香蕉全果原汁贮藏期间的非酶褐变分析

为更好控制香蕉全果原汁的贮藏褐变现象,探讨香蕉全果原汁在贮藏期间的褐变规律。香蕉全果原汁褐变指数随贮藏温度提高及贮藏时间延长而增大。香蕉全果原汁的非酶褐变符合零级动力学模型,褐变反应活化能为75.752kJ/mol,比果肉原汁活化能低,显示香蕉全果原汁比果肉原汁更易发生非酶褐变。贮藏期间果汁成分的变化及通径分析显示,20℃及35℃贮藏条件下,酚类物质是影响香蕉全果原汁贮藏期间非酶褐变最主要的因素。     

储藏过程中枣汁非酶裼变的研究

研究了枣汁在储藏期间与非酶褐变有关的主要物质的变化规律及其与褐变的关系.结果表明,随着储藏温度的升高和时间的延长,枣汁的褐变度和5-HMF含量逐渐增加,总糖、还原糖、抗坏血酸、总酚等化学成分逐渐减少;枣汁色值的变化与其成分的变化相一致;美拉德反应(Maillard)与Vc的氧化分解反应是储藏过程中发生的主要非酶褐变反应.     

储藏过程中百香果汁非酶褐变的研究

百香果汁在储藏过程中易发生非酶褐变,影响其品质。研究了储藏期间同非酶褐变相关的物质的变化规律及其与褐变的关系。结果显示,总糖、还原糖、氨基态氮和VC均随储藏温度升高或储藏时间延长而减少,褐变度及5-HMF含量则随储藏温度升高或储藏时间延长而增加,总酚含量变化不显著。因此,VC的氧化分解及Maillard反应是导致百香果汁储藏过程中非酶褐变的主要原因。     

菠萝浓缩汁在储藏过程中美拉德褐变及其反应动力学研究

研究了两种不同加工工艺生产的菠萝浓缩汁(菠萝果肉浓缩汁和菠萝全果浓缩汁)在储藏过程中的美拉德褐变及其反应动力学,并进一步探讨了美拉德反应对菠萝浓缩汁非酶褐变的影响。结果表明,菠萝浓缩汁在储藏期间,美拉德褐变遵循一级反应动力学;菠萝果肉浓缩汁和菠萝全果浓缩汁在储藏期间美拉德褐变的活化能分别为36.19kJ/mol和29.54kJ/mol。HMF积累对果汁非酶褐变的影响主要作用在储藏后期。     

南果梨果汁非酶促褐变反应机制研究

通过监测南果梨果汁在不同温度贮藏过程中非酶促褐变反应的褐变指数（browning index,BI）及5-羟甲基糠醛（5-hydroxymethylfurfural,5-HMF）、总酚、抗坏血酸、游离氨基酸、还原糖的含量,探究其非酶促褐变反应的主要反应机制和影响因素。通过动力学方程表达各反应进行的情况和主次关系,结果表明,南果梨果汁非酶促褐变的主要反应机制是美拉德反应和抗坏血酸氧化分解反应,多元酚氧化缩合反应和焦糖化反应在南果梨果汁非酶促褐变反应体系中影响较小。在不同的贮藏温度下,5-HMF和抗坏血酸的含量变化规律均符合零级反应动力学模型,随着贮藏温度的升高,南果梨果汁的非酶促褐变反应速度加快。     

桃汁热处理过程中非酶褐变动力学研究

桃汁在热处理过程中极易发生褐变反应,通常将褐变度和色值L*作为评价桃汁褐变程度的指标。通过测定和分析桃汁在热处理（80、90 ℃和100 ℃）过程中的相关指标发现,桃汁的褐变度分别上升了0.185、0.221和0.276,L*值分别下降了4.22、5.74和7.53,Chroma值和Hue值在热处理过程中逐渐变小,褐变指数不断增大;用零级、一级和联合动力学模型拟合各指标的动态变化的研究发现,联合动力学模型可以更好地表示褐变度和色值的动态变化（R2＞0.823）;热处理过程中VC含量不断减少,符合零级反应动力学模型（R2＞0.894）;5-羟甲基糠醛含量不断增加,符合联合动力学模型（R2＞0.905）,且在各个热处理的温度条件下5-羟甲基糠醛的生成与褐变度的变化表现出二次项关系（R2＞0.940）。     

