离子色谱法测定多糖水解液中的半乳糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸

用离子色谱法建立一种简单、快速、准确、灵敏的半乳糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸的测定方法。多糖水解液经过简单的中和、稀释、过滤后直接进样分析，半乳糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸具有较高的分离度（R=4.2）；两者在20～200mg／L质量浓度范围内都具有良好的线性，其相关系数均为r=0.9990；重复性和回收率都满足了仪器分析要求；两种化合物的检测限分别为100ng和50ng．     

离子交换色谱同时测定尿液草酸及柠檬酸的研究

目的:探讨离子交换色谱测定尿液中草酸、柠檬酸含量的可行性。方法:收集不不同人尿液10份混合,取5ml用0.2μm滤膜过滤,超速离心后取少许按1∶20加入淋洗液稀释,进样,测出尿柠檬酸浓度。结果:在浓度范围分别为草酸0.5～50mg/L、柠檬酸1.0～100mg/L内,2种物质浓度与峰面积的相关系数均在0.999以上,检测限均为0.03mg/L。重复测定其cv分别为3.87%和2.9%,连续测定其cv分别为4.02%和3.5%。尿样回收率在95.8%～103.5%。结论:离子交换色谱测定尿液中草酸、柠檬酸含量分析方法的精密度和准确度符合分析要求,可用于实验室和临床尿草酸和柠檬酸的分析。     

离子色谱法测定血草酸浓度的研究

目的：建立一种离子色谱法测量血浆草酸浓度,评价其在实验和临床研究中的价值。方法：抽血3ml,离心取血浆1.5ml置于Centristart I超滤离心管外管,置2mol／L。盐酸20μl于内管,离心60min,取滤出液直接用DionexICS-90离子色谱仪检测。结果：用离子色谱法测得健康人血浆草酸浓度为1.45～3.57μmol／L。（均数2.45／μmol／L,n=8）,检测灵敏度达0.25μlmol／L,批内变异系数为5.4％,回收率94.2％～94.3％。结论：此方法重复性好,回收率高,是草酸病理生理学研究的可信方法。     

反相离子对色谱法同时测定饲料中多种水溶性维生素

本文首次提出一种简便、快速地同时测定配合饲料中多种水溶性维生素的反相离子对HPLC方法。此方法用合适的波长和灵敏度程序检测,以抑制和排除杂质峰的干扰;在样品预处理上,采取特殊措施以防止维生素的分解,减少杂质含量。     

增生性瘢痕无创性评估策略及方法

增生性瘢痕是皮肤遭遇创伤后,因细胞外基质异常沉积、过度纤维化造成的皮肤病理现象。对于瘢痕诊断、临床疗效判定及比较研究,临床上使用的客观且可靠的瘢痕评判方法具有关键作用。我们就增生性瘢痕的评估、测量方式及工具的研究进展进行综述。     

离子色谱法测定尿液中草酸和枸橼酸的相关研究

目的：探讨运用离子色谱法准确快速测定尿液中草酸及枸橼酸含量的方法。方法：采用Metrohm--883型离子色谱仪检测人体新鲜尿液标本中草酸和枸橼酸含量：以8．0mmol／L碳酸钠和10．0mmol／L氢氧化钠为淋洗液,采用MetrosepAsuPP5／150型阴离子色谱柱电导检测。样品经过高速离心,用C18预处理柱和0．25μm微孔滤膜过滤稀释后直接进样。结果：本法尿液中草酸离子标准曲线的相关系数为0．999898,枸橼酸离子标准曲线的相关系数为0．999927,检出限为0．97μg／L;样品草酸加标回收率为98．9％～101．6％,枸橼酸加标回收率为98．8％～101．8％,精密度高（RSD％〈2．0）。结论：与传统化学分析方法相比,离子色谱法测定尿液中草酸和枸橼酸含量具有准确、简单、灵敏、快速等优点,适用于临床对患者进行尿液成石危险因素分析。     

全唾液法分析糖尿病及牙周炎伴牙列缺损患者行种植义齿修复的临床效果

目的:探究糖尿病及牙周炎伴牙列缺损患者种植治疗的预后疗效,以此作为该类患者种植治疗术前评估,为提高种植成功率提供参考依据.方法:分别于种植前和种植后4周、12周与24周收集2型糖尿病患者组、牙周炎患者组以及对照组患者唾液,记录探诊深度、测量种植体稳定性,实验ELISA法检测唾液中的IL-1β与TNF-α,荧光定量PCR...     

