鲤鱼微卫星标记与体重、体长和体高性状的相关分析

利用47个鲤鱼微卫星标记, 对柏氏鲤和荷包红鲤抗寒品系自交F2代的92个个体基因组DNA进行检测, 得到162个等位基因, 各座位等位基因数2~6个, 片段长度100~444 bp, 有效等位基因数1.3069~4.2288, 杂合度0.2361~0.7677, 位点多态信息含量0.5368。利用统计软件SPSS的GLM程序对47个微卫星标记与鲤鱼体重、体长和体高相关性进行了分析, 结果表明HLJ695、HLJ716、HLJ739、HLJ759、HLJ774、K16与体重、体长和体高相关, HLJ776与体高相关。对同一标记不同基因型间进行多重比较, 找到与3种性状相关的基因型。     

伊朗一沼泽中水生甲虫体长与体重的关系(英文)

本研究所用标本为7种水生甲虫,均采自伊朗Choghakhor沼泽。通过对水生甲虫的体长和体重的测量,研究其体长-体重关系(LWR)。结果表明: LWR参数b的变动范围在2.315~3.117之间。所有被观察的水生甲虫体长与体重关系明显,相关系数(r²)均高。本研究所得到的这种相互关系可被用于确定甲虫体重,并有助于解决其他的一些生态学问题。本研究所提出的体长-体重关系(LWR)限制于所观察到的标本体长范围。     

一种简易恒化器的装置和使用

本文介绍一种简易恒化器的装置和使用方法。其主要特点是依靠重力作用维持培养基的连续供给,省却了动力泵。装置和操作简便可靠。     

微卫星标记与灵昆鸡体重、体尺性状的相关分析

对30只灵昆鸡采用12个微卫星标记进行了遗传多样性检测,并采用最小二乘法拟合线性模型和方差分析法,分析了其与体重、体斜长、胸宽、胸深、龙骨长、骨盆宽、胫长和胫围等性状的相关性。结果表明:灵昆鸡的体重与体斜长、胸宽、胸深、龙骨长、胫长差异极显著(P<0.01);体斜长与胸宽、胸深、龙骨长、胫长差异极显著(P<0.01),与胫围差异显著(P<0.05);胸宽与龙骨长、胫长差异极显著(P<0.01),与胸深、胫围差异显著(P<0.05);胸深与龙骨长、胫长、胫围差异极显著(P<0.01);龙骨长与胫长、胫围差异极显著(P<0.01);胫长与胫围差异极显著(p<0.01);骨盆宽除了与胫围显著相关(P<0.05)外,与其余性状均无显著相关(P>0.05)。方差分析结果表明:在所测定的12个微卫星座位中,只有MCW0165座位的不同基因型对8个性状差异均不显著(P>0.05);其余座位的不同基因型对一个或多个性状差异均显著或极显著。经多重比较发现,每个性状受到多个基因座的影响。     

特殊配方饲料引起实验动物体重增长缓慢的原因探讨

目的探讨特殊配方饲料引起实验动物体重增长缓慢的原因。方法将文献提供的特殊饲料配方加以改进,合理配比各种营养成分,特别是提高了蛋白质的含量。结果经过改进的特殊配方饲料饲喂大鼠后,其体重增长恢复正常。结论在使用特殊配方饲料时,蛋白质含量偏低往往是引起实验动物体重增长缓慢的重要原因。     

硬头鳟幼鱼部分形态性状和体重的关系

随机选取116尾硬头鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)幼鱼,测量其体长、体高、体厚、头长、眼径和眼间距、体重7个性状,计算各性状间的相关系数,采用通径分析方法计算以表型形态性状为自变量对体重作因变量的通径系数、决定系数及复相关指数,对各性状的影响大小进行剖析,明确影响硬头鳟幼鱼体重的主要外部形态性状,为硬头鳟...     

