工业生态学及其应用

出现仅十年的工业生态学已进入到快速发展的时期，它以新的眼光来看待经济的发展。把整个工业系统作为生态系统中的一个特殊形式来看待，本文从工业生态学的基本概念出发，分析了其基本原理，并以“卡伦堡共生体系”为例，介绍了工业生态学在实际中的应用。     

工业生态学与生态工业园的发展与应用研究

面对资源的有限性和生态恢复的长久性，传统工业的可持续发展面临着严峻的挑战，工业生态学的产生与发展成为必然，而生态工业园是工业生态学的重要研究内容。阐述了工业生态学的概念、发展、研究对象．研究内容。论述了生态工业园及国外生态工业园的建设与发展过程。并以“卡伦堡共生体”为例进行了案例分析。提出了国外生态工业园研究与实践中潜在的问题及对我国工业园发展与管理的启示。     

工业生态学及其应用

从出现至今仅十年的工业生态学，已进入到快速发展的时期，工业生态学以新的眼光来看待经济的发展，它把整个工业系统作为生态系统中的一个特殊形式来看待，本文从工业生态学的基本概念出发，分析了其基本原理，最后以“卡伦堡共生体系”为例，介绍了工业生态学在实际中的应用。     

城市生态学研究中的城市植物

本文简要地论述了城市植物的概念，城市植物的研究内容，城市植物在城市生态学研究中的实际运用，以及城市植物作为城市的一个重要因素进行城市生态学研究的重要意义。     

工业生态学的演化与原理

在总结当前工业生态学（IE）主要研究成果的基础上，分析了IE的演化进程，阐述了IE的原理，并展望了研究方向。指出：IE是一门以提高工业过程中原料使用效率、降低废物排放弃为目的，研究工业系统及其与环境之间相互关系的应用生态学；其化过程经历了孕育、萌芽的提出第三个阶段；其主要研究对象是工业生态系统，而工业生态系统的主体是工业生产部门；工业生态系统的功能主要表现在工业生产过程中的物流、能流和信息流三个方面。     

生态工业园——可持续的工业革命

工业的快速发展,加剧了城市生态环境的变化。而工业的规模化生产,使城市生态系统中有限的资源变得越来越稀缺。生态经济的不断发展又要求人们在追求经济效益的同时,兼顾与生态效益与社会效益的和谐统一。城市工业生态系统是城市生态系统的子系统,而城市工业园区则是城市工业生态系统的核心部分,也是城市工业发展的动力和方向。如何运用工业生态学的基本原理以及借鉴国外生态工业园区的成功经验,以完善我国城市工业园区建设,从而促进工业的可持续发展,是摆在我们面前的历史难题。生态工业园是人类探索经济发展新途径的产物,它可使社会经济、环境和人类的需求三者之间达到平衡,是工业生态学的一个重要研究领域。本文从生态工业园的概念出发,分析了国内外生态工业园的发展状况及其类型,并对其今后的发展作了展望。     

生态学在港口建设项目环境影响评价中的应用

港口建设项目环境影响评价是保证“三同时”制度得到贯彻执行的重要手段，但目前环评中的生态环境影响预测仅限于定性的“分析”或“初步分析”，而不能进行定量的“评价”，主观原因是对生态环境评价在整个环评中的作用认识不足，客观原因是生态学中的定律和原理在评价中的应用现状很不理想。因此，要实现生态环境影响评价，必须在未来的环评中更多地引入生态学的概念，并通过科研和实地调查，将这些概念与实际环评工作有机地结合起     

对工业生态系统及其特性的哲学理解

本文从哲学角度对工业生态学的核心内容-工业生态系统的特性进行了研究，分析了工业生态系统和自然生态系统的本质区别，指出了在“创建”工业生态园区时应满足的条件以及决策中应注意的问题。     

IPP政策、生态经济学和工业生态学

IPP政策似乎与生态经济学和工业生态学紧密相关,它是以市场机制、持续改进、综合决策、生命周期理念和相关方参与等概念为基础．这些内容也是这两个领域的核心。而且,强调了材料的闭路循环以及与涉及产品链、污染、废弃物防治、生态设计相关方的合作、共享信息和工业生态学的特别之处。所以在本书写作时,我们认为IPP是与生态经济学、特别是工业生态学联系最紧密的一个政策。     

生态学的过去、现在和未来

现代生态学的发展史尝试性地分为5个阶段:1.生态学的建立时期(1866—1903年)E.Hackel(1866)给生态学建立定义。Schrter(1903)将生态学分为个体生态学和群落生态学。这一期间Warming和Schimper的两本著作影响最大。2.植物生态学和动物生态学平行发展时期(1904—1958年)植物生态学以植物群落学研究为主流,主要有英美学派、法瑞学派、北欧学派和苏联学派。3.生态系统研究时期(1959—1974年)国际生物学计划(1964—1974年)是学术主流,其他生态学研究也有新发展。4.生态科学时期(1975—1983年)生态学已经形成一个生态科学网络,可按5种标准分成数十种生态学。5.新生态学孕育时期(1984至今)生态学的传统概念例如达尔文的竞争理论在受到挑战。新发现和新见解大量出现。     

区域环境承载力与工业布局研究

利用区域环境承载力理论对城市工业布局进行了探讨，提出了工业布局合理度的概念，并将它应用于北海市的城市环境规划之中，对其工业布局现状进行了评价．     

Applying ecosystem concepts to the planning of industrial areas: a case study of Singapore’s Jurong Island

