人乳头瘤病毒16L1-减毒志贺氏杆菌为载体疫苗的构建及免疫效应初步鉴定

为预防高危型人乳头瘤病毒16型(HPV16)诱发宫颈癌,制备以减毒志贺氏杆菌为载体的HPV16预防疫苗,以期载体可介导机体产生粘膜免疫反应,达到预防HPVl6感染的目的。为此构建了以HPV16L1为免疫原的减毒志贺氏杆菌苗,并初步鉴定候选疫苗的减毒特性和免疫效果。利用基于志贺氏杆菌virG／icsA基因的表达载体(pHS3199),将HPV16L1基因插入后构成pHS3199-hpv16L1质粒,电穿孔法将其转入减毒志贺氏杆菌sh42,经筛选获得重组减毒sh42-HPV16L1工程菌。用免疫印迹法检测HPV16L1蛋白表达,连续传代法确定其传代和目的蛋白表达的稳定性;豚鼠角膜巩膜炎症试验检测细菌的毒力和菌苗的免疫效果;小鼠红细胞凝集抑制试验检测免疫血清对病毒样颗粒(VLP)的中和活性。免疫印迹检测证实,重组菌株sh42-HPV16L1可稳定表达HPV16L1;豚鼠角膜巩膜炎症试验证实,该候选菌苗无致病性。减毒sh42-HPV16L1经结膜囊途径免疫豚鼠,可以产生特异性体液免疫应答,免疫动物体内的血清、肠道、阴道分泌物中抗HPV16L1 VLPIgG、IgA含量显著高于对照组,并且sh42-HPV16L1免疫动物血清可明显抑制HPV16L1 VLP引起的小鼠红细胞凝集。因而sh42-HPV16L1将是一种潜在的HPV16候选预防疫苗。     

农杆菌T—DNA介导的植物转基因的分子机制

前言 根瘤农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)与发根农根菌(A.rhizogenes)同属根瘤菌科,是革兰氏阴性植物病原菌。前者感染植物引起冠瘿病(Crop gall tumour),冠瘿病用含有抗生素的培养基培养与除菌。可无限增殖;后者感染植物诱发出许多不定根,把不定根培养在上述培养基上也可迅速生长,多次分枝成毛状称毛状根(hairy root)。农杆菌感染机理很复杂。其感染作用起始于受伤的植物细胞分泌的大量化学物质时期。受伤植物细胞分泌的酚分子诱导农杆菌怀有的Ti质粒或Ri质粒上的基因活化,尔后农杆菌紧附植物细胞并把Ti质粒或Ri质粒上一部分DNA(称作T—DNA,tranfer DNA)转移到植物染色体上。T.DNA共价整合后编译合成的新的低分量的代谢物,称为冠瘿碱。     

重组原核表达载体pQE30-HPV58L1的构建及鉴定

目的：构建重组原核表达载体以获得HPV58L1活性蛋白,为进一步研制HPV58基因工程疫苗打下基础。方法：用聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增HPV58L1完整编码区基因,将PCR扩增产物克隆至pUC19质粒中并测序。利用pQE30质粒载体构建重组原核表达载体pQE30-HPV58L1,并通过酶切电泳验证重组结果的正确性。结果：PCR扩增出1.6Kb特异性片段,经克隆至pUC19后测序表明序列同源性与Gen-Bank报道一致。重组质粒pQE30-HPV58L1酶切后显示其大小约5.1Kb,酶切图谱与预期相同。结论：成功构建了重组原核表达载体pQE30-HPV58L1。     

甘蓝型油菜BcNA1基因启动子在转基因烟草中对GUS基因表达的调控

通过PCR扩增,从甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus)品种H165中克隆了种子贮藏蛋白基因BcNAl的启动子,将此启动子与GUS基因相连构建了植物表达载体,利用农杆菌介导法将其导入烟草,对转基因烟划GUS基因检测分析表明,BcNAl基因启动子能特异地启动GUS基因在种子中的表达;而且GUS酶的活性随着转基因烟草种子的发育而变化。同时还间接证明BcNA1基因的启动子在转基因烟草中的遗传传递方式符合盂德尔遗传定律。     