A Comparison of Body Size Evaluations of Obesity Surgery Patients and General Population Adults

RAND, COLLEEN S. W., JAQUELYN LISS RESNIK, AND ALEX M. C. MACGREGOR. A comparison of body size evaluations of obesity surgery patients and general population adults. Obes Res. Objective: To compare post-operative obesity surgery patients and general population adults in their assessments of a wide range of body sizes. Research Methods and Procedures: Obesity surgery patients (n = 274) and general population adults (n = 326) rated ideal and socially acceptable body sizes in separate arrays of babies, children, young adults, and middle-aged and older adults. Nine line figure drawings ranging from very thin to very obese were rated for each array. Results: Both groups selected the same ideal body size for all arrays except for babies. Both groups rejected obese and very thin body sizes as socially acceptable. However, the obesity surgery patients were more restrictive than general population adults in their ratings of socially acceptable body sizes. Current obesity status did not impact ratings for the patient or general population subjects. In the patient sample, time since surgery did not influence body size evaluations. Discussion: The study of body size ratings limited only to the “ideal” size may be misleading because it may mask subtle but meaningful differences between groups. The consistent difference in more restrictive ratings of obesity surgery patients compared to general population adults may be due to patients' greater psychological investment in endorsing the societal ideal body size. It may also be due to patients' status as peripheral group members of the normal weight community. The inability of some patients to maintain their post-operative weight loss may be particularly problematic for those who have defined “socially acceptable” body size most narrowly.     

青少年双生子体型指征相关指标的遗传度研究(英文)

目的:用经典的双生子设计探讨遗传因素对青少年身高、体重、体质指数(BMI)等体型指征的影响程度。方法:从青岛市双生子库中选择自愿参加本研究的362对11-19岁双生子,测量身高、体重。同性别的双生子通过16个多态标记进行卵型鉴定,在此基础上,应用Mx软件构建结构方程模型分析计算遗传度。结果:对362对有效双生子数据进行分析,其中同卵双生子194对,异卵双生子168对,身高的最佳拟合模型ACE模型,体重和BMI的最佳拟合模型为AE模型。调整年龄性别后,身高的遗传度为66%,体重的遗传度为84%,体质指数的遗传度为75%。结论:在青少年体型指征的相关指标中,身高、体重、BMI受遗传因素影响都较大。     

Realistic Weight Perception and Body Size Assessment in a Racially Diverse Community Sample of Dieters

Recently, a shift in obesity treatment away from emphasizing ideal weight loss goals to establishing realistic weight loss goals has been proposed; yet, what constitutes “realistic” weight loss for different populations is not clear. This study examined notions of realistic shape and weight as well as body size assessment in a large community-based sample of African-American, Asian, Hispanic, and white men and women. Participants were 1893 survey respondents who were all dieters and primarily overweight. Groups were compared on various variables of body image assessment using silhouette ratings. No significant race differences were found in silhouette ratings, nor in perceptions of realistic shape or reasonable weight loss. Realistic shape and weight ratings by both women and men were smaller than current shape and weight but larger than ideal shape and weight ratings. Compared with male dieters, female dieters considered greater weight loss to be realistic. Implications of the findings for the treatment of obesity are discussed.     

柳江人身体大小和形状——体重、身体比例及相对脑量的分析

发现于广西柳江的更新世晚期人类化石除1具完整的头骨外,还包含有右侧髋骨、骶骨、两段股骨及若干件椎骨。根据各方面的特征分析,初步认定这些化石属于同一个体。这一有利条件为我们比较准确地获取与该个体身体大小和形状有关的指标数据提供了可能。本文通过对柳江人头骨及复原骨盆的测量,计算了柳江人的身高、体重、身体比例、相对脑量等。在此基础上分析了柳江人的身体大小和形状。本研究发现:柳江人化石所代表的个体具有适应温暖气候环境的纤细型身体比例,代表相对脑量的EQ指数5.602大于金牛山、山顶洞等中国更新世中、晚期化石人类,而与包括港川人在内的更新世末期及现代人类的EQ指数接近。柳江人体重52.0kg小于金牛山、山顶洞、尼安德特人等生活在高纬度地区的化石人类,而与港川、非洲的KNM-ER3883、KNM-ER3733等生活在温暖环境的古人类接近。作者认为这些发现除说明柳江人生活的气候环境外,还提示柳江人身体大小、比例及相对脑量与更新世末期及现代人类接近。     