硫酸氨基葡萄糖非酶褐变的初步研究

将硫酸氨基葡萄糖样品分别在60、70、75、80℃下加热10h,测定加热过程中褐变指数、5- 羟甲基糠醛含量、硫酸氨基葡萄糖含量、pH 值的变化,用来表征非酶褐变进行的程度,将结果应用零级动力学方程拟合。结果表明,随着加热温度升高、时间延长,褐变指数、5- 羟甲基糠醛的含量逐渐增加,而pH 值和硫酸氨基葡萄糖的含量逐渐下降,硫酸氨基葡萄糖的非酶褐变反应符合零级动力学,褐变指数和5- 羟甲基糠醛含量变化的反应活化能分别为85.127、136.973kJ/mol,NaHSO3 对硫酸氨基葡萄糖的非酶褐变有一定的抑制作用。     

青梅汁浓缩过程中非酶褐变的研究

非酶褐变是青梅汁加工和贮藏过程中发生褐变的主要原因。研究青梅汁浓缩过程中不同添加剂对果汁非酶褐变的影响,结果表明:添加青梅汁质量0.005%的异抗坏血酸钠对果汁浓缩过程具有显著的防褐变效果。同时,研究添加不同添加剂对青梅汁浓缩前后果汁颜色变化与其VC、总糖和总酚含量变化相关系数R2,结果表明:青梅汁浓缩过程中非酶褐变主要是由酚类物质的氧化缩合引起,VC的氧化、美拉德反应和焦糖化反应对果汁颜色劣变影响不大。     

百香果浑浊果汁在储藏过程中发生非酶褐变原因的研究

把百香果浑浊果汁作为研究对象,以褐变度BI值为检测指标,跟踪其在储藏过程中引起非酶褐变的HMF(5-羟甲基糠醛)、VC、花色苷、缩合单宁、多酚等化学组分。采用通径分析的统计分析方法,解析了百香果浑浊果汁在储藏过程中非酶褐变的主要原因。结果表明,在25℃和5℃避光储藏条件下,百香果浑浊果汁中HMF,VC、花色苷、缩合单宁、多酚等成分的变化与百香果浑浊果汁褐变度BI值的变化密切相关;在25℃避光储藏条件下百香果浑浊果汁的非酶褐变主要由花色苷引起,花色苷与缩合单宁的交互作用是引起非酶褐变的第一决定因素;在5℃避光储藏条件下百香果浑浊果汁的非酶褐变主要由缩合单宁引起,花色苷与HMF的交互作用是引起非酶褐变的第一决定因素。     

低盐腌制白萝卜非酶褐变动力学

探讨白萝卜腌制过程中非酶褐变的原因与动力学,以期为白萝卜的腌制加工提供技术指导。在25、30、35 ℃条件下对白萝卜进行自然发酵,研究产品中与非酶褐变有关的指标总酚、还原糖、VC、游离氨基酸、5-羟甲基糠醛（5-hydroxymethylfurfural,5-HMF）含量以及褐变度（browning degree,BD）及色差（L*、a*、b*）的变化,并分别用零级、一级动力学模型进行拟合分析。结果表明：白萝卜腌制期间发生非酶褐变主要是由于美拉德反应及多酚的氧化聚合引起的。在不同温度（25、30、35 ℃）条件下发酵过程中,白萝卜的总酚、还原糖、游离氨基酸含量变化符合一级动力学模型;5-HMF含量、BD变化符合零级动力学模型,并且两者成线性关系（R2＞0.936 0）,同时颜色指标L*、b*值是5-HMF的函数,可用一级动力学方程表示（R2＞0.801 2）。发酵温度对腌制白萝卜成品品质影响显著,因此可通过控制发酵温度来提高产品的感官及营养品质。     

苹果汁中糖和氨基酸的美拉德反应动力学模拟研究

在苹果汁的热加工过程中,美拉德反应对其质量的影响是极其重要的.为了能控制象美拉德反应这样复杂的反应,必须对其进行定量研究.本文通过对苹果汁中主要糖和氨基酸的美拉德反应动力学模拟.阐述了苹果汁中非酶褐变的美拉德反应机理,应用反应动力学原理,定量地描述反应的变化和预测反应随时间-温度的变化规律.     

包装材料对苹果浓缩汁贮藏期非酶褐变的影响

研究了苹果浓缩汁贮藏过程中,3种包装材料对褐变指数(A420)、氨基态氮、还原糖和5-羟甲基糠醛含量的影响。结果表明,3种包装材料对苹果浓缩汁的非酶褐变阻遏作用玻璃瓶最佳;20d内,PE/TIE/PA/TIE/PE5层共挤蒸煮袋>PE(聚乙烯)袋;20d后,PE袋>蒸煮袋。     