肠外营养患者血清必需脂肪酸的气相色谱／质谱方法测定

目的：建立肠外营养患者血清中必需脂肪酸（Cs：0、C10：0、C18：2、C18：3、C20：4）的气相色谱／质谱测定方法。方法：肠外营养患者的血清经正己烷提取和三氟化硼乙醚衍生,用BD-17MS（30m×0．25mm×0．25μm）柱分离,以十七烷酸为内标,对脂肪酸进行定量测定。结果：BD-17MS（30m×0．25mm×0．25μm）毛细管柱能使6种待测脂肪酸得到很好的分离。方法在0．00625～0．10mg／ml范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r）〉0．999;最低检测限为10ng／ml。脂肪乳输注2h后,各脂肪酸浓度均升高,6h时Cs：0、C10：0有所下降,24h下降到输注前或以下;C18：2、C18：3、C20：44～6h达高峰,24h下降到输注前或以下。结论：气相色谱／质谱方法用于测定血清必需脂肪酸,方法简便可靠、灵敏度高、分离度好,衍生化反应速度适中。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定香桂化浊胶囊中桂皮醛的含量

目的建立气相色谱 质谱法测定香桂化浊胶囊中桂皮醛含量。方法采用HP 5弹性石英毛细管色谱柱（30 m×0.25 mm,0.25 μm）,载气：氦气,流速：1.0 mL·min－1,分流比：50：1,程序升温,进样量1.0 μL。结果香桂化浊胶囊中桂皮醛和其他成分的分离度良好,在0.02～4.00 mg·mL－1范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 4。桂皮醛的平均加样回收率为96.2%,RSD＜2.11%。结论该方法操作简便,定量准确,适用于香桂化浊胶囊中桂皮醛的含量测定。     

来氟米特对糖尿病大鼠葡萄糖转运蛋白-1 mRNA表达及细胞外基质的影响

目的：探讨来氟米特对链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病大鼠肾脏葡萄糖转运蛋白-1（GLUT）mRNA表达及细胞外基质的影响及其意义。方法：采用STZ腹腔注射法建立糖尿病动物模型。将大鼠随机分为正常对照组（A组）,糖尿病组（B组）,来氟米特干预组（C组）。第4、8、12周末各组随机选取4只大鼠处死并收集标本,记录体重、右肾重、检测血糖、血肌酐、血尿素氮、血胆固醇、血三酰甘油、24h尿蛋白排泄量。用RT-PCR方法检测肾皮质GLUT-1 mRNA表达水平。肾组织行HE、PAS染色,并用免疫组化法检测肾组织层黏连蛋白及Ⅳ型胶原蛋白的表达情况。结果：（1）与A组相比,B组大鼠造模成功后0周,血糖明显增高（P〈0.01）,但24h尿蛋白排泄量无明显增高（P〉0.05）;4周时体重明显降低（P〈0.01）,肾重指数、尿素氮、肌酐、胆固醇、三酰甘油、24h尿蛋白排泄量、肾皮质GLUT-1 mRNA表达明显增加（P均〈0.01）;C组12周时肾皮质GLUT-1 mRNA表达量,肾重指数、肌酐已无明显增加（P〉0.05）。（2）与B组相比,C组8周时尿素氮、肌酐降低（P均〈0.05）,胆固醇、24h尿蛋白排泄量和肾皮质GLUT-1 mRNA表达量均明显下降（P均〈0.01）;12周时体重增加（P〈0.05）,肾重指数、三酰甘油明显下降（P〈0.01）。肾组织HE、PAS染色病理学观察：B组光镜下肾小球肥大,系膜细胞增生,系膜基质弥漫性的或结节性的增多,肾小球、肾小管基底膜增厚,而C组这些病理改变明显减轻。免疫组织化学染色：B组可见系膜区Ⅳ型胶原蛋白和层黏连蛋白的大量沉积,C组也可见Ⅳ型胶原蛋白和层黏连蛋白的沉积,但较B组明显减轻。结论：来氟米特能减少糖尿病大鼠尿蛋白排泄量,纠正糖尿病大鼠的脂代谢紊乱,抑制肾脏肥大、减轻肾脏的纤维化硬化程度。其机制可能与下调系膜细胞上GLUT-1 mRNA的表达量及功能活性有关,最终延?     