典型草原区达乌尔鼠兔年龄划分标准

年龄鉴定是研究动物种群生态学的重要基础.作者于2009 ～2010年间在内蒙古典型草原区采用整洞群夹捕的取样方法捕获了198只达乌尔鼠兔(Ochotona dauurica,116只雌鼠,82只雄鼠).在对样本进行常规解剖和数据记录后,根据样本的胴体重频次分布特征并参照繁殖特征,对达乌尔鼠兔进行年龄划分.分析结果表明,达乌尔鼠兔胴体重存在显著的性别差异,据此本文按照性别将达乌尔鼠兔划分如下3个年龄组,雌性:幼年组(胴体重≤55 g)、亚成年组(55 g＜胴体重＜75 g)、成年组(胴体重≥75g);雄鼠:幼年组(胴体重≤55 g)、亚成年组(55 g＜胴体重＜85 g)、成年组(胴体重≥85 g).并根据达乌尔鼠兔体重与胴体重之间的相互关系,建立了利用体重鉴定达乌尔鼠兔年龄的依据.本方法可为野外达乌尔鼠兔的年龄划分和种群结构动态研究提供参考依据.     

血糖水平对缺氧缺血新生大鼠体重和脑重的影响观察

目的　观察不同血糖水平及缺氧缺血 (hypoxicischemia ,HI)前后血糖对缺氧缺血新生大鼠体重和脑重的影响。方法　通过制备缺氧缺血新生大鼠合并高低血糖模型 ,分别在脑HI后 2、2 4、48、72h和 7d共 5个时段 ,分别在断头前测体重和断头后取脑称脑重 ,并辅以免疫组化分析HI后 2 4h时段各组脑内葡萄糖转运蛋白 1(GLUT1)及葡萄糖转运蛋白 3 (GLUT3 )合成量的变化。结果　 2 4h时段HI组、HI前低血糖组、HI后低血糖组体重呈显著意义 ,低于正常组 ;2 4h时段缺氧缺血前后低血糖脑重均呈显著意义 ,低于其他各组 ,7d时段I前重高血糖组脑重高于HI组及HI前低血糖组。HI前重高血糖组HI后 2 4h在皮质部位GLUT1的合成量显著高于其他各组。HI前低血糖组HI后 2 4h在皮质部位GLUT3的合成量显著低于其他各组。结论　HI前低血糖对新生大鼠体重、脑重增长不利 ,HI前重高血糖有可能缓解HI引起的体重、脑重的减轻而显示一定的保护作用     

Body Size Overlap,Habitat Partitioning and Living Space Requirements of Terrestrial Vertebrate Predators: Implications for the Paleoecology of Large Theropod Dinosaurs

Ecological studies of extant tetrapod predators indicate that morphologically similar species which coexist in the same habitats routinely reduce interspecific competition for food by regular spacing of body size. The biggest predator species in the assemblage often differ more from one another in size than the smallest species. When coexisting carnivore species do not differ greatly in size, they commonly show morphological differences related to prey handling that may reduce dietary overlap. If carnivore species are very similar in both size and morphology, competition is avoided by habitat partitioning. Two tyrannosaurid species from the late Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation of western Canada are similar in both size and morphology, suggesting that they were segregated on the basis of habitat and/or biogeographic province. However; consideration of the living-space requirements of predator species of such large body size suggests that this kind of spatial separation would only have been possible had tyrannosaurids been more like ectotherms than endotherms in their metabolic rates. Distribution of different large theropod species across different, and surprisingly small (for the size of the animals) portions of Mesozoic landscapes may also account for the remarkably high diversity of morphologically similar large theropods in other dinosaur faunas.