考虑竖向地震动影响的某核电安全壳地震易损性研究

核电厂等重要基础设施的抗震设计和评估需要考虑竖向地震动影响,目前竖向地震动对核电安全壳地震易损性影响研究还较少。本文进行了考虑竖向地震动影响的核电安全壳地震易损性研究,分析了以水平向场地相关谱为目标谱选取的地震动记录的不足,提出了同时匹配水平和竖向场地相关谱的地震动选取方法,选取了指定场址的水平和竖向地震动记录。采用增量动力分析方法,基于选取的水平和竖向地震动,分别进行核电安全壳水平向地震动作用下与水平和竖向地震动联合作用下的易损性分析。采用基于混合易损性数据的易损性分析方法,得到了具有置信度的易损性曲线和高置信度低失效概率。分析结果表明：竖向地震动对安全壳抗震能力和地震易损性有较大影响。     

考虑知识不确定性的核电厂地震易损性概率模型研究

考虑知识不确定性的地震易损性模型公式是核电厂地震易损性分析的理论基础,包括具有置信度的易损性公式和平均值易损性公式。本文分别对两类公式进行了推导,分析了公式中参数的相互关系,研究了基于两类易损性公式分别得到的高置信度低失效概率值的关系。分析结果表明:基于易损性的不确定性角度的公式推导丰富了具有置信度易损性公式的内涵;对于具有置信度的易损性模型公式,失效概率与置信度服从某种分布,且两类不确定性对失效概率具有不同影响;两类不确定性的对数标准差取值相近时,两类高置信度低失效概率能力值近似相等。     

基于经验-解析数据的某核电安全壳地震易损性分析

本文基于混合数据的地震易损性分析方法,对我国已运行核电厂地震易损性分析进行研究。首先基于地震危险性分析和分解结果,生成了我国华南地区某核电厂厂址条件谱;然后采用贪心优化算法,选取符合厂址危险性的地震动记录;基于增量动力分析方法,生成我国某核电厂安全壳地震易损性安全系数FS和FSA的解析数据;地震易损性其他参数采用经验数据,基于经验-解析数据,生成了我国某核电厂安全壳地震易损性曲线。建议将基于经验-解析数据的地震易损性分析方法应用于我国核电厂安全壳初步地震易损性分析中。     

基于抗震鉴定试验的开关柜的抗震裕度分析

核电厂发生超过设计基准地震后,需要进行抗震裕度分析以便于识别核电厂的薄弱环节。本文利用高置信度低概率失效来量化设备的抗震裕度,采用保守的确定论失效裕度和易损性分析两种方法,计算了核电厂设备的高置信度低概率失效,梳理了两种方法的计算步骤,明确了计算过程中关键参数的取值范围。利用两种方法计算基于抗震鉴定试验的开关柜的高置信度低概率失效。     

核电厂构筑物和设备高置信度低失效概率抗震能力值的计算方法

计算核电厂构筑物、系统和部件(SSC)的高置信度低失效概率抗震能力值(HCLPF)是地震概率安全评价(SPSA)、地震裕度评价(SMA)的一个重要步骤.介绍在工程上常用的3种计算SSC HCLPF值的方法:概率易损性方法、保守的确定性失效裕度(CDFM)方法以及通过试验数据获取HCLPF值的方法,并对比研究近年来在计算HCLPF值方法上的新进展,最后给出了计算HCLPF值的一些建议.     

多种影响因素下的设备易损性计算

抗震裕度评估是核电厂地震安全评估的方法之一,通过地震易损性分析计算高置信度低失效概率的抗震能力值是抗震裕度评估中很重要的一步。本文对于同时受到多种失效模式影响的设备易损性计算进行了研究,讨论了蒙特卡罗抽样方法和拉丁超立方分布抽样方法在设备易损性计算中的应用,对两种抽样方法的计算效率和准确度进行了评价。结果表明,在小样本抽样计算时拉丁超立方抽样方法有更好的计算效率和收敛速度,在1 000次样本数量时,两种抽样方法计算结果均可达到收敛。     

高温气冷堆蓄电池组地震易损性研究

为验证核电厂发生地震外部事件时的电力安全，需要对蓄电池组进行抗震鉴定试验。本文以高温气冷堆（HTR）核电厂安全级蓄电池组为研究对象、以安全级蓄电池组抗震鉴定试验数据和工程经验为基础，通过识别、量化蓄电池组的地震易损性变量，并应用基于试验的易损性分析法推导出地震易损性曲线和高置信度低失效概率（HCLPF）抗震能力。研究结果表明，安全级蓄电池组的抗震能力远高于核电厂设计基准地震动需求。      

基于广义条件谱的某核电厂安全壳多元地震易损性分析

本文基于我国场地广义条件谱,对我国某核电厂安全壳进行了多元地震易损性研究。给出了我国场地向量型概率地震危险性分析与分解理论,提出了我国场地广义条件谱生成方法和步骤,生成了我国算例厂址广义条件谱,选取了场地相关地震动记录,基于多元地震易损性分析方法,生成了算例厂址安全壳结构多元地震易损性曲面。分析结果表明：核电厂安全壳地震易损性分析结果对多个地震动强度参数都较为敏感,基于增量动力分析等解析地震易损性方法,能够得到更为精细化易损性分析结果。考虑多个地震动强度参数的地震易损性分析结果,可为更为精细化核电厂地震风险提供研究基础。     