人源抗狂犬病毒单克隆抗体载体的构建及烟草转基因研究

为了构建高效表达人源抗狂犬病毒单克隆抗体载体,首先对人源抗狂犬病毒抗体（S057）重链和轻链编码基因的密码子进行偏好性改造,添加增强外源基因表达的控制元件．然后分别与花椰菜花叶病毒35s启动子和木薯叶脉花叶病毒启动子融合,连接至植物表达载体pBI121上,然后将构建好的载体转入农杆菌LB4404,采用叶盘法转化烟草叶片。用分子生物学技术,对6株转基因烟草进行检测,电泳检测结果均为阳性.用酶联接免疫吸附剂法。检测6株烟草叶片中人源抗狂犬病毒单克隆抗体的表达。结果表明．6株烟草均成功表达人源抗狂犬病毒抗体．     

人乳头瘤病毒16型L1和L2基因表达产物的鉴定

目的:构建人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)16型晚期基因L1及L2的原核表达质粒,并验证目的蛋白的表达.方法:用限制性酶切及连接的方法构建原核表达质粒pET3a-16 L1和pET3a-16 L2,通过SDS-PAGE及Westen blot检测目的融合蛋白的表达.结果:在大肠菌中诱导表达的L1蛋白分子量约为57 KD,L2蛋白分子量约为90 KD.结论:该实验结果为HPV16型预防性基因工程亚单位疫苗的研制和诊断试剂的研究开发奠定了基础.     

HPV16L1VLP纯化、鉴定及血凝抑制实验方法的建立

摘要通过昆虫细胞-杆状病毒表达系统表达HPV16L1 VLP,纯化鉴定后利用其建立血凝抑制实验,检测HPV16L1单克隆抗体的血凝抑制活性。利用重组杆状病毒感染悬浮培养的昆虫细胞表达HPV16L1蛋白,大量获得VLP;优化扩增蛋白的条件并用SDS-PAGE分析鉴定;经氯化铯密度梯度离心法纯化VLP;利用所得VLP建立血凝抑制试验,鉴定制备的HPV16L1单克隆抗体的血凝抑制活性。优化蛋白表达条件结果显示,当重组杆状病毒感染细胞的MOI=10时目的蛋白表达量最大;按此滴度感染悬浮培养的昆虫细胞,收获、纯化VLP并鉴定其特异性;利用所得VLP建立了血凝抑制实验,鉴定HPV16L1单克隆抗体的血凝抑制效价为1∶16。建立的血凝实验,可用于鉴定和检测HPV16L1相关抗体,为HPV诊断试剂的开发提供实验基础。     

人源抗狂犬病毒单克隆抗体载体的构建及烟草转基因研究(四)

为了构建高效表达人源抗狂犬病毒单克隆抗体载体,首先对人源抗狂犬病毒抗体(SO57)重链和轻链编码基因的密码子进行偏好性改造,添加增强外源基因表达的控制元件,然后分别与花椰菜花叶病毒35s启动子和木薯叶脉花叶病毒启动子融合,连接至植物表达载体pBI121上,然后将构建好的载体转入农杆菌LB4404,采用叶盘法转化烟草叶片.用分子生物学技术,对6株转基因烟草进行检测,电泳检测结果均为阳性.用酶联接免疫吸附剂法,检测6株烟草叶片中人源抗狂犬病毒单克隆抗体的表达.结果表明,6株烟草均成功表达人源抗狂犬病毒抗体.     

16型人乳头瘤病毒衣壳蛋白在真核细胞中的表达

为了构建HPV16型晚期蛋白重组杆状病毒,并使其在昆虫细胞中获得高效表达.首先构建2株重组杆状病毒转移质粒,分别携带人乳头瘤病毒晚期基因L1及L1和L2,再用线性化的杆状病毒DNA与该重组杆状病毒转移质粒共转染sf9昆虫细胞进行同源重组,获得2株重组杆状病毒.经鉴定该重组病毒中有目的基因存在且可表达所编码的L1或L2晚期蛋白.结果表明HPV16型晚期蛋白在昆虫细胞中获得成功表达,为HPV16型预防性基因工程亚单位疫苗的研制和诊断试剂的研究开发奠定了基础.     

