茌平县1990-2003年急性迟缓性麻痹病例监测系统评价

急性迟缓性麻痹 (AFP)病例的监测是消灭脊髓灰质炎 (简称脊灰 )工作的重要组成部分 ,它能及时发现可疑病例 ,为消灭脊灰工作提供科学依据。在保持无脊灰状态的后期监测阶段 ,进一步加强 AFP病例监测 ,提高其敏感性 ,愈显重要。现将我县 1990— 2 0 0 3年AFP病例监测系统运行情况评价如下。1　材料与方法1.1　资料来源　 AFP病例资料来源于县防疫站AFP病例监测系统 ,病毒分离结果来自山东省疾病预防控制中心脊灰监测中心和中国疾病预防医学科学院国家脊灰实验室的报告。1.2　方法　按照卫生部规定的 AFP监测工作指标和标准要求评价资…     

茌平县1990～2003年急性迟缓性麻痹病例监测系统评价

急性迟缓性麻痹(AFP)病例的监测是消灭脊髓灰质炎(简称脊灰)工作的重要组成部分，它能及时发现可疑病例，为消灭脊灰工作提供科学依据。在保持无脊灰状态的后期监测阶段，进一步加强AFP病例监测，提高其敏感性，愈显重要，现将我县1990—2003年AFP病例监测系统运行情况评价如下。     

临邑县1991～2002年急性弛缓性麻痹病例监测分析

急性弛缓性麻痹 (AFP)病例监测是消灭脊髓灰质炎 (脊灰 )工作的重要内容。临邑县自 1991年开始建立专门的AFP病例监测系统以来 ,15岁以下儿童非脊灰AFP病例报告发病率已连续 9年达到 1/10万 ,各项监测指标均达到卫生部规定的要求 ,未发现由脊灰野毒株引起的确诊脊灰病例。现对 1991～ 2 0 0 2年AFP病例监测情况进行分析。1　资料与方法AFP病例的临床学、流行病学资料和常规报告资料来自临邑县AFP监测报告系统。病毒分离、分型由山东省卫生防疫站脊灰监测中心完成 ,中国预防医学科学院国家脊灰实验室进行毒株鉴定。2　结果2 .1　各年…     

深圳市罗湖区十年急性弛缓性麻痹病例监测结果分析

急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例监测是消灭脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)工作的重要内容,罗湖区自1991年开始逐步建立专门的AFP病例监测系统以来,已连续15年开展对15岁以下儿童AFP病例监测.从运行情况来看,监测的点、面不断扩大,AFP监测质量逐年提高,随着监测系统的不断完善,监测系统的敏感性和及时性达到上级规定的工作指标,已连续多年未发现脊灰野病毒病例.AFP监测已成为我区计划免疫常规工作和重要工作,为无脊灰证实和保持无脊灰状态工作提供了有力的科学依据.现将罗湖区1994-2003年AFP病例流行病学与监测系统运转状况综合分析如下.     

闽东地区急性弛缓性麻痹病例监测系统建立的应用研究

[目的]评价闽东地区AFP监测系统的工作质量和应用性。[方法]利用EpiInfo软件对全区AFP监测系统上报数据进行分析。[结果]监测系统的敏感性，及时性和完整性逐年提高。15岁以下儿童非脊灰AFP病例报告发病率、合格粪便采集率等各项监测指标连续多年达到WHO和卫生部消灭脊灰的证实要求。[结论]AFP监测系统的建立和应用，在查明闽东地区脊灰发病状况、制定免疫策略，指导消灭脊灰工作中发挥了重要作用，并为无脊灰的证实提供可靠的科学依据。     

辽宁省急性弛缓性麻痹病例肠道病毒监测分析

除脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)病毒外,非脊灰肠道病毒感染是导致儿童发生急性弛缓性麻痹的重要生物性病因。急性弛缓性麻痹(acute flaccid paralysis,AFP)病例脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)及非脊灰肠道病毒(non-polio enterovirus,NPEV)监测工作是全球消灭脊灰的一项重要内容。保持高质量、高水平的AFP病例病毒学监测是迅速发现输入性脊灰野病毒和疫苗衍     

菏泽市2001～2002年急性弛缓性麻痹病例监测分析

急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例监测是消灭脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)工作的重要内容,我市自1991年开始逐步建立专门的急性弛缓性麻痹病例监测系统以来,AFP监测质量不断提高,已连续12 a 15岁以下儿童非脊灰AFP病例报告发病率达到1/10万的指标;连续7 a各项监测指标基本达到国际无脊灰证实的要求,特别是自1991年来至今未发现脊灰野病毒引起的脊灰确诊病例,为无脊灰证实和保持无脊灰状态工作提供了有力的科学依据.为保持无脊灰状态工作提供科学指导,现将菏泽市2001～2002年AFP病例的流行病学情况分析如下.     

太康县1996～2000年AFP病例监测情况的分析

<正>快速、敏感、完整系统的AFP监测工作是消灭脊髓灰质炎(以下简称“脊灰”)的重要策略之一,它为实现2000年消灭脊灰提供了可靠的科学依据。因此,为总结经验教训,进一步提高监测报告的质量,确保太康县消灭脊灰证实后保持无脊灰工作的持续性开展,正确的指导今后的AFP监测工作,现对太康县1996～2000年AFP病例监测情况作如下分析:     

周口市1999～2002年AFP监测不合格病例分析及监测系统评价

AFP监测系统的建立和应用是消灭脊髓灰质炎的重要措施。我市自 1 991年建立AFP监测系统 ,全面实施AFP监测工作以来 ,形成了一个覆盖全市的监测网络 ,AFP各项监测指标逐步上升 ,为消灭脊灰做出了贡献。但是在这几年AFP监测过程中 ,由于各种原因 ,每年都有不合格的病例。为进一步提高AFP监测系统质量 ,巩固消灭脊灰成果 ,为制定保持无脊灰状态策略提供依据 ,现将我市 1 999年～ 2 0 0 2年不合格AFP病例进行分析并对监测系统评价如下 :1　资料与方法1 .1　资料来源　周口市 1 999～ 2 0 0 2年AFP病例个案调查表、随访表、AFP会诊表…     

通辽市2000—2008年急性弛缓性麻痹病例流行病学分析

目的为进一步做好急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）病例监测,保持无脊灰状态。方法对内蒙古自治区通辽市2000—2008年AFP病例的流行病学特征及监测系统运转情况进行描述性流行病学分析。结果通辽市共报告AFP病例114例,﹤15岁儿童非脊灰AFP病例年平均报告发病率为2.31/10万,合格粪便标本采集率为81.58%。根据病毒学分类标准,报告的AFP病例均为脊灰排除病例。结论继续保持无脊灰状态,做好常规免疫和AFP病例合格粪便标本的采集,提高AFP病例首诊报告率,是保持无脊灰状态的重要手段。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.