用大鼠卵巢LH/HCG受体建立牛促黄体素(bLH)放射受体分析法的研究

本试验以假孕大鼠卵巢组织匀浆作 LH/HCG受体建立了 bLH/HCG放射受体分析法(RRA)。bLH和HCG的剂量反应曲线平行,灵敏度分别为0.1ng/管和0.03ng/管。用本方法测定牛血浆LH水平时,不需要对血浆进行处理,供测血浆量可取10-40μl。方法的重复性较好,组内变异系数为8.89％,组间变异系数为14.69％;无LH牛血浆添加bLH和HCG的回收率分别为98.98±11.94％和102.8±5.81％。 研究了无LH牛血浆和BSA对标准曲线的影响。与前人对人血浆的研究结果比较,发现牛血浆和人血浆对RRA的干扰特性不同,推论血浆RRA干扰因子存在着种属特异性。     

用异源放射免疫分析法测定猪血清促黄体素（LH）

本实验用兔抗牛LH(bLH)血清,~(125)Ⅰ-标记牛LH(~(125)Ⅰ-bLH)建立猪LH(pLH)的异源放射免疫分析法。bLH、pLH的标准曲线及猪血清稀释曲线平行。此方法的特异性强,与猪促卵泡素(pFSH)的交叉反应小于0.5％;灵敏度为0.015～0.020ng/管;猪血清添加pLH的回收率为96.8±3.8％;测定内变异系数为3.3％(n=14),测定间变异系数为5.5％(n-5),用本方法测定,注射LRH-A_210分钟后猪血清LH的含量显著提高(P<0.01)。75、95、115、135、155日龄后备母香猪(n=7)血清中LH含量依次为1.50±0.59,1.54±0.42,1.76±0.30,1.41±0.17,1.88±0.30ng/ml;发情时母香猪(n=2)血清中LH含量为7.07±2.73ng/ml     

测定多种动物血清中LH生物活性RRA法的应用

利用已建立的可测定多种动物血清中促黄体激素 ( LH)生物学活性的 LH-RRA法 ,检测了不同生理状态下的 LH分泌量 ,进一步分析了该 RRA法在实践应用中的可靠性。通过用特异性刺激 LH分泌的 LRH-A3注射动物和诱导体外培养的垂体细胞分泌 LH的试验表明 ,该方法具有很高的特异性和可靠性。结果显示 ,雄兔对于 LRH-A3刺激有特异性反应。 2只兔前后、不同兔同时的对照试验表明 ,该 RRA法可以特异性地检测出 LRH-A3引起的 LH特异性变化。对母猪发情至早期妊娠阶段血清中 LH检测结果表明 ,此 RRA法可有效地测定出猪血清中 LH的动态变化。利用绵羊垂体细胞体外培养模型 ,分别用不同剂量的 LRH-A3( 0、1、1 0、1 0 0、1 0 0 0 ng/孔 )诱导垂体细胞合成和分泌 LH,RRA测定结果表明 ,试验组 LH含量分别比对照组增加 1 .77、1 .78、2 .0 3和 1 .4 6倍 ( P <0 .0 1 ) ,呈现剂量依赖关系。以上结果表明 ,建立的 LH-h CG的 RRA可以替代 RIA和体外生物测定法     

