Coexistence behavior of asymmetric attractors in hyperbolic-type memristive Hopfield neural network and its application in image encryption

The neuron model has been widely employed in neural-morphic computing systems and chaotic circuits. This study aims to develop a novel circuit simulation of a three-neuron Hopfield neural network(HNN) with coupled hyperbolic memristors through the modification of a single coupling connection weight. The bistable mode of the hyperbolic memristive HNN(m HNN), characterized by the coexistence of asymmetric chaos and periodic attractors, is effectively demonstrated through the utilization of convent...     

A Hopfield neural network with multiple attractors and its FPGA design

Neural network is important for a wide range of applications. Especially, a small neural network can display various complex behaviors. In this work, the investigations of a Hopfield neural network and its field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation have been reported. The considered Hopfield neural network is simple because it includes only three neurons. It is interesting that we observed chaos and numerous coexisting attractors in such a network. In addition, the network has been implemented via an FPGA platform to verify its feasibility.     

基于忆阻器的spiking神经网络在图像边缘提取中的应用

根据生物视觉系统的功能原理,用忆阻器模拟生物突触,结合忆阻器的记忆特性和spiking神经网络的高效处理能力,构造了一种可用于图像边缘提取的三层spiking神经网络模型,该网络用忆阻器电导的变化量来表征图像边缘信息,仿真结果表明,该方法的边缘提取结果具有连续性、光滑性、低误检漏检性和边缘定位准确性,该神经网络的处理过程符合生物信息处理机制,为视觉系统的仿生实现提供了新的思路。     

Unlearning dynamics in Hopfield neural network

The dynamics of a convergent iterative unlearning algorithm proposed earlier [7, 8] is examined. A self-consistent system of equations of the spectral dynamics of a synaptic matrix is obtained at the thermodynamic limit. The unlearning intensity (which varies during the iteration process) that optimizes the algorithm's rate of convergence on the projector matrix is found. The synaptic-matrix spectrum dynamics for optimal unlearning is determined.Institute of Physicotechnical Problems, Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 37, No. 9, pp. 1104–1115, September, 1994.     

Image watermarking capacity analysis based on Hopfield neural network

In watermarking schemes, watermarking can be viewed as a form of communication problems. Almost all of previous works on image watermarking capacity are based on information theory, using Shannon formula to calculate the capacity of watermarking. In this paper, we present a blind watermarking algorithm using Hopfield neural network, and analyze watermarking capacity based on neural network. In our watermarking algorithm, watermarking capacity is decided by attraction basin of associative memory.     

Efficient Hopfield pattern recognition on a scale-free neural network

Neural networks are supposed to recognise blurred images (or patterns) of N pixels (bits) each. Application of the network to an initial blurred version of one of P pre-assigned patterns should converge to the correct pattern. In the “standard" Hopfield model, the N “neurons” are connected to each other via N² bonds which contain the information on the stored patterns. Thus computer time and memory in general grow with N². The Hebb rule assigns synaptic coupling strengths proportional to the overlap of the stored patterns at the two coupled neurons. Here we simulate the Hopfield model on the Barabási-Albert scale-free network, in which each newly added neuron is connected to only m other neurons, and at the end the number of neurons with q neighbours decays as 1/q ³. Although the quality of retrieval decreases for small m, we find good associative memory for 1 ≪ m ≪ N. Hence, these networks gain a factor N/m ≫ 1 in the computer memory and time. Received 12 January 2003 Published online 11 April 2003 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: stauffer@thp.uni-koeln.de     

Hopfield neural network-based image restoration with adaptive mixed-norm regularization

To overcome the shortcomings of traditional image restoration model and total variation image restoration model, we propose a novel Hopfield neural network-based image restoration algorithm with adaptive mixed-norm regularization. The new error function of image restoration combines the L2-norm and L1- norm regularization types. A method of calculating the adaptive scale control parameter is introduced. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is better than other algorithms with single norm regularization in the improvement of signal-to-noise ratio （ISNR） and vision effect.     