A simple ion — chromotographic method for determination of urinary oxalate

Summary A simple and rapid technique for the determination of oxalate in urine by ion chromatography has been described. Although there is difficulty in separating the oxalate peak from the sulfate peak on the conductivity chromatogram of unprocessed urine, it is possible to eliminate the sulfate peak by the addition of barium chloride to the urine. Using this technique, the author has estimated the urinary oxalate in 33 urolithiasis patients and in 40 non-urolithiasis patients. The means of 50 urinary oxalate determinations in 33 urolithiasis patients and of 42 urinary oxalate determinations in 40 non-urolithiasis patients were 21.5±11.4 and 19.5±13.0 mg/gCr, respectively. Of the 33 urolithiasis patients, 17 were calcium stone formers and 6 were non-calcium stone formers whose stones had been analyzed by infrared spectrometry, and the mean urinary oxalate values were 19.4±6.9 and 21.3±8.2 mg/gCr, respectively. The urinary oxalate was significantly higher in children under the age of 10 years.     

Development of a porcine model of type 1 diabetes by total pancreatectomy and establishment of a glucose tolerance evaluation method

PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate the efficacy of diabetes-targeted cell therapies in humans, a reliable model in larger animals is highly desirable. This article reports the surgical technique of total pancreatectomy in pigs and the biochemical analysis of the characteristics of totally pancreatectomized pigs. METHODS: Surgical total pancreatectomy was conducted in 23 pigs. Blood glucose, insulin, biochemistries, activity index, and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were examined to assess the pathophysiological profiles of diabetic pigs. RESULTS: A total of 14 pigs successfully underwent total pancreatectomy without requiring biliary reconstruction and were analyzed in the present study. Activity index was decreased from day 5 on and the mean survival of totally pancreatectomized pigs was 7.6 +/- 2.7 days. No endogenous insulin secretion was confirmed in these pigs. Pigs which received total pancreatectomy demonstrated significantly higher levels of ketone bodies. IVGTT performed within 4 days after total pancreatectomy showed a spontaneous decrease in blood glucose levels despite an absence of endogenous insulin secretion. IVGTT on day 5 or later showed continued hyperglycemia in pigs with total pancreatectomy. Histological examination showed atrophy of hepatocytes and decreased glycogen storage in the liver and decreased mucus production of the small intestine. CONCLUSION: This article describes a porcine model of diabetes created by total pancreatectomy and it analyzes the pathophysiological profiles in the animals. The present study has suggested that IVGTT on day 5 or later after total pancreatectomy is a reliable method to evaluate the efficacy of cell therapies.     

A micromethod for the determination of fluoride in blood plasma and saliva

Summary A simple and accurate technique for the determination of fluoride (F^–) in capillary-sampled blood is presented. The method is based on the known addition-slope determination technique using the fluoride electrode is required. A standard deviation of 1.3–5.6% in the range 300–10 ng F/ml was given by 259 duplicate determinations on human plasma. Measurements of parotid saliva showed that it was possible to analyze fluoride concentrations as low as 4 ng F/ml with good reproducibility. The results also show that a 150 l sample is sufficient for fluoride determination with high accuracy. This method can easily be used in a clinical laboratory.     

Conundrum of vitamin D on glucose and fuel homeostasis

As an endocrine hormone, vitamin D plays an important role in bone health and calcium homeostasis. Over the past two decades, the non-calcemic effects of vitamin D were extensively examined. Although the effect of vitamin D on beta cell function were known for some time, the effect of vitamin D on glucose and fuel homeostasis has attracted new interest among researchers. Yet, to date,studies remain inconclusive and controversial, in part, due to a lack of understanding of the threshold effects of vitamin D. In this review, a critical examination of interventional trials of vitamin D in prevention of diabetes is provided. Like use of vitamin D for bone loss, the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in diabetes prevention were observed in vitamin D-deficient subjects with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 50 nmol/L(20 ng/mL). The beneficial effect from vitamin D supplementation was not apparent in subjects with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 75 nmol/L(30 ng/mL). Furthermore, no benefit was noted in subjects that achieved serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 100 nmol/L(40 ng/mL).Further studies are required to confirm these observations.     