储液容器地震易损性参数计算

本文介绍了核电厂设备的易损性分析方法以及易损性模型的参数化计算方法。对核电厂中的典型储液容器应急补水箱（ASG水箱）使用Housner质量-弹簧简化模型进行了分析。对ASG水箱的各项易损性参数进行了计算,绘制出其易损性曲线,并得出高置信度低失效概率（HCLPF）值。结果表明：ASG水箱的HCLPF值低于安全停堆地震（SSE）水平,属于抗震能力较低的设备,需在结构上进行加强。     

堆芯补水箱地震易损性分析

本文采用有限元软件ANSYS建立AP1000核电站堆芯补水箱（CMT）三维有限元模型,通过模态分析获得其结构特征,采用时程分析法较为真实地模拟CMT地震下响应。通过地震易损性数学模型,对CMT的各项易损性参数进行分析,获得了其抗震能力中值A_m、随机性标准差β_R以及不确定性标准差β_U,计算出其高置信度低失效概率（HCLPF）值。结果表明：CMT的HCLPF值明显高于设计安全停堆地震强度0.3g,说明其具有较高的抗震能力,且HCLPF值略高于采用确定论方法得到的值。对易损性参量误差敏感性分析发现β_R取值变化对CMT的条件失效概率和HCLPF值影响较小,可简化部分随机性误差的考虑,使得易损性分析更简洁。     

核电厂安全壳地震概率风险评估

地震概率风险评估可分别基于地震风险解析函数和风险卷积函数实现。本文推导了地震风险解析函数,分析了地震风险解析函数蕴含的两个基本假设和两个近似,分别基于地震风险解析函数和风险卷积函数计算了我国某核电厂安全壳地震风险。结果表明：采用幂指数函数近似地震危险性极值Ⅱ型分布对风险结果无影响;对于算例厂址,地震风险解析函数中KH和kⅠ为常数的近似会高估核电厂安全壳面临的地震风险;我国核电厂安全壳结构地震风险较低,具有较大安全裕量。建议采用地震风险解析函数初步评估我国核电厂安全壳地震风险。     

Seismic Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Nuclear Power Plant Containment

Seismic probabilistic risk assessment could be respectively conducted using analytical function of seismic risk and risk convolution function. In this paper, analytical function of seismic risk was conducted, two basic assumptions and two approximations of analytical function of seismic risk were analyzed, and seismic probabilistic risk analysis of a nuclear power plant containment of our country were respectively conducted using analytical function of seismic risk and risk convolution function. The results show that there is no influence on seismic risk results using a power exponent function approximating seismic hazard distribution following extreme value Ⅱ type distribution. For the case of this paper, seismic risk of a nuclear power plant containment is overestimated based on analytical function of seismic risk, which uses constant KH and kⅠ. Seismic risk of a containment is low in our country, which has a large safety margin. It is proposed that the preliminary seismic risk assessment of a nuclear power plant containment of our country using analytical function of seismic risk should be conducted.     

Seismic Isolation Design for JSFR

This paper describes the seismic design of Japan Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (JSFR), which includes the seismic condition, the seismic isolation system, and the seismic evaluation of the primary components. Since the design seismic loading is set out severely than ever since The Niigata-ken Chuetsu-oki Earthquake in 2007, an advanced seismic isolation system is aimed to reduce the seismic force loaded on the primary components of JSFR to be less than that of the previous seismic isolation system. The advanced seismic isolation system is developed by optimizing the performance based on the previous seismic isolation system considering the natural frequency of the primary components. The laminated rubber bearings thicker than the previous ones and oil dampers are adopted for the advanced seismic isolation system of SFR. The seismic evaluation of nuclear reactor components applying the advanced seismic isolation system is performed and its feasibility is confirmed.     

弯头地震非线性响应及抗震设计规范保守性研究

通过对比研究1995版和2002版的ASME规范中管道抗震评价部分的相关内容,深入探讨了ASME规范在降低其保守性所做的努力。定义规范保守性因子,以便定量研究规范保守性,同时开展弯头在地震载荷作用下的线性与非线性响应研究,深入探讨了材料非线性、几何大变形和内压对弯头的地震响应的影响,并基于弯头的地震响应计算结果,分析了ASME规范中管道抗震评价部分的保守性。计算结果表明,ASME规范对管道系统抗震评价的保守性较大。     

高频地震激励对核级阀门危害性分析

利用试验和修正后的集中质量有限元模型预测安装在管道中阀门在不同频率成分地震激励下的响应,研究高频地震激励对管道中质量较大核级阀门的危害性。研究结果表明：高频地震激励对核级阀门的危害在于使阀门以其自身固有振型发生共振,此时阀门顶部取代阀门与管道连接位置成为阀门中响应最大的位置,这会导致安装于阀门顶端的驱动机构遭受苛刻的地震工况。增加管道阻尼和阀门刚度能有效降低高频激励对阀门的危害,但增加阀门刚度会导致管道响应增大。利用等效静力法对阀门进行抗震鉴定时,分析结果对阀体水平部位内力估计不足,对阀体垂直部分、阀