黄原胶与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚反应的研究

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,在N2气保护下,研究了黄原胶(XG)与丙烯酰胺(AM)的接枝共聚反应.考察了单体浓度、引发剂浓度、反应温度和反应时间等因素对接枝率及接枝效率的影响,探讨了过硫酸铵引发黄原胶接枝丙烯酰胺共聚反应的基本规律.采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)对接枝共聚物的结构进行研究,用热重分析(TGA)法表征了产物的热性能,并初步探讨了接枝机理.     

黄原酸酯法接枝1.丙烯酰胺和蔗渣纤维浆泊接枝共聚的研究

采用纤维素黄原酸酯——过氧化氢构成氧化还原体系,把丙烯酰胺接枝到蔗渣纤维浆泊上。探讨了引发剂用量、初始pH值、单体比、反应温度、反应时间诸因素对接枝共聚反应的影响。     

蚕丝的接枝

蚕丝具有优良的性质,但还有一些缺点.例如发黄,本文提供蚕丝的接枝试验,并列出可能使用的方法。     

乙烯基类单体与淀粉的接枝共聚反应(Ⅲ)—玉米淀粉—丙烯酸丁酯接枝共聚物的性能

本文研究了玉米淀粉—丙烯酸丁酯接枝共聚物的溶解性,抗微生物侵蚀性,流变性及表面性能。对这种接枝共聚物的应用前景进行了探讨。     

改性松香-丙烯酰胺共聚物对青蒿素的吸附性能研究

以改性松香(马来松香乙二醇丙烯酸酯,EGMRA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为聚合单体,采用悬浮聚合法合成了改性松香-丙烯酰胺二元共聚物。采用静态法研究了该聚合物对青蒿素吸附过程的热力学和动力学特性,对吸附过程进行控制机理判断。结果表明,该共聚物对青蒿素具有良好的吸附能力,最佳吸附条件为:以体积分数为60%的乙醇为溶剂配制青蒿素溶液,质量浓度为4.0 mg/mL,聚合物为20~40目,吸附温度50℃,振荡频率110 rpm,平衡吸附时间为5 h,饱和吸附量Qe=39.78 mg/g。聚合物等温吸附青蒿素的平衡吸附数据符合Langmiur方程,属单分子层吸附。吸附等温线与Langmiur方程高度相关,相关系数R20.99。拟一级吸附动力学模型可较好的描述吸附过程,膜扩散为此吸附体系控制步骤,通过菲克定律计算出膜扩散系数D=6.55×10-9cm2/s。     

过渡金属乙酰丙酮配合物引发淀粉与丙烯腈的接枝共聚

本文以Mn(acac)_3、Cu(acac)_2,Fe(acac)_3三种过渡金属配合物为引发剂,分别引发淀粉与丙烯腈的接枝共聚反应,并比较了它们的引发效能.结果表明,引发剂浓度、链转移剂、淀粉在引发剂中的预浸泡时间、酸种类等均对接枝共聚反应有影响.用Cu(acac)_2—TCA引发体系为引发剂,其接枝率和接枝效率均高于另两种乙酰丙酮配合物。     

生物絮凝剂γ-聚谷氨酸絮凝性能研究

研究了枯草芽孢杆菌NX-2制备的生物絮凝剂γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)的絮凝活性。γ-PGA对高岭土、活性炭等悬浮液具有较高的絮凝活性,絮凝活性稳定,热稳定性好,用量高于10mg／L时适用pH范围宽,最适投加浓度为20mg/L,加入Ca^2 、Mg^2 、Fe^3 、Al^3 、Fe^2 、Na^ 等金属离子能不同程度增强γ-PGA的絮凝活性,其中Ca^2 助凝效果最高。使用Ca^2 作助凝离子可降低γ-PGA用量,但Ca^2 浓度过高会明显降低γ-PGA的絮凝活性。还研究了γ-PGA对电镀废水的处理效果,实验证明γ-PGA能有效降低电镀废水中Cr^ 3、Ni^ 2等离子的浓度。     

A novel polymeric flocculant based on polyacrylamide grafted carboxymethylstarch

Novel functionalized polymeric flocculants based on polyacrylamide grafted carboxymethylstarch (CMS-g-PAM) have been successfully synthesized via conventional method (using ceric ammonium nitrate as free radical initiator, in an inert atmosphere) as well as by using microwave irradiation (‘microwave initiated’ synthesis). Under optimal grafting conditions, 50% grafting has been observed in case of the microwave irradiation based method and 47% grafting has been observed in case of the conventional process. The synthesized graft copolymers have been characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, intrinsic viscosity measurement, molecular weight determination, ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron micrograph (SEM); taking carboxymethylstarch (CMS) as reference. The effects of reaction parameters onto the percentage of grafting have been studied. Further, the applicability of these grafted polymers as flocculants for the treatment of municipal sewage wastewater has also been investigated.     

Free radical grafting kinetics of acrylamide onto a blend of starch/chitosan/alginate

Grafting of monomer onto polymer backbone is one of the effective and accessible methods for the chemical modification of polysaccharides. Grafting of acrylamide (AAm) onto polysaccharides blend (PsB) composed of starch, chitosan and alginate has been carried out using potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator. The kinetics of the grafting polymerization also has been studied. The grafting parameters have been evaluated by changing the initial concentrations of AAm from 8 to 16 g, PsB from 6 to 14 g and KPS from 0.2 to 1 g. Evidence of grafting has been obtained from FTIR, XRD and TGA. The kinetics of the grafting polymerization also has been studied. The grafting rate equation of the produced hydrogel (PsB-g-AAm) hydrogel has been expressed by: Rg = k[AAm] [PsB]^0.5 [KPS]^0.5. The grafting rate is a first order dependence to [AAm] initial concentration and square root to [PsB] and [KPS] initial concentrations in the used concentrations range.     