影响荔枝汁非酶褐变的因素及其控制方法

通过测定荔枝汁加工和贮存过程中褐变度的变化,研究了影响荔枝汁非酶褐变的主要因素。结果表明,影响荔枝汁非酶褐变的主要因素有:多酚类物质、pH值、金属离子(Mg2+、Fe3+、Cu2+、Sn2+)、包装材料和贮藏温度。通过控制这些因素可有效抑制荔枝汁的非酶褐变。     

Kinetics of Ascorbic Acid Loss and Nonenzymatic Browning in Orange Juice Serum: Experimental Rate Constants

The kinetics of ascorbic acid loss and nonenzymatic browning in clarified orange juice (serum) were investigated in an anaerobic environment from 70.3 to 97.6°C and from 11.7 to 80.6Brix. Data were fitted to firstorder kinetic models. Rate constants of ascorbic acid degradation in serum were not different from rate constants in whole juice. Activation energies were ±30 kcal/mol and largely independent of solids concentration. Rate constants of browning pigment formation were 30–50% greater in serum. Activation energies were 19–25 kcal/mol and increased slightly with solids concentration.     

Vitamin C stability in encapsulated green West Indian cherry juice and in encapsulated synthetic ascorbic acid

Kinetic studies on the degradation of vitamin C and nonenzymatic browning of green West Indian cherry juice and synthetic ascorbic acid, encapsulated in maltodextrin DE20 and a mixture of this with gum arabic, were carried out at different temperatures (15, 25, 35 and 45 °C). Vitamin C degradation followed the first‐order and nonenzymatic browning a zero‐order kinetic model. At higher storage temperatures the formulation containing a mixture of maltodextrin and gum arabic (3:1) was the most effective for vitamin C protection. An increase in storage temperature showed a greater impact on the degradation of synthetic vitamin C than on that of the green West Indian cherry juice. These differences could be due to the presence of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity, protecting the vitamin C. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

COLOR, POLYPHENOLOXIDASE, AND SENSORY CHANGES IN BANANA JUICE AS AFFECTED BY HEAT AND ULTRAFILTRATION

A study was conducted to determine the effects of banana maturity (less mature; maturity stage 3, more mature; maturity stage 7), heat treatment of banana puree, heat pasteurization of juice, and ultrafiltration (UF) of juice on color, polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity, and flavor of puree and juice. Heating puree to 90C inactivated PPO and reduced browning in puree and juice, especially in puree from more mature bananas which had greater PPO activity. PPO activity decreased considerably during cold-setting and filtration of juice, and was not detectable in unheated, pad-filtered juice from less mature bananas. UF of juice through a 10,000 mwco membrance, but not a 30,000, removed all PPO activity and reduced juice browning. Pasteurization of juice (hot fill at 90C) increased browning, but not as much as PPO activity in the puree. Pasteurization had no effect on juice flavor if the puree had been heated to 90C previously as puree, but altered the flavor (i. e., more cooked banana flavor) of juice that had not been previously heated to 90C. Pasteurized juice that had not been heated to 90C as puree had similar flavor (no significant difference) as pasteurized juice that had been heated to 90C as puree.     

Effects of fining treatment and storage temperature on the quality of clarified banana juice

The clarified banana juice was subjected to different treatment namely bentonite, combination of gelatin and bentonite and control and stored at 4, 25 and 37 °C for 24 weeks. The effects of fining treatment, storage temperature and storage time on turbidity, total polyphenol, browning index, microbiological, and sensory quality of clarified banana juice were evaluated during storage. Fining treatment, storage temperature and storage time had a significant (p<0.001) effect on turbidity, total polyphenol and browning index of clarified banana juice. Turbidity and browning index of juice were reduced by fining treatment with bentonite and a combination of gelatin and bentonite but increased with storage temperature and storage time. A significant decrease in total polyphenol content and increase in turbidity and browning index were detected for all juice samples during storage. However, it was noted that changes were significantly greater in control juice stored at higher temperature than in juice stored at 4 or 25 °C for up to 6 months. Sensory evaluation revealed that juices treated with bentonite or a combination of gelatin and bentonite and stored at 4, 25 or 37 °C were acceptable for up to six months, whereas untreated juice stored at 37 °C was only acceptable for up to 16 weeks.     

NONENZYMATIC BROWNING IN CLARIFIED APPLE JUICE AT HIGH TEMPERATURES: A RESPONSE SURFACE ANALYSIS

The effect of temperature and soluble solids on nonenzymatic browning in clarified and concentrated apple juice was analyzed by response surface methodology. Color development at 20, 40 and 60 Brix and temperatures ranging from 70–90C were compared over a time range of 30–180 min. the browning reaction was found to be dependent on soluble solid content as well as on the reaction conditions such as temperature and time. the model combines the effect of temperature, soluble solids content and time on color change due to nonenzymatic browning.