溶胶-凝胶法制备钛酸锌微波介质陶瓷粉体影响因素的研究

以钛酸四丁酯、六水合硝酸锌、无水乙醇(AE)、冰醋酸等为原料,考察了pH值、前驱体反应温度、预处理煅烧温度等对钛酸锌粉体的形成过程和物相组成的影响,实验结果表明:在pH为2～3,Ti/Zn摩尔比为1∶1,Ti/AE摩尔比为7∶1～6∶1,前驱体反应温度为35℃,所获干凝胶粉末经800℃煅烧处理可获得纯偏钛酸锌粉体.     

固体超强酸S2O8^2-/TiO2的溶胶-凝胶法制备研究

以钛酸四丁酯、过硫酸铵、无水乙醇、冰醋酸等为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出固体超强酸S2O8^2-/TiO2前驱体,将前驱体于70℃干燥24h,置于箱式电阻炉中于500℃温度下煅烧2h,取出冷却后,即得固体酸S2O8^2-/TiO2。系统研究了制备过程中水解用水量、溶剂种类、温度、pH值等条件对固体酸前驱体质量的影响,确定了最佳的制备参数,即控制pH=4～5、70℃水浴保温、水解v（水量）：乙（钛酸四丁酯）=1．5：1、选用无水乙醇为溶剂。     

固体超强酸S2O2-8/TiO2的溶胶-凝胶法制备研究

以钛酸四丁酯、过硫酸铵、无水乙醇、冰醋酸等为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出固体超强酸S2O2-8/TiO2前驱体,将前驱体于70℃干燥24 h,置于箱式电阻炉中于500℃温度下煅烧2 h,取出冷却后,即得固体酸S2O2-8/TiO2.系统研究了制备过程中水解用水量、溶剂种类、温度、pH值等条件对固体酸前驱体质量的影响,确定了最佳的制备参数,即控制pH=4～5、70℃水浴保温、水解v(水量):乙(钛酸四丁酯)=1.5:1、选用无水乙醇为溶剂.     

化学共沉淀法制备Mg0.3Al1.4Ti1.3O5复合粉体的反应过程

以TiCl4,MgCl2,AlCl3水溶液为原料,以氨水和碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂,利用化学共沉淀法,制备出了Mg0．3Al1．4Ti1．3O5复合粉体。对前驱体煅烧过程的热力学、动力学进行了研究,确定了合成Mg0．3Al1．4Ti1．3O5复合粉体的反应过程。结果表明：随着热处理温度的升高,前驱体中首先出现MgO和锐钛矿型TiO2反应得到的二钛酸镁(MgTi2O5),锐钛矿型TiO2,在650℃左右转化为金红石型TiO2。900℃左右MgTi2O5与α-Al2O3反应生成镁铝尖晶石MgAl2O4。温度超过1100℃,MgAl2O4进一步与α-Al2O3,金红石型TiO2反应,合成Mg0．3Al1．4Ti1．3O5复合粉体。     

MOD法制备钛酸铋超细粉体

通过MOD法,以硝酸铋、钛酸四丁脂为原料,制备了钛酸铋(Bi4Ti3O12)超细粉体.通过对比2种不同的钛酸铋前驱体合成方法,表明采用燃烧法得到的前驱体可以明显降低Bi4Ti3O12的合成温度,在550℃已能得到粒度约为100nm无团聚高纯超细钛酸铋粉体.     

前驱体对溶胶—凝胶法制备TiO_2薄膜微结构与形貌的影响

文章采用溶胶—凝胶法分别以四氯化钛和钛酸四丁酯作为前驱体,在热处理温度为400~500℃条件下,制得晶相结构为锐钛矿Ti O2薄膜,但以四氯化钛为前驱体的Ti O2薄膜易开裂;以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体的Ti O2薄膜更加致密均匀,薄膜品质更优;所制得的Ti O2薄膜表现出半导体性质,方块电阻在几十兆欧每平方范围内;Ti O2薄膜随着热处理温度升高,导电性增强。     

沉淀混合法合成Ba2Ti9O20粉体

对沉淀混合法合成单相Ba2Ti9O20粉体做了初步的探索，并在较短时间内煅烧得到单相Ba2Ti9O20。采用BaCO3和钛酸丁酯为原料，在pH≈9的条件下获得草酸钡和氢氧化钛沉淀，然后将二者混合，洗涤、过滤、烘干后，经不同温度煅烧，得到最后的粉体。在前驱体的制备过程中，不需要高、低温或保护性气体等特殊要求。研究结果显示：经1200℃下煅烧2h，可得到单相的Ba2Ti9O20粉体。进一步的研究表明：以球磨混合的方式在前驱体中添加适量的Ba2Ti9O20晶种能有效降低Ba2Ti9O20相的形成温度，在1150℃下煅烧2～4h可得到单相的Ba2Ti9O20粉体。     

机械激活法合成钛酸铝粉体的XRD分析

本文采用行星式高能球磨机对刚玉和锐钛矿型二氧化钛混合粉体进行机械激活处理,并在1300℃、保温时间1小时的煅烧条件下合成了高纯度的钛酸铝陶瓷粉体。通过X射线衍射分析,研究了机械激活处理过程中反应前驱体的粒径变化、相成分变化的规律。研究结果表明,采用高能球磨机械激活处理,可提高粉体反应活性,降低固相反应法制备钛酸铝陶瓷的合成温度。     

TiO2-硅藻土复合光催化剂降解二甲基甲酰胺研究

以硅藻土为固体活性添加物,采用溶胶-凝胶法水解钛酸四丁酯制备硅藻土负载TiO2复合光催化剂。以二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶液的光催化降解为模型反应,研究制备条件中煅烧温度、溶胶pH值、H2O与Ti(OR)4的量比、涂覆次数等条件对光催化活性的影响。结果表明,合成复合催化剂的最佳煅烧温度为500℃、溶胶pH值为1.3、H2O与Ti(OR)4的量比为15.75、涂覆次数为3次;在300W紫外光照射、反应2h、催化剂投量为1g/L、DMF的质量浓度为200mg/L时,最大降解率为84.27%,表现出较强的光降解性。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备粒径可控的纳米钛酸铅

纳米钛酸铅是一种应用广泛的压电材料。采用溶胶-凝胶法研究了纳米钛酸铅的制备,考察了凝胶的煅烧温度、反应物的浓度及溶胶的反应温度对纳米颗粒粒径的影响和变化规律。研究表明,控制钛酸丁酯-醇溶液浓度为0.100～1.000 mol/L、醋酸铅-醋酸浓度为0.500～1.500 mol/L、溶胶反应温度为70～90℃、凝胶煅烧温度为400～800℃,可制备出平均粒径在20～50 nm范围的近似球形的四方相纳米钛酸铅。制备条件对纳米钛酸铅的粒径有显著影响:随溶胶反应温度和凝胶煅烧温度的升高,所制备纳米钛酸铅平均粒径增大;当醋酸铅-醋酸溶液浓度为1.500 mol/L,随钛酸丁酯-醇溶液浓度由0.100 mol/L增大至1.000 mol/L,所制备纳米钛酸铅粒径先增大后减小。制备粒径可控的纳米钛酸铅对其性能及应用具有重要的价值。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。