基于双波测量的催化动力学极谱法测定钒

在ｐＨ４．５ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲溶液中，钍试剂分别于－０．３６Ｖ，－０．６０Ｖ产生两个灵敏的极谱波，基于钒对溴酸钾氧化钍试剂的催化作用，建立了双极谱波测量的催化动力学极谱法，钒浓度在０．７～１５μｇ／Ｌ与△Ｉ（△Ｉ１＋Ｉ２）呈线性关系，检测限为０．５μｇ／Ｌ。研究了极谱波性质及电极反应机理，本法简便，灵敏，准确，已用于直接测定水中痕量钒。     

铁（Ⅱ）—亚硝基R盐—双氧水体系极谱波研究及应用

在ｐＨ５．５ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲溶液中，以硫酸肼还原Ｆｅ（Ⅲ），Ｆｅ＾２＋与亚硝基Ｒ盐生成络合物，在Ｈ２Ｏ２存在下可于－０．３５Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）处产生一个灵敏的极谱波，二阶导数波高与铁浓度在０．５～２００μｇ／Ｌ范围内呈线性关系，检出限０．３μｇ／Ｌ。研究了极谱波性质和机理。该波为一带吸附性质的平行催化波，络合物中配位体亚硝基Ｒ盐在电极上的还原，还原的中间产物被Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化原来的状态，本法灵敏，     

铁(Ⅱ)-亚硝基R盐-双氧水体系极谱波研究及应用

在ｐＨ５．５ ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲溶液中，以硫酸肼还原 Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）成 Ｆｅ（Ⅱ），Ｆｅ２＋与亚硝基 Ｒ盐生成络合物，在Ｈ２Ｏ２在下可于－０．３５ Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＣＥ）处产生一个灵敏的极谱波，二阶导数波高与铁浓度在０．５～２００μｇ／Ｌ范围内呈线性关系，检出限０．３μｇ／Ｌ。研究了极谱波性质和机理。该波为一带吸附性质的平行催化波，络合物中配位体亚硝基Ｒ盐在电极上还原，还原的中间产物被Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化成原来的状态。本法灵敏、操作简单，已用于水样中痕量铁的直接测定。     

硒（IV）—四乙基碘化铵—砷（Ⅲ）体系的极谱吸附波及其应用

报道了一个测定硒的高灵敏极谱吸附波新体系。在０．７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＢｒ溶液中，Ｓｅ（Ⅳ）－（Ｃ２Ｈ５）４ＮＩ－Ａｓ（Ⅲ）体系于－０．６１Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）处产生一高灵敏的极谱吸附波。峰电流与Ｓｅ（Ⅳ）浓度在０．１￣４０μｇ／Ｌ范围内呈线性关系。检出限为０．０５μｇ／Ｌ。研究了极谱波的性质。用本法测定了土壤中的全硒和有效硒，结果满意。     

锑（锡）—Ferron—Se（Ⅳ）络合吸附催化波研究及应用

在ｐＨ１．８的Ｈ２ＳＯ４－ＮａＡｃ缓冲溶液中，用单扫示波极谱法，Ｓｂ（Ⅲ）或者（Ｓｎ（Ⅳ）－７－碘－８－羟基喹啉－５－磺酸－Ｓｅ（Ⅳ）体系可产生灵敏的络合吸附催化波。锑、锡浓度分别在０．４～２００μｇ／Ｌ和０．８～１８０μｇ／Ｌ范围内与峰高呈线性关系，检测限分别为０．２μｇ／Ｌ和０．４μｇ／Ｌ，并用于工业废水，地下水和天然水中痕量锑和锡的测定，同时对电话性络合物的组成，极谱波的性质和电极过程机理也     