枫泾和长白青年母猪首次发情周期内血清中5种生殖激素含量变化

放射免疫法测定枫泾(FJ)和长白(L)青年母猪(各4头)首次发情周期内外周血清中促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)、17β-雌二醇(E_2)、孕酮(P_4)、和睾酮(T)的含量。测定结果,初情期开始日龄FJ猪平均为104.3±11.50天,L猪为235.0±1.95天。两猪种首次发情周期内外周血清中同种生殖激素有相似的变化趋势。在首次情期内,FJ和L猪的FSH平均含量分别波动在28.6±8.6～49.4±6.0ng/ml和16.8±2.5～38.9±0ng/ml之间;FSH总平均含量FJ猪组(37.8±2.7)显著高于L猪(27.0±3.1ng/ml)P<0.05;FJ猪发情0～2小时的FSH平均含量(34.4±2.1ng/ml)极显著地高于L猪(22.2±1.7ng/ml)P<0.001。排卵前LH峰均值FJ猪组(5.31±0.75ng/ml)显著高于L猪组(1.83±0.75ng/ml)P<0.05。发情当天(0天)E_2达峰值,FJ和L猪组分别是30.5±3.9和20.4±5.3pg/ml,两者无显著差异(P>0.05)。FJ和L猪组各自的P_4(ng/ml)和T(pg/ml)分泌呈显著正相关,相关系数依次为γ_F=0.71,P<0.05,γ_L=0.95,P<0.01。LH、FSH的含量高很可能是FJ猪高排卵率的重要因素之一。     

牛促黄体素（bLH）同源放射免疫分析法的建立

本实验用兔抗牛LH血清、~(125)I-标记的牛LH建立牛LH的放射免疫分析法。本方法灵敏度为0.12ng USDA-bLH-B-5/ml,与NIH-bTSH-S_(10),USDA-bFSH-BP_3和oPRL的交叉反应分别小于1.0％,0.1％和0。牛血浆添加USDA-bLH-B-5的回收率为100.8±4.7％,标准曲线的范围为0.019-1.25ng USDA-bLH-B-5。组内变异系数为3.4％(n=20)、组间变异系数为5.2％(n=7)。垂体兴奋试验表明本方法能灵敏、特异地测定出牛血液中LH的变化。     

枫泾和长白母猪对初情期前注射黄体素释放激素类似物(LRH-A_2)的反应

进行两个试验,研究了初情期前不同日龄的枫泾和长白母猪LRH-A_2诱导的LH水平和不同剂量的LRH-A_2对LH水平的影响。结果表明,77日龄枫泾猪,85和202日龄长白猪在诱导前血清中LH含量分别为1.70±0.17、0.74±0.10和1.40±0.14ng/ml,前二者和后二者间的差异极为明显(P<0.001)。除枫泾猪的5μg和10μg剂量外,其余各剂量在注射5分钟后血清中LH含量均显著高于注射前的LH值(P<0.005～0.001)。枫泾猪诱导的LH峰值与LRH-A_2的剂量无关,而长白猪的峰值出现时间和峰值高低均因剂量而异。诱导的LH值随初情期前的小母猪日龄而变化。枫泾猪和长白猪诱导的LH峰值出现的日龄分别为30和60天,峰值分别为5.55±0.63和16.14±2.74ng/ml,差异极明显(P<0.005)。枫泾猪在30～60和75～90日龄时诱导的LH值分别显著低于长白猪在60和95日龄的诱导值,但接近初情期时,两猪种间的差异则变得不明显。可结论如下:甾体激素的负反馈机制,枫泾和长白猪分别在30和60日龄开始建立,并在初情期时达到完善。     

双峰驼排卵机制的研究Ⅰ.促黄体素(LH)的放射免疫测定技术

本实验以羊参考制剂 NIH—LH—S_(18)为标准品,利用抗羊 LH 血清—放射性碘标记羊 LH 异源放射免疫测定系统(双抗体法)测定了双峰母驼卵泡发育期和精液诱导排卵前后血液中 LH 的水平。对此测定方法的特异性、灵敏度、准确度和精确度均分别进行了相应的检验,证明这一异源放射免疫测定系统可以对双峰驼血液中的 LH 进行测定,为双峰驼排卵机制的研究提供了一种有用的手段。测定时标准曲线的范围为0.125～32.0ng,灵敏度为0.1ng。一次测定内的变异系数为5.84％,测定间的变异系数为17.38％。应用此技术测得两头母驼的4个卵泡发育期中血液内 LH 的基础水平为2.70±1.29ng/ml;两例母驼在人工输精后5～8小时内血液中 LH 的峰值为11.20±4.67ng/ml,约为基础水平的4倍;经直肠检查,在 LH 峰值后40小时左右排卵。     