Expression of human papillomavirus type 16 L1 protein in transgenic tobacco plants

To develop a plant expression system for the production of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) vaccine, we investigated whether the HPV16 L1 protein can be expressed in tobacco plants and whether it can be used as the cheapest form of edible vaccine. The HPV16 L1 coding sequence was amplified by PCR using specific primers from the plasmid pGEM-T-HPV16 containing the template sequence, and subcloned into the intermediate vector pUCmT and binary vector pBI121 consecutively to obtain the plant expression plasmid pBI-L1. The T-DNA regions of the pBI-L1 binary vector contained the constitutive Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and the neomycin phosphotransferase npt Ⅱ gene, which allowed the selection of transformed plants using kanamycin. The tobacco plants were transformed by cocultivating them, using the leaf disc method, with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404, which harbored the plant expression plasmid. The regenerated transgenic tobacco plants were selected using kanamycin, and confirmed by PCR. The results of the Southern blot assay also showed that the HPV16 L1 gene was integrated stably into the genome of the transformed tobacco plants. The Western blot analysis showed that the transformed tobacco leaves could express the HPV 16 L1 protein. Furthermore, it was demonstrated by ELISA assay that the expressed protein accounted for 0.034%-0.076% of the total soluble leaf protein, was able to form 55nm virus-like particles compatible with HPV virus-like particle (VLP), and induced mouse erythrocyte hemagglutination in vitro. The present results indicate that the HPV 16 L1 protein can be expressed in transgenic tobacco plants and the expressed protein possesses the natural features of the HPV16 L1 protein, implying that the HPV16 L1 transgenic plants can be potentially used as an edible vaccine.     

人乳头瘤病毒16型L1基因在毕赤酵母中表达的影响因素分析

目的:优化人乳头瘤病毒16型主要衣壳蛋白L1(human papillomavirus type 16 major capsid protein L1,HPV16L1)在毕赤酵母中的表达,并考察可能的影响因素。方法:四个不同序列特征的HPV16L1基因M16、Y16、P16、W16(其中,M16和Y16按酵母密码子优化,P16为哺乳动物细胞密码子优化,而W16为野生型序列)分别克隆于毕赤酵母表达质粒p PinkTM-HC(高基因拷贝菌落筛选)和p PinkTM-LC(低基因拷贝菌落筛选),并转化不同蛋白酶缺陷的宿主菌。甲醇诱导24小时后,取菌体样品经Western blot分析L1蛋白的表达。结果:M16显示了最高的表达水平,其次是Y16与P16,而W16几乎无表达。基因序列密码子应用特征分析显示,4个基因的密码子适应指数从高到低依次为Y16、M16、W16和P16。通过自由能和GC含量分析4个序列的mRNA二级结构,Y16为-409.40 kcal/mol和43.85%;M16为-451.50 kcal/mol和47.83%;P 16为-606.50kcal/mol and 64.10%;W16为-384.70 kcal/mol and 38.01%。蛋白酶缺陷菌株L1表达高于野生型菌株,质粒p PinkTM-HC与p PinkTM-LC介导的表达无明显区别。结论:密码子优化操作显著改善了HPV16L1在毕赤酵母中的表达,但表达水平与密码子利用优劣并不完全对应,提示密码子优化仅是部分原因,而mRNA结构与稳定性变化值得探讨。蛋白酶缺陷菌株提高了HPV16L1蛋白的稳定性,显著影响了表达水平。研究证明基因剂量对HPV16L1的表达未产生明显影响。     