The application of ecological concepts to the industrial setting has been touched upon by literature across several disciplines. Two emerging ecological planning approaches, landscape ecology and industrial ecology, are applied here to look at alternative ways of planning industrial parks. As an emerging field, landscape ecology provides different viewpoints from the traditional approach of natural conservation, which mainly focuses on the protection of nature. The approach of landscape ecology regards the environment as a land mosaic, a mixture of natural and urban environment, which concerns a manageable human-scale environment across one or two human generations. Industrial ecology, on the other hand, goes beyond the traditional “end of pipe” idea of pollution control and learns from the ecosystem concept. The current paper is an attempt to reconcile these two fields as an integrated approach to the planning of industrial areas. Using a case study of Singapore’s Jurong Island industrial park, two fundamental issues behind the idea of landscape ecology and industrial ecology are raised. If raw materials, energy and by-products are more easily replaced or reused by technology and management, then research on industrial ecology and related knowledge will be crucial for developing natural resource substitution by innovative technology and new ways of environmental management. Where it is difficult to substitute natural resources, the skills of planning and managing natural resources will take priority over other strategies. In this situation, the knowledge of landscape ecology needs to be applied to the prediction, design and evaluation of ecologically optimum resource uses, patterns and processes in the mixture of natural, urban and industrial environment. A new concept, “nurtured landscape”, is proposed for mediating between the natural ecosystem and the urban/industrial environment. The nurtured landscape provides a basis for the development of new ecological technology using landscape to ameliorate the polluting effects of the urban/industrial neighbourhood. The planning of Singapore’s Jurong Island industrial park provides a test of applying the principles of landscape ecology and industrial ecology to the possible transformation of an industrial area.     

论循环经济在工业园区规划中的作用

新兴的工业园区在规划建设中应遵循一定的发展规律,而循环经济体现在区域层面即是中循环,这也正是现代工业集成的发展趋势。将循环经济理念融入工业园区的规划建设中已成必然。     

Industrial ecology: a new field or only a metaphor?

In the 10 years since industrial ecology first became a topic of academic interest, it has grown as a field of inquiry and has produced a community of practice in several sectors including academia, business, and government. Even as the shape of industrial ecology becomes clearer, questions remain as to its lasting power beyond the metaphor that gave it its distinctiveness. This paper examines the development of industrial ecology and assesses its progress towards becoming a field of academic inquiry. And, in a related analysis, I look at the progress industrial ecology has made in establishing itself as an institutional (cultural) basis for action in the above sectors. Ideas like industrial ecology must become institutionalized if they are to have much effect on the reality of everyday activities.     

产业生态学与生态产业建设战略研究

介绍了产业生态学的特征和基本原则,提出了生态产业的概念、特点及其建设战略。     

生态学原理在生态工业园发展中的应用

近年来生态学原理越来越广泛的应用于人类社会的各个方面,尤其是随着循环经济模式的提出和清洁生产理念的倡导,生态工业园成为工业园发展的未来方向。本文重点阐述了国内外生态工业园的类型以和发展趋势,以及我国生态工业园目前在建设过程中存在的相关问题。     

Industrial ecosystems as technological niches

In this paper we consider industrial ecology as a novel and distinct state in the evolution of production systems trajectory. More specifically, adopting an evolutionary institutionalist's perspective at the socio-technical system level of analysis, we discuss the transition towards an industrial ecology-inspired industrial production system through the governance approach of strategic niche management (SNM). Towards this end, the paper first develops industrial ecology as a novel state of the industrial production socio-technical system paying particular attention at its technological component, then it discusses in detail the transition of this system through SNM, and examines whether existing implementations of the industrial ecology (industrial ecosystems and eco-industrial parks) are efforts embracing this philosophy and transition procedures. We conclude by stressing the importance of adopting the technology policy and strategic niche management perspectives in eco-industrial projects and we provide insights for accomplishing it in a more effective manner.     

Cleaner production and industrial ecosystems, a Dutch experience

This article opens briefly with the recent discussions about the effectiveness of pollution prevention. As pollution prevention and cleaner production are important elements of industrial ecology, the different definitions and approaches of industrial ecology as a term also need clarity. The major part of this article reflects the first results of the cleaner production and industrial ecology concepts, applied in an industrial ecosystem project (INES) in the Rotterdam harbour area. In this industrial area with many refineries and (petro)chemical facilities, the possibilities for companies to reuse waste streams, by-products and energy from each other was researched. The project was initiated by an industrial association. Sixty-nine members of the industrial association joined the INES project and provided confidential information about their resources, products and waste streams to the research team. Based on this information, 15 projects were designed. The selected three projects for further feasibility studies showed the potency to reduce the use of energy, water and bio sludge significantly.     

关于推进威海市生态工业园区建设的思考与建议

本世纪生态工业将是工业发展的一种新型模式,生态工业园是在循环经济与生态工业学理论指导下形成的实现制造业企业与环境协调发展的经济发展模式.以工业生态学的基本思想为基础,分析了威海市生态工业园的现状,表现为:综合利用企业个数少,工业园区内企业各自经营,没有形成大型聚集链和产业链;提出了威海市生态工业园可持续发展与管理的原则;建议抓紧制定切实可行的生态园区发展规划,抓住有利时机,加速打造生态化工业园区,创新机制,推动生态园区发展.