Method for improving the time resolution of a TOF system

In order to study the possibility of improving the timing performance of the time of flight (TOF) systems, which are made of plastic scintillator counters, and read out by photomultiplier tubes (PMT) with mesh dynodes and conventional electronics, we have conducted a study using faster PMTs and ultra fast waveform digitizers to read out the plastic scintillators. Different waveform analysis methods are used to calculate the time resolution of such a system. Results are compared with the conventional discriminating method based on a threshold and pulse height. Our tests and analysis show that significant timing performance improvements can be achieved by using this new system.     

A method to enhance coincidence time resolution with applications for medical imaging systems (TOF/PET)

A coincidence timing spectrometer was assembled using NaI(Tl) inorganic and BC418 type organic (plastic) scintillation detectors. The constant fraction timing method was used. Coincidence time resolution values of the detectors, which have great importance in TOF/PET measurements, were obtained separately. The resolutions were enhanced using a different method in a start-stop coincidence spectrometer: the signals from the start detectors were delayed. The results from the FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation code agreed well with the experimental results.     

Scintillation fibers and nanoscintillators for improving the spatial,spectrometric, and time resolution of radiation detectors

Experimental examples demonstrate a significant improvement of the most important parameters (sensitivity; spatial, spectrometric, and time resolution; and radiation hardness) of radiation detectors with sensitive elements based on fiber and nanocrystalline scintillators instead of conventional bulk single crystals. This improvement is related to several specific features of the new scintillator types: improved homogeneity of activator distribution, larger soft X-ray component in the secondary emission due to the high frequency of hot electron collisions with the nanoparticle surface, formation of high-quality optical nanocavities, and enhanced annihilation of radiation defects at their rapid motion to the surface.     

Method for improving the resolution and accuracy against birefringence dispersion in distributed polarization cross-talk measurements

We present a novel method for improving the spatial resolution and amplitude accuracy of distributed polarization cross-talk measurements in a polarization maintaining (PM) fiber against its birefringence dispersion. We show that the broadening of measured polarization cross-talk peaks caused by birefringence dispersion can be restored by simply multiplying the measurement data with a compensation function. The birefringence dispersion variable in the function can be obtained by finding the widths of measured cross-talk envelopes at known distances along the fiber. We demonstrate that this method can effectively improve spatial resolution and amplitude accuracy of the space-resolved polarization cross-talk measurements of long PM fibers.     

Method for improving the resolution and accuracy against birefringence dispersion in distributed polarization cross-talk measurements

We present a novel method for improving the spatial resolution and amplitude accuracy of distributed polarization cross-talk measurements in a polarization maintaining (PM) fiber against its birefringence dispersion. We show that the broadening of measured polarization cross-talk peaks caused by birefringence dispersion can be restored by simply multiplying the measurement data with a compensation function. The birefringence dispersion variable in the function can be obtained by finding the widths of measured cross-talk envelopes at known distances along the fiber. We demonstrate that this method can effectively improve spatial resolution and amplitude accuracy of the space-resolved polarization cross-talk measurements of long PM fibers.     

Neutron Photoproduction Measurements Using the TOF Method

As the neutron is uncharged, kinetic energy of the knocked-out neutron after the (,n) reaction is usually determined by measuring its flight time, the so-called time-of-flight (TOF). Here the TOF method is detailed and a number of photoneutron measurements which have different physical motivations, performed at Maxlab using this method, is presented.     

提高成像分辨率的远场多孔声全息方法

针对远场声全息成像分辨率较差的问题,提出多孔声全息方法。利用多个小型传声器阵列进行优化布置,可以有效地提高分辨率,达到等效大阵列的声场可视化效果。首先推导了空间多孔加窗对远场Kirchhoff衍射积分声全息带来的干涉叠加效应;然后对主瓣宽度和旁瓣高度进行了定量计算,阐述了多孔优化布置方法,实现了旁瓣抑制条件下的分辨率最优;最后利用双音箱实验,验证了多孔声全息的可行性和理论分辨率,证明了多孔声全息方法的有效性。研究表明,多孔声全息的干涉叠加方法可以有效提高远场测量的重建分辨率,多孔声全息的优化设计方法可以实现旁瓣抑制条件下的分辨率最优。     

Method for measuring the electron distribution function in the low temperature plasma with a high time resolution

A hybrid method for measuring the electron distribution function in the low temperature plasma is described. The time resolution of the measurement is of the order of several sec.     