利用昆虫-杆状病毒表达系统表达人乳头瘤病毒16/18/33/58亚型L1蛋白

目的:通过昆虫-杆状病毒表达系统获得人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)16/18/33/58亚型的主要衣壳蛋白L1。方法:克隆了HPV16/18/33/58亚型的L1蛋白基因,并采用密码子优化策略进行改造(记为HPV16/18/33/58亚型mL1),将优化基因片段插入pFastBac Dual载体获得重组载体,转化大肠杆菌DH10Bac感受态细胞后得到重组Bacmid,转染昆虫Sf9细胞,Western印迹和SDS-PAGE检测重组蛋白的表达。结果:获得了表达HPV16/18/33/58亚型mL1蛋白的重组杆状病毒;Western印迹和SDS-PAGE分析表明该重组杆状病毒感染昆虫Sf9细胞后表达mL1蛋白,且mL1蛋白主要分布在细胞中;优化了蛋白表达时间和感染复数,获得目的蛋白mL1的高效表达。结论:多个亚型HPV L1蛋白的克隆表达,为中国优势血清型疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

两种凝集素基因在转基因烟草中表达的研究

构建了含尾穗苋凝集素基因(ACA)的cDNA序列和改造后的雪花莲凝集素基因(GNA)的植物表达载体pBACG。在此表达载体中,ACA和GNA基因的表达分别由35S启动子和CoYMV启动子控制。通过农杆菌介导,将ACA和GNA基因转化到烟草中,经卡那霉素筛选获得60株转化再生植株。对PCR检测呈阳性的50株植株进行接蚜虫实验,结果表明,其平均抑虫率达83．9％。Southern blotting分析表明,ACA和GNA基因都已整合到烟草基因组中。Western blotting结果显示这两个基因在不同植株中都可表达其相应的蛋白质,但表达水平不同。部分Western blotting分析呈阳性植株的抗蚜性与T0代相近,达85．3％,说明这两个基因的抗蚜功能可以稳定遗传。     

Human papillomavirus L1 protein expressed in tobacco chloroplasts self-assembles into virus-like particles that are highly immunogenic

Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. It is linked to infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). As the virus cannot be propagated in culture, vaccines based on virus-like particles have been developed and recently marketed. However, their high costs constitute an important drawback for widespread use in developing countries, where the incidence of cervical cancer is highest. In a search for alternative production systems, the major structural protein of the HPV-16 capsid, L1, was expressed in tobacco chloroplasts. A very high yield of production was achieved in mature plants (approximately 3 mg L1/g fresh weight; equivalent to 24% of total soluble protein). This is the highest expression level of HPV L1 protein reported in plants. A single mature plant synthesized approximately 240 mg of L1. The chloroplast-derived L1 protein displayed conformation-specific epitopes and assembled into virus-like particles, visible by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, leaf protein extracts from L1 transgenic plants were highly immunogenic in mice after intraperitoneal injection, and neutralizing antibodies were detected. Taken together, these results predict a promising future for the development of a plant-based vaccine against HPV.     

HIV-1衣壳蛋白在转基因枸杞中表达的免疫组织化学定位

目的:研究转基因植物中重组蛋白的细胞定位,有助于进一步了解转基因枸杞中HIV-1衣壳(CA)蛋白融合蛋白的分泌表达途径。方法:利用含有MA4-CA融合基因的农杆菌转化枸杞,转化植株获得再生。采用免疫组织化学方法对转基因枸杞表达的CA融合蛋白进行初步定位。结果:免疫组织化学定位表明,在转基因枸杞愈伤组织中,HIV-1CA主要在细胞浆、细胞壁和细胞间隙中表达。结论:免疫组织化学结果初步证明了CA融合蛋白在转基因枸杞中的表达分布。     