图像边缘检测方法研究综述

图像的边缘是图像最基本也是最重要的特征之一。边缘检测一直是计算机视觉和图像处理领域的经典研究课题之一。图像分析和理解的第一步常常是边缘检测。边缘检测的目的是去发现图像中关于形状和反射或透射比的信息,是图像处理、图像分析、模式识别、计算机视觉以及人类视觉的基本步骤之一。其结果的正确性和可靠性将直接影响到机器视觉系统对客观世界的理解。对一些传统的边缘检测方法和近年来广泛收到关注的边缘检测算法进行了简单介绍。综述中只涉及到检测方面,而没有讨论滤波、边缘定位、算法的复杂程度和边缘检测器性能的评价。     

基于直方图的感兴趣区图像边缘检测

当图像中的某些区域具有比其它部分更高的重要性时,基于感兴趣区域（ROI）的边缘检测功能就尤为重要。但是当前大部分算法均针对图像整体检测,这在一定程度上会影响对ROI区域的检测效果。针对该问题,提出一种基于ROI的边缘检测算法。新算法首先利用修正后的图像直方图特征选取ROI区域的分割阈值,然后根据分割阈值从背景中分离出ROI区域,最后选择最优边缘检测算子,完成基于ROI的边缘检测。实验结果表明：新算法能够更好的支持对ROI区域的边缘抽取。     

Diffusion coefficient distribution from NMR-DOSY experiments using Hopfield neural network

Diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) is a powerful two-dimensional NMR method to study molecular translation in various systems. The diffusion coefficients are usually retrieved, at each frequency, from a fit procedure on the experimental data, considering a unique coefficient for each molecule or mixture. However, the fit can be improved if one regards the decaying curve as a multiexponential function and the diffusion coefficient as a distribution. This work presents a computer code based on the Hopfield neural network to invert the data. One small-molecule binary mixture with close diffusion coefficients is treated with this approach, demonstrating the effectiveness of the method.     

复数多值离散Hopfield神经网络的稳定性研究

本文提出了一个新的复数多电平离散Hopfield神经网络,构造了新的适用于复数多电平离散神经网的激活函数和能量函数,分别讨论了异步与同步更新模式下神经网的稳定性.该能量函数不仅能描述文献能量函数不适用的复数多值Hopfield神经网的动力学特性,而且能保证待盲检测信号位于能量函数的最小值点.为验证CMDHNN的有效性,利用本文特有的性能函数下所构造的联结权阵盲检测MQAM信号.仿真试验表明:本算法仅需较短接收数据就可有效盲检测MQAM星座信号,仿真也证明了CMDHNN能量函数全局最小值的稳定性推论. 关键词： 复数多电平离散Hopfield神经网络 盲检测 MQAM信号     

一种基于边缘能量图的物体检测方法

物体的变形、边缘中断等因素通常对物体检测的结果影响很大。为了减小这些因素的影响,提出一种新的基于边缘能量图的物体检测方法。边缘能量图在一定程度上反映了物体的边缘出现的概率,便于计算并具有较好的鲁棒性。计算出图像的边缘图像,在此基础上分别计算出模型和测试图像的边缘能量图。基于多分辨率的滑动窗口,在图像中找出测试图像边缘能量图与模型边缘能量图最相似的区域。基于边缘能量图快速得到目标物体的轮廓。实验结果显示,该方法使用较快的计算速度得到了相对较高的检测率。     

一种基于边缘能量图的物体检测方法

物体的变形、边缘中断等因素通常对物体检测的结果影响很大。为了减小这些因素的影响,提出一种新的基于边缘能量图的物体检测方法。边缘能量图在一定程度上反映了物体的边缘出现的概率,便于计算并具有较好的鲁棒性。计算出图像的边缘图像,在此基础上分别计算出模型和测试图像的边缘能量图。基于多分辨率的滑动窗口,在图像中找出测试图像边缘能量图与模型边缘能量图最相似的区域。基于边缘能量图快速得到目标物体的轮廓。实验结果显示,该方法使用较快的计算速度得到了相对较高的检测率。     

FPGA implementation and image encryption application of a new PRNG based on a memristive Hopfield neural network with a special activation gradient