山羊同期发情处理后发情时间、LH峰及排卵时间间隔的研究

试验比较了16-次甲基甲地孕酮(MGA)和氟孕酮(FGA)对安徽白山羊进行同期发情处理后发情、LH峰值及排卵的时间间隔,结果表明:MGA处理组开始发情的时间(80.6±3.5)h较FGA处理组(41.3±1.3)h长,而且差异极显著(P<0.01);同情发情处理结束到LH峰出现、到排卵以及LH峰出现到排卵的时间间隔,MGA组为(93.5±2.2)h、(117.9±2.9)h和(24.4±1.1)h,FGA组为(55.5±2.3)h、(76.4±1.5)h和(20.8±0.7)h,两组间差异均达显著水平(P<0.05);同期发情处理结束后开始发情到LH峰出现的时间间隔、开始发情到排卵的时间间隔以及血清LH峰持续时间MGA组、FGA组分别为:(13.9±1.4)h和(14.3±0.8)h,(37.3±2.1)h和(35.0±0.5)h,(12.0±0.6)h和(12.6±0.3)h,两组间差异均不显著。     

几种动物凝血时间的测定

用玻片法和试管法测定了小鼠、兔、鸡、绵羊、牛、猪 6种动物的凝血时间。玻片法测定的凝血时间 ,小鼠为6.3 4± 1.5 3min ,兔为 1 90± 1.15min ,鸡为 3 95± 2 68min ,牛为 2 99± 2 63min ;试管法测定的凝血时间 ,兔为 2 96±0 86min ,鸡为 5 95± 4 5 4min ,绵羊为 5 0 6± 1 5 7min ,牛为 5 84± 0 94min ,猪为 1 97± 0 .71min。结果在性别间没有显著差异 ,而兔、鸡、牛试管法测定的结果显著长于玻片法     

猫经口内服2种米尔贝肟吡喹酮片的药代动力学比较研究

本试验将16只成年健康猫随机分成2组,每组8只(公母各半),采用单剂量随机平行对照试验设计,分别单剂量(4 mg/kg体重,以米尔贝肟计)经口内服国产(受试品)和进口(对照品)米尔贝肟吡喹酮片,进行其在猫体内的药代动力学比较研究.给药后按预定时间采集血样,采用HPLC法进行血浆中米尔贝肟和吡喹酮含量的测定,实测血药浓度—时间数据采用Winnonlin 5.2药代动力学分析软件计算药代动力学参数.结果显示,米尔贝肟吡喹酮片对照品单剂量内服后,米尔贝肟的消除半衰期(T_1/2β)为(20.08±7.57)h,达峰时间(T_max)和峰值浓度(C_max)分别为6.00 h和(764.43±251.40)ng/mL,平均曲线下面积(AUC)为(15.00±5.05)ng/(L·h),平均滞留时间(MRT)(18.60±1.52)h;吡喹酮的消除半衰期(T_1/2β)为(6.27±5.26)h,达峰时间(T_max)和峰值浓度(C_max)分别为(3.88±0.35)h和(1018.25±200.19)ng/mL,平均曲线下面积(AUC)为(8.69±2.07)ng/(L·h),平均滞留时间(MRT)(6.56±1.07)h.米尔贝肟吡喹酮片受试品单剂量内服后,米尔贝肟的消除半衰期(T_1/2β)为(15.07±4.05)h,达峰时间(T_max)和峰值浓度(C_max)分别为(5.25±1.04)h和(806.65±299.01)ng/mL,平均曲线下面积(AUC)为(15.18±5.97)ng/(L·h),平均滞留时间(MRT)(17.47±1.97)h,相对生物利用度为101.20%;吡喹酮的消除半衰期(T_1/2β)为(11.11±4.62)h,达峰时间(T_max)和峰值浓度(C_max)分别为(5.25±1.04)h和(880.47±241.27)ng/mL,平均曲线下面积(AUC)为(9.64±2.76)ng/(L·h),平均滞留时间(MRT)(10.52±1.52)h,相对生物利用度为119.16%.与对照品相比,受试品的药代动力学参数中除米尔贝肟的消除半衰期显著缩短、吡喹酮的达峰时间显著延迟外(P<0.05),其他药代动力学参数差异均不显著(P>0.05).结果表明,猫经口内服米尔贝肟吡喹酮片受试品与对照品后具有相似的药代动力学特征.     