人乳头瘤病毒11型L1主要衣壳蛋白的B细胞表位多肽作为疫苗的研究

分析了人乳头瘤病毒11型(HPV11)L1主要衣壳蛋白的B细胞优势表位,并以此为基础研制表位多肽疫苗。研究中采用Goldkey和．PC／Gene软件系统,分析HPV11的L1主要衣壳蛋白的二级结构、抗原性、B细胞表位,并引人氨基酸抗原性指数,综合评估其B细胞优势表位。Fmoc固相合成表位多肽,高效液相层析方法纯化,毛细管电泳分析其纯度。与0．2ml佐剂完全乳化后,按50μg／只的剂量免疫小鼠,进行动物水平的免疫效果评价。取免疫小鼠血清,与HPV11 DNA阳性的尖锐湿疣患者的疣体上清液结合,鉴定免疫后小鼠所产生抗体的特异性。发现HPV11的L1主要衣壳蛋白的第426～439位和第487～501位具有较高的免疫原性,可明显诱导小鼠血清抗体滴度升高,且该抗体与人尖锐湿疣的疣体组织上清液呈阳性反应。说明所选这两个肽段为HPV11的L1主要衣壳蛋白的B细胞优势表位,但是否具有功能特异性,尚需进一步研究。     

Recombinant Protein Expression Plasmids Optimized for Industrial E. coli Fermentation and Plant Systems Produce Biologically Active Human Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in Transgenic Rice and Tobacco Plants

Human insulin-like growth factor-1 (hIGF-1) is a growth factor with clinical significance in medicine. The therapeutic potential of recombinant hIGF-1 (rthIGF-1) stems from the fact that hIGF-1 resembles insulin in many aspects of physiology. The expression of hIGF-1 in transgenic tobacco and rice plants using different expression cassettes is reported here. In the present study, two coding sequences were tested, one with the original human sequence, but partially optimized for expression in E. coli and the other with a plant-codon-optimized sequence that was expected to give a higher level of expression in plant systems. Three different hIGF-1 recombinant expression constructs were generated. All expression constructs utilized the maize ubiquitin 1 promoter with or without a signal sequence. Analyses conducted using a hIGF-1 specific ELISA kit showed all transgenic plants produced hIGF-1 and the accumulated hIGF-1 increased from the E. coli codon bias to higher levels when the hIGF-1 coding sequence was codon-optimized to match that of the maize zeamatin protein – the most transcribed gene in maize endosperm suspension cells. Further analyses that compared the functionality of the bacterial signal peptide Lam B in plants showed that this leader peptide led to lower expression levels when compared to transgenic plants that did not contain this sequence. This indicated that this expression construct was functional without removal of the bacterial signal sequence. The maize ubiquitin 1 promoter was found to be more active in rice plants than tobacco plants indicating that in this case, there was a class preference that was biased towards a monocot host. Biological analyses conducted using protein extracts from transgenic plants showed that the rthIGF-1 was effective in stimulating the in vitro growth and proliferation of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. This indicated that the plant-produced rthIGF-1 was stable and biologically active. As some plants have been reported to express an endogenous insulin-like protein, we also looked for any effect of the human growth factor in transgenic plants, but no developmental or morphological differences with wild type tobacco or rice plants were detected. Since insulin and hIGF-1 share some overlapping roles, hIGF-1 may become a substitute therapeutic agent in subjects with certain defects in their insulin receptor signaling. Hence, if the full beneficial potential of rthIGF-1 is achieved, it is expected that in the future the demand will likely increase significantly.     

抗草甘膦抗虫植物表达载体的构建及其转基因烟草的分析

构建了含草甘膦抗性突变基因（aroAM12）和人工合成重组Bt抗虫基因（Bts1m）的植物表达载体pCM12_s1m。aroAM12基因的表达由CaMV35S启动子控制,Bts1m基因的表达由2E_CaMV35S启动子和Ω因子控制。通过农杆菌介导,将aroAM12和Bts1m基因转化到烟草中,转基因烟草通过在含草甘膦的MS培养基上筛选而获得。Southern blot分析表明所有经过草甘膦筛选出的转化植株都整合有aroAM12基因,约70%的转化植株同时整合有aroAM12和Bts1m基因。Northern blot、Immunodot blot分析进一步证明整合的两个基因在转录、翻译水平上均进行了表达,不同植株之间表达存在着差异。草甘膦抗性和虫试实验证明,获得的转基因烟草对草甘膦和烟青虫具有很强的抗性。