Method of sensitivity improving in the non-dispersive infrared gas analysis system

A method of interference correction for improving the sensitivity of non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) gas analysis system is demonstrated. Based on the proposed method, the interference due to water vapor and carbon dioxide in the NDIR NO analyzer is corrected. After interference correction, the absorbance signal at the NO filter channel is only controlled by the absorption of NO, and the sensitivity of the analyzer is improved greatly. In the field experiment for pollution source emission monitoring, the concentration trend of NO monitored by NDIR analyzer is in good agreement with the differential optical absorption spectroscopy NO analyzer. Small variations of NO concentration can also be resolved, and the measuring correlation coefficient of the two analyzers is 94.28%.     

时延估计的高分辨方法

目前,时延估计方法的研究热点集中在自适应解卷积方面,但解卷积方法的分辨率下限是数据的采样间隔,在短数据情况下无法获得足够的分辨率。本文首先指出了常用时延估计方法的局限性,然后提出了两种时延估计的高分辨方法：时延频率估计和特征结构法。这两种方法的最小分辨率都可以突破数据采样间隔。本文详细论述了它们的估计原理及性能特点,并给出了计算机仿真结果。最后,列表比较了多种时延估计方法的性能.     

采用负折射率材料提高空间望远镜分辨率的理论研究

传统的空间望远镜是根据分辨率衍射极限公式,通过增大系统的通光口径来提高分辨率的,但这样系统的体积和重量相应增大,增加了空间运载的难度。负折射率材料(Negative Index Materials,NIMs)的出现,为高分辨率空间望远镜的发展提供了新的思路。NIMs对含有物体精细结构信息但在真空中随距离指数衰减传播的渐失场有增益放大作用,从而使渐失场能够参与成像,实现光学系统传统分辨率衍射极限的突破。本文介绍了NIMs的研究历史,分析了由负折射产生的负群速度、逆Doppler频移、反常Cerenkov辐射、负折射等各种效应,重点讨论了采用NIMs实现望远系统传统分辨率突破的内涵和意义以及今后研究工作的重点。     

一种提高干涉相位识别精度的方法

针对开环相移驱动下的单色光干涉测量,提出一种满足四步法的高精度相位识别的方法。首先选取干涉场中存在适当相位差的两像素点,建立相移驱动单周期内两像素点灰度序列值之间的干涉方程组。运用椭圆拟合获取相应干涉方程组参数,然后通过反算序列相位确定逐点驱动步长或序列相位信息。结合序列相位信息,运用Lagrange抛物插值算法,设计计算满足四步法的4幅干涉图,并计算各像素点的初相位。最后,运用多波长算法计算表面形貌并进行误差分析。实验表明:计算得到的方波多刻线样板的Ra值为0.439 0 m,测量误差为0.23%,此方法降低了对测量条件的硬件与环境要求,满足表面形貌高精度测量的要求。     

提高声全息成像分辨率的有限频谱重建法

本文提出用脉冲波声全息提高成像分辨率(特别是纵向分辨率)的新方法。理论分析及模拟计算表明,利用脉冲信号的有限谱分析及成像系统对有限谱的响应,脉冲波的全息重建比连续波具有较高的分辨率。在此基础上,利用重建波相位识别及解卷技术,能进一步提高其分辨率。     

On the possibility of improving the limiting resolution of a ring laser

A method for improving the limiting resolution of a geophysical ring laser by increasing the radiation power in a limited lasing range has been proposed. This method is based on the use of coupled cavities and a second optical transition that competes with the main transition through a common energy level.     

Determination of the time resolution for neutron scintillation detectors by multi-coincidence measurement

Based on the multi-coincidence measurement, the time resolution of three liquid scintillation detectors (BC501A) were determined strictly by solving the coincidence equations, where the influence from electronics estimated by self coincidence measurement as well as the background had been considered. The result of this work agreed well with the result that was deduced from the traditional method, and it will be helpful to analyze the energy resolution of neutron time of flight spectra measured by using such detectors at CIAE (China Institute of Atomic Energy).