基于迭代反投影的超分辨率图像重建

提出了一种结合频域运动估计和迭代反投影的超分辨率图像重建算法。根据输入低分辨率序列图像各帧之间的傅立叶变换相位差,估计出每幅低分辨率图像相对于参考低分辨率图像的子象素位移;依据所得的子象素位移并结合迭代反投影算法,实现了超分辨率图像重建。实验结果表明,该算法是一种有效的超分辨率图像重建方法。     

基于IC芯片的彩色图像分割方法研究与实现

以IC芯片彩色图像为研究对象,分析了迭代阈值法,松弛迭代算法,颜色空间聚类算法在此类图像分割中的不足,并改进迭代阈值法,对原始图像进行颜色空间转换,由RGB空间转化到CIE Lab空间;同时利用八叉树算法对图像进行8位量化,对得到的灰度图像进行迭代阈值分割得到最佳阈值,从而提出了专门针对彩色图像背景分割的彩色迭代阙值法.最后基于Visual Studio6.0平台实现上述4种方法,并通过对比实验证明本文所采用的方法的可行性和实用性.     

基于色彩约束与非局部稀疏表示的彩色图像超分辨率重建

基于稀疏表示模型的彩色图像超分辨率重建方法通常采用基于图像块的稀疏编码过程,易导致稀疏表示不稳定、重建彩色图像存在细节模糊和色彩伪影的问题。为此,提出一种非局部稀疏表示与色彩通道约束相结合的重建算法。将待重建的低分辨率彩色图像转换到YCbCr色彩空间,利用非局部稀疏模型对低分辨率彩色图像的亮度信息进行重建,再将重建图像转换回RGB色彩空间,应用色彩通道约束方法去除色彩伪影,从而在保证图像细节信息重建质量的同时提升其色彩伪影的去除能力。实验结果表明,与双三次插值算法、ScSR算法等相比,该算法重建图像的峰值信噪比和结构相似性较高。     

基于B样条小波的彩色印刷扫描图像逆半调

彩色印刷是一种利用黄、品红、青、黑四色油墨叠印产生彩色图像的技术,逆半调是将半色调图像转换成连续调图像的过程,主要应用在电子出版和印刷图像电子化方面。选取LAB颜色空间作为逆半调处理的颜色空间,选择三阶B样条小波作为小波基,遵循小波分解、小波系数调整、小波重构的小波变换算法,对彩色印刷扫描图像进行逆半调处理,得到逆半调图像。实验结果表明,该算法避免了破坏彩色图像红、绿、蓝颜色通道的颜色相关性,对彩色印刷扫描图像的重建和印刷加网图像的恢复具有一定的理论意义和应用价值。     

果树重建与果实识别方法在采摘场景中的应用

为了实现柑橘采摘机器人的精准采摘,以及在采摘过程中为避障路径规划提供有效的指导,提出了一种自然场景下柑橘树三维重建与成熟柑橘识别的方法。利用Kinect v2获取柑橘树的彩色图像和深度图像并通过深度阈值分割的方法去除背景;通过彩色图像和深度图像配准得到点云,并通过统计滤波器中的Kd-Tree算法进行离群噪声点去除,利用ICP算法对其进行迭代融合,对融合后的点云,采用泊松曲面重建算法对柑橘树进行三维重建;通过结合成熟柑橘的颜色特征信息在不同的颜色空间下对其进行分割识别。实验结果表明:所研究的方法对柑橘树重建精度达到94. 83%,对成熟柑橘的识别率达到94. 72%。     

基于聚类的自动颜色传输

提出了一种基于聚类的颜色传输算法。利用算法可以自动完成彩色图像间、彩色图像和黑白图像间的全局或者局部颜色传输。首先,对于源图像,将采用混合高斯模型进行建模,并利用EM算法求得相应参数完成图像自动聚类。对于目标图像,如果是彩色图像,采用同样聚类方法。如果是黑白图像,采用K-Means聚类法。完成源图像和目标图像的聚类,并建立双方聚类区域的对应关系后,通过改变目标图像中像素的Lαβ通道值完成色彩传输功能。实验证明,算法高效且无需人工干预,颜色传输效果很理想。     

小波统计量和多类支持向量机的密写检测算法

提出了一种基于小波统计量和多类支持向量机的彩色图像密写检测算法。为克服以往将彩色图像转化为灰度图像引起的各颜色通道相关性损失的不足,算法建立了彩色图像统计模型。对彩色图像每个颜色通道分别进行小波分解,根据小波分解系数绝对值和绝对值线性预测的对数误差生成特征向量,并采用多类支持向量机进行模式分类。在特定嵌入率下对几种常见的密写软件生成的密写图像进行测试。实验表明此算法具有一定的通用性,对密写图像具有较高的识别率。     

基于字典学习与稀疏表示的灰度图像颜色重建算法

为了充分利用参考彩色图像与待处理灰度图像的关联关系,进一步提高图像颜色重建的自动化程度,利用稀疏表示理论和字典学习方法,提出一种自动全局图像着色算法.首先利用图像亮度、特征信息、图像颜色信息之间的相关性,依据参考图像训练出一个亮度-特征-颜色的联合字典;然后利用目标灰度图像的亮度和特征信息计算出其在该字典下的稀疏表示系数;最后利用上述联合字典与计算得到的稀疏表示系数进行灰度图像的颜色信息重建.文中算法无需进行图像分割,针对整幅图像进行着色,是一种自动的全局算法.实验结果表明,该算法可以有效地对灰度图像进行着色,对于色调单一的图像,着色效果更好.     

基于稀疏表示与字典学习的彩色图像去噪算法

针对彩色图像在去噪时易产生模糊现象和伪色彩的问题,提出多信息结合字典算法。首先提出了基于RGB颜色空间各通道模值的加权梯度定义,并在此基础上建立了由彩色图像的亮度、加权梯度、颜色信息结合的一种过完备结构字典。其次利用噪声图像的稀疏性,通过不断更新迭代的字典训练过程,找到最优稀疏系数和最优学习字典,从而将噪声信息和图像有用信息分离开,精确重构图像并单求其颜色,进而得到去噪后的彩色图像。实验结果显示,与已有算法相比,本文提出的算法在不同的噪声强度下都取得了更好的视觉效果和更高的客观评价指标值,表明该算法具有良好的去噪性能。     

基于字典学习和非局部相似的超分辨率重建

为提高单帧降质图像的分辨率,提出了一种基于字典学习和非局部相似性的超分辨率重建算法。该算法主要将高分辨率图像减去利用迭代反投影重建结果得到差值图像,再利用K-奇异值分解(K-SVD)算法和联合字典生成的思想形成的字典训练方法,训练差值图像块和低分辨率图像块得到对应的高、低分辨率字典用于超分辨重建。此外,引入非局部相似性的正则项约束以提高重建图像的质量。实验结果表明,所提算法重建得到的图像在主观视觉效果和客观评价上优于基于例子学习的超分辨率算法。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).