宫颈粘液葡萄糖果糖水平与不明原因不孕关系的探讨

对２３例不明原因不孕患者的２３个月经周期及对照组１５名健康妇女２０个月经周期的宫颈粘液葡萄糖果糖水平进行测定，并以放射免疫法测定血清黄体生成素（ＬＨ）、卵泡刺激素（ＦＳＨ）、雌二醇和孕酮；阴道Ｂ超监测卵泡发育；宫颈粘液改良Ｉｎｓｌｅｒ评分、尿ＬＨ酶联免疫测定和基础体温测定综合评价预测和确定排卵日，于围排卵期进行性交后试验（ＰＣＴ）。结果：４３个月经周期均为有排卵周期。不孕组包括ＰＣＴ正常组７周期及ＰＣＴ异常组１６周期的宫颈粘液改良Ｉｎｓｌｅｒ评分与对照组无显著差异（Ｐ均＞０．０５）；不孕组中ＰＣＴ异常组卵泡期、排卵前、后及黄体期宫颈粘液葡萄糖果糖水平均明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＰＣＴ正常组与对照组无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。认为：宫颈粘液葡萄糖果糖水平低落可影响精子的穿透和存活，是不明原因性不孕的重要因素之一，     

Prevalence of hypoglycemia during oral glucose tolerance testing in adults with cystic fibrosis and risk of developing cystic fibrosis-related diabetes

Background

Hypoglycemia in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has been reported; however, these patients have not been well-characterized. Few studies have examined whether hypoglycemia during the OGTT increases the risk of developing CF-related diabetes (CFRD). Objectives of this study were to describe the characteristics of CF patients with hypoglycemia during the OGTT and to determine the incidence and time to development of CFRD in those with hypoglycemia.

颅脑手术病人吸入异氟醚或全凭丙泊酚麻醉对脑内血糖及乳酸浓度的影响

目的 观察颅脑手术病人吸入异氟醚麻醉或全凭丙泊酚麻醉颅内血血糖及乳酸浓度的变化。方法 30例颅内肿瘤切除术病人随机分为丙泊酚组与异氟醚组，每组15例。两组诱导用药相同；麻醉维持分别为丙泊酚或异氟醚。于诱导前、插管后、麻醉维持30分钟及60分钟采颈内静脉血，测定血糖和乳酸浓度。结果 丙泊酚组各时点血糖、乳酸浓度均无显著变化；异氟醚组血糖浓度在麻醉后30及60分钟明显升高（P＜0.05及P＜0.01），乳酸浓度在麻醉后60分钟显著升高（P＜0.05）。结论 丙泊酚有一定脑保护作用，是适合颅脑手术的麻醉药。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定尿液中甘露醇和乳果糖浓度

目的:建立甘露醇和乳果糖的高效液相色谱检测方法.方法:采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器分析法(HPLC-ELSD),以对照品为外标,检测6例正常人和6例腹水患者尿液标本中甘露醇和乳果糖浓度.结果:该方法甘露醇和乳果糖能得到良好分离.甘露醇和乳果糖的线性范围分别为20～960 mg/L(r=0.997 3)和25～800 mg/L(r=0.996 2);甘露醇和乳果糖日内精密度(RSD)分别为1.5%和1.3%(n=6);甘露醇的加样回收率在93.0%～98.8%之间,乳果糖的加样回收率在93.3%～98.9%之间.本方法测定甘露醇的最大检出限为200 ng,乳果糖为250 ng.腹水患者的肠道通透性(乳果糖排泄率/甘露醇排泄率:0.400±0.340)较正常人(乳果糖排泄率/甘露醇排泄率:0.025±0.005)显著增高.结论:HPLC-ELSD检测肠道通透性的准确度高、重复性好,样品前处理简单,是临床评价小肠黏膜屏障功能的实用方法.     

袖状胃切除术与食管十二指肠吻合伴全胃切除术对肥胖合并2型糖尿病大鼠模型糖代谢影响的对比研究

目的:对比袖状胃切除术(SG)与食管十二指肠吻合伴全胃切除术(EDCG)对肥胖合并2型糖尿病大鼠模型糖代谢的影响.方法:将造模成功的肥胖合并2型糖尿病大鼠随机分为三组,分别行假手术(Sham组)、SG与EDCG,术后每两周监测体重、进食量、空腹血糖、胰岛素抵抗水平.术前及术后第8周对各组大鼠行糖耐量试验.结果:成功建模...