Characterisation of carboxymethyl cellulose and polyacrylamide graft copolymer

The synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose-g-polyacrylamide was carried out by a ceric ion induced solution polymerization technique. By varying the amount of catalyst and monomer, six different grades of graft copolymers were synthesized. These graft copolymers were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, rheological studies, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, viscosity measurement and X-ray diffractometry. They exhibit distinguished flocculation characteristics in various suspensions and effluents. Their flocculation and viscosifying characteristics are drastically enhanced on their hydrolysis.     

高吸水性淀粉的性能

本文综述了淀粉接技丙烯腈的皂化,金属离子氧化反应引发接技共聚的机理,皂化后淀粉接技丙烯腈的吸水性能与淀粉分子聚合度的关系,吸水性能与接技共聚物中聚丙烯腈聚合度的关系,高吸水性淀粉中所含水的特性以及淀粉、聚丙烯、及其共聚物的热行为。     

Synthesis, characterization and thermal sensitivity of chitosan-based graft copolymers

Novel chitosan-based graft copolymers (CECTS-g-PDMA) were synthesized through homogeneous graft copolymerization of (N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMA) onto N-carboxyethylchitosan (CECTS) in aqueous solution by using ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator. The effect of polymerization variables, including initiator concentration, monomer concentration, reaction time and temperature, on grafting percentage was studied. XRD, FTIR, DSC and TGA were used to characterize the graft copolymers. Surface-tension measurements, turbidity measurements and temperature-variable (1)H NMR analysis were combined to investigate the thermal sensitivity of CECTS-g-PDMAs in aqueous solution.     

Preparation of poly(methyl methacrylate)–grafted Hyparrhenia hirta for methyl red removal from colored solutions

Poly(methyl methacrylate)–grafted Hyparrhenia hirta (PMMA-g-Hh) biopolymer was prepared through radical polymerization using potassium persulfate (KPS) and applied in adsorption of methyl red from colored solutions. Solvent amount, initiator concentration, monomer concentration, temperature, and reaction time were the reaction parameters investigated for grafting. The biopolymer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The adsorption process was investigated with respect to pH, contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. The optimum adsorption parameters were pH 6, contact time 90 min, adsorbent dosage 0.6 g, and initial concentration 50 mg/L. The Langmuir adsorption model best fitted the adsorption process, with maximum adsorption capacities of 19.95, 6.89, and 4.02 mg/g at adsorbent dosages of 0.2, 0.6, and 1.0 g, respectively. The pseudo-second-order model described the kinetics data better. The adsorption process was physical, spontaneous, and endothermic. The adsorbent was still active after 10 adsorption-desorption cycles, showing its suitability for use in colored solutions treatment.     

Improvement of decay resistance of wood via combination treatment on wood cell wall: Swell-bonding with maleic anhydride and graft copolymerization with glycidyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate

Poplar wood (Populus ussuriensis Kom) was modified by a novel combined two-step treatment to improve its decay resistance. Maleic Anhydride (MAN) was first employed to swell and bond to wood cell wall, and then mixed monomers of glycidyl methacrylate/methyl methacrylate (GMA/MMA) were used to graft copolymerization within wood cell lumen. The swelling and bonding of cell wall by MAN, interfacial compatibility between resultant polymer from GMA/MMA monomers and wood cell wall, and decay resistance of all composites were tested and analyzed by Scanning electron microscopy–Energy dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) apparatus. The results indicate that the volume of poplar wood treated by MAN swells about 9% with about 15% of weight percent gain, and MAN chemically bonds to the cell wall through substitution reaction with hydroxyl group, and the grafting adduct mainly remains as an amorphous form. The resultant Poplar-MAN shows improved decay resistance of 69.79% against brown fungus (Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers. ex Fr.) Murr.) and 81.42% against white fungus (Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall.) over those of untreated Poplar, respectively. After the combined two-step treatment, GMA and MMA are copolymerized within wood cell lumen, and the resultant polymer is also grafted onto wood cell wall, resulting in the improvement of interfacial compatibility between polymer and wood substance without obvious gaps. The decay resistance of the resultant composite from the combined two-step treatment against the brown decay fungus and the white decay fungus is improved by 97.64% and 99.17%, respectively, compared with those of untreated poplar wood; and also more excellent than those of MMA treated wood, GMA/MMA monomers treated wood, organic 3-Iodo-2-Propynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) treated wood and inorganic boron compounds treated wood, respectively.     

一株耐碳酸氢钠产油绿藻的絮凝收集

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猕猴桃嫁接试验

本文报道猕猴桃不同嫁接时期、嫁接方法和不同分类群的砧木试验结果,猕猴桃最适宜的嫁接时期是落叶后至翌年萌芽前,嫁接方法以切接为好,嫁接成活率均在90％以上。同种和同一分类群的砧穗间有良好的亲和力,嫁接均有较高的成活率。不同分类群间嫁接效果较差,如中华猕猴桃桂海4号嫁接于中华猕猴桃砧木上的成活率,生长情况均比嫁接其它分类群为砧的有显著差异。