dual fuel mode in diesel engine. In this experiment, hydrogen was inducted in the inlet manifold with intake air. The experiments were conducted on a four stroke, single cylinder, water cooled, direct injection (DI), diesel engine at a speed of 1500 r/min. Hydrogen was stored in a high pressure cylinder and supplied to the inlet manifold through a water-and-air-based flame arrestor. A pressure regulator was used to reduce the cylinder pressure from 140 bar to 2 bar. The hydrogen was inducted with a volume flow rate of 4l pm, 6l pm and 8l pm, respectively by a digital volume flow meter. The engine performance, emission and combustion parameters were analyzed at various flow rates of hydrogen and compared with diesel fuel operation. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was increased and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreased for the hydrogen flow rate of 8l pm as compared to the diesel and lower volume flow rates of hydrogen. The hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) were decreased and the oxides of nitrogen (NO_x) increased for higher volume flow rates of hydrogen compared to diesel and lower volume flow rates of hydrogen. The heat release rate and cylinder pressure was increased for higher volume flow rates of hydrogen compared to diesel and lower volume flow rates of hydrogen.     

Gas emissions and particulate matter of non-road diesel engine fueled with F-T diesel with EGR

The gas emissions and particulate matter of non-road diesel engine fueled with Fischer–Tropsch diesel fuel were investigated. The test was carried out on a four-stroke, water-cooled, single-cylinder engine under different the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates such as 0%, 15%, and 30% at 2,700 rpm, 25%, 50%, and 75% load. The test results showed that when the EGR rate is less than 15%, nitrogen oxides (NO_x) are reduced significantly, while hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) are increased less than 5%. However, when the EGR rate was 30%, HC and CO were maximally increased to 13.2% and 13.3%, respectively. Additionally, the Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscope test and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer test were conducted. With increase of EGR rates, the micromorphology of particles was mainly showed as chain-like status and the growth of number concentration of particle was mainly contributed by the nuclear particle when the engine was at 25% load. In contrast, the micromorphology of particles was principally showed as clustered-like status, and the aggregated particles were dominating growth at 50% and 75% load. Moreover, as EGR rates increased, the degree of agglomeration and carbon content were gradually decreased at 25% load. The test also showed the opposite tendency at 50% and 75% load.     

甲醇喷入时刻对缸内双喷柴油机燃烧与排放影响的数值模拟分析

文章以CY25TQ单缸柴油机为原型,利用AVL-FIRE软件建模,在压缩比为16.9、转速为1 800 r/min、甲醇质量分数为40%、引燃油喷油时刻为20°CA BTDC的工况下,分别在130,70,40,10°CA BTDC 4个时刻喷入甲醇,研究不同甲醇喷入时刻对缸内双喷柴油/甲醇发动机燃烧与排放的影响。研究结果表明:当甲醇喷入时刻为130,70,40°CA BTDC时,缸内以预混合燃烧为主,且甲醇喷入时刻为70°CA BTDC时,缸内预混合气的浓度梯度较合理,燃烧等容度更好,CO和SOOT的排放量降低,NOx的排放量增加,但增加幅度不大;甲醇喷入时刻为40°CA BTDC时,甲醇会在上止点前着火,在压缩冲程做负功,发动机的热效率降低;甲醇喷入时刻为10°CA BTDC时,缸内以扩散燃烧为主,缸内温度较低,甲醇燃烧不充分,排放较差。