Simultaneous presence of a seminoma and a leiomyoma in the testes of a horse

An 18‐year‐old stallion was presented for castration because of insidious, bilateral scrotal enlargement of one year's duration. The left testis was firm, while the right was soft and lobulated; both were larger than normal. Palpation of the scrotum and its contents did not cause the horse to show signs of discomfort. Ultrasonography of scrotal contents revealed abnormal, heterogeneous tissue with ill defined regions of hyper‐ and hypoechogenity throughout both testes. Several hours after admission the horse developed severe signs of colic. On the basis of anamnesis, clinical findings, and results of ultrasonography and transrectal palpation bilateral testicular neoplasia and incarcerated inguinal hernia were tentatively diagnosed. Because the horse's owner did not consent to surgical treatment, the stallion was subjected to euthanasia. Histological and immunohistochemical examination of the testicular tissue collected post mortem revealed a seminoma in the left testis and a leiomyoma in the right testis. The post mortem examination also revealed incarceration of the small intestine in addition to the testicular tumours. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the simultaneous presence of bilateral, yet different testicular tumour types in a stallion.     

Leiomyoma of a kidney in a dog: a rare diagnosis

A five-year-old, neutered male, Bernese Mountain Dog was referred because of a two-week history of hematuria and a one-week history of polydipsia and polyuria. Palpation of the dorsomedial mesogastrium revealed a mass on the left side, which was seen via radiography and ultrasonography to be attached to the left kidney. The left kidney and the attached mass were excised surgically, and the dog had an uneventful recovery. Histological examination of the mass revealed a dense proliferation of non-polymorphic spindle cells, which stained positive for smooth muscle actin via immunohistochemistry. Leiomyoma of the kidney was diagnosed. Postoperatively, there was mild azotaemia, which did not affect the general condition of the dog and was still present 15 months after surgery. Leiomyoma of the kidney is a benign tumor, and hematuria may be the only clinical sign.     

Surgical resection of a dysgerminoma in a mare

A mare was referred for further evaluation of a mass found in the left caudal abdomen during a routine postpartum reproductive palpation. The mare was clinically normal with no history of health problems. Ultrasonographic examination of the mass confirmed its presence, but the origin of the mass could not be accurately determined. Routine haematology and serum biochemistry results were within normal limits. The mare was initially treated conservatively with antibiotics, but the mass continued to increase in size, so it was surgically excised. The mass involved the left ovary. The mare showed transient abdominal pain after surgery, but developed no other complications and was in foal 7 months later. On histology, the mass was diagnosed as a dysgerminoma, a rare ovarian tumour of germ cell origin.     

Gastrocutaneous fistula as a result of migration of a foreign body in a dog

A six-year-old, female Tibetan terrier was referred for investigation of a non-healing wound on the left caudal thorax. A subcutaneous swelling had initially developed on the chest wall, followed by a draining tract from which seropurulent fluid drained for two months. There had been no response to antibiotic treatment. Following radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations, a bone sequestrum from a fractured rib or a foreign body was suspected. Surgical exploration of the wound identified a sinus tract and a wooden foreign body (an ice-lolly stick) was located in subcutaneous tissues. Partial wound dehiscence of the surgical site occurred postoperatively, but healed after 10 days. One month later, fluid began to discharge from the area again. Further surgical exploration confirmed a gastrocutaneous fistula. Dissection of the fistula and surgical closure of the stomach, body wall and skin led to resolution of all signs.