乙基橙指示催化动力学极谱法测定痕量铜

１　引　言在ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ介质中，邻菲■啉（ｐｈｅｎ）存在下，痕量铜对抗坏血酸还原乙基橙反应具有强烈的催化作用，且在此条件下乙基橙于－０．３０Ｖ（νｓ　ＳＣＥ）处，有一灵敏的极谱波，以此作为监测反应过程中乙基橙的浓度变化，建立了测定铜的催化动力学极谱方法。２　实验部分２．１　仪器与试剂　ＪＰ３－１型示波极谱仪（山东电讯七厂），ＣＳ５０１型超级恒温器（重庆试验设备厂）。０．５０ｍｇ／ＬＣＵ（Ⅱ）标准溶液；７．０ｘ１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ乙基橙溶液；０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ　ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡＣ缓冲溶液（ｐＨ＝４．…     

锑（锡）－Ferron－Se（Ⅳ）络合吸附催化波研究及应用

在ｐＨ１．８的Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４－ＮａＡｃ缓冲溶液中，用单扫示波极谱法，Ｓｂ（Ⅲ）或者Ｓｎ（Ⅳ）－７－碘－８－羟基喹啉－５－磺酸－Ｓｅ（Ⅳ）体系可产生灵敏的络合吸附催化波。锑、锡浓度分别在０．４～２００μｇ／Ｌ和０．８～１８０μｇ／Ｌ范围内与峰高呈线性关系，检测限分别为０．２μｇ／Ｌ和０．４μｇ／Ｌ，并用于工业废水、地下水和天然水中痕量锑和锡的测定。同时对电活性络合物的组成、极谱波的性质和电极过程机理也作了讨论和研究。     

硒(Ⅳ)-四乙基碘化铵-砷(Ⅲ)体系的极谱吸附波及其应用

报道了一个测定硒的高灵敏极谱吸附波新体系。在 ０． ７ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＢｒ溶液中，Ｓｅ（Ⅳ）－ （Ｃ２Ｈ５）４ＮＩ－Ａｓ（Ⅲ）体系于－０．６１Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）处产生一高灵敏的极谱吸附波。峰电流与Ｓｅ （ Ⅳ）浓度在 ０． １～４０ μｇ／Ｌ范围内呈线性关系。检出限为 ０． ０５ μｇ／Ｌ。研究了极谱波的性质。 用本法测定了土壤中的全硒和有效硒，结果满意。     

镉（Ⅱ）—1—苯基—3—甲基—4—苯甲酰基—吡唑啉酮—5配合物吸附波的研究

在ＰＨ４．８的ＨＡｃ－ＨＮ４Ａｃ介质中，Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）与１－苯基－３－甲基－４－苯甲酰基－吡唑啉酮－５（ＰＭＢＰ）生成配合物，于－０．６７Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）出现一尖锐、灵敏的极谱波。镉含量在０．００１－１．０μｇ／ｍＬ范围内与峰高成线性关系。     

扑尔敏的示波极谱测定

在０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｈａｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲溶液中，扑尔敏于—１．３６Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）处产生一灵敏的极谱还原波，导数波高与扑尔敏在２．０×１０~（－６）～８．０×１０~（－５）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度范围内成线性关系，检测下限达６．０×１０~（－７）／ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。对极谱波的性质进行了探讨，并用该法测定了速效伤风胶囊中扑尔敏的含量。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小环化合物中饱和碳质子化学位移的计算

小环化合物由于其张力、构型、构象和各向异性效应等原因,环碳上质子化学位移缺乏规律性,难以预测,对此作者曾提出一种近似算法。本文根据303种小环化合物中饱和碳质子的化学位移实验数据,将适于计算这类质子化学位移的公式表述为:     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

结合实际发展电化学科学─—武汉大学电化学研究室工作简介

结合实际发展电化学科学─—武汉大学电化学研究室工作简介查全性,陆君涛（武汉大学化学系电化学研究室,武汉４３００７２）在物理化学的众多分支学科中,电化学长期保持良好的发展势头。除了电化学所研究的体系（溶液、电极／溶液界面等）具有广泛的基础意义外,促使电...