A memristive Hopfield neural network(MHNN)with a special activation gradient is proposed by adding a suitable memristor to the Hopfield neural network(HNN)with a special activation gradient.The MHNN is simulated and dynamically analyzed,and implemented on FPGA.Then,a new pseudo-random number generator(PRNG)based on MHNN is proposed.The post-processing unit of the PRNG is composed of nonlinear post-processor and XOR calculator,which effectively ensures the randomness of PRNG.The experiments in this paper comply with the IEEE 754-1985 high precision32-bit floating point standard and are done on the Vivado design tool using a Xilinx XC7 Z020 CLG400-2 FPGA chip and the Verilog-HDL hardware programming language.The random sequence generated by the PRNG proposed in this paper has passed the NIST SP800-22 test suite and security analysis,proving its randomness and high performance.Finally,an image encryption system based on PRNG is proposed and implemented on FPGA,which proves the value of the image encryption system in the field of data encryption connected to the Internet of Things(Io T).     

An effusion-evaporation model for image edge detection

A novel quasi-physical edge detection model is presented. The model, referred to as the effusion-evaporation model (EEM), is inspired by the natural phenomenon that the water effusing from the ground evaporates in the sunshine and leaves a wire like water stain on the ground surface, which reflects the physiognomy of the terrain. Based on the simulation of water effusing and evaporating, an EEM regards the complement of gradient magnitude image as a three-dimensional terrain, and the concave regions, which contain the residual water in the evolution final state, are used to determine the edges. Subjective and objective comparisons are performed on the proposed algorithm and two conventional edge detectors, namely Canny and LoG. The comparison results show that the proposed method outperforms Canny and LoG detectors for the real images and the standard test images with Gaussian noise.     

基于幅值相位型离散Hopfield神经网络的多进制振幅键控盲检测

针对统计量算法盲检测多进制振幅键控(MPSK)信号的缺陷, 提出了一种幅值相位型连续多值复数Hopfield神经网络算法, 构造了适用于MPSK信号的幅相型离散多电平激活函数,并分别在异步和同步更新模式下证明了该神经网的稳定性.当该神经网的权矩阵借助接收数据补投影算子构成时, 该幅相型离散Hopfield神经网络可有效地实现MPSK信号盲检测. 仿真试验表明:该算法所需接收数据较短,可到达全局真解点,并且适用于含公零点信道.     

一种改进的Sobel图像边缘检测算法

边缘检测在数字图像处理和计算机视觉中有着重要的应用。对数字图像处理中具有代表性的Sobel边缘检测算法进行了分析。针对该算法存在检测出的边缘粗且对噪声极其敏感的缺点,提出了一种改进算法。该算法对实际图像中出现的边缘类型进行了数学模型描述,然后把连续型的边缘模型作为研究对象,重新构造了对图像边缘方向进行检测的模板。针对Sobel边缘检测基于一阶导数极大值或二阶导数零交叉而带来的边缘定位准确度不高的缺点,对图像梯度图进行了细化处理。仿真结果表明:该算法对图像噪声干扰有较强的抑制能力,提取的边缘定位准确、结构细腻。     

基于图像边缘信息和Fisher准则的钢板表面缺陷分割研究

针对钢板表面缺陷图像信噪比低、缺陷目标小且形态差别大等特点,提出了一种基于边缘信息和Fisher准则相结合的图像分割方法。该方法首先采用梯度算子检测出缺陷图像的边缘,并对边缘检测所得的梯度图进行灰度拉伸,提高梯度图的对比度;然后利用Fisher准则寻找最佳阈值,分割出缺陷;最后运用数学形态学滤除噪声,实现了缺陷的自动分割和定位。实验证明,该方法不仅能够识别出弱小的缺陷,而且实现了在线实时检测。     

A hybrid neural network for image classification

Principles of the photorefractive perceptron learning algorithm are described. The influences of the finite response time and hologram erasure of the photorefractive gratings on the convergence property of the photorefractive perceptron learning are discussed. A novel neural network which could resolve these constraints is presented. It is a hybrid system which utilizes the photorefractive holographic gratings to implement the inner product between the input image and the interconnection matrix. A personal computer is used for storing the interconnection matrix and the updating procedure, and it also functions as a feedback means during the learning phase. After training the weight vectors are recorded in the volume hologram of an optical processor. This novel method combines the advantages of the massive parallelism of optical systems and the programmability of electronic computers. Experimental results of image classification are presented. It shows that the system could correctly classify the input patterns into one of the two groups after training on four examples in each group during successive iterations. The system has been extended to perform multi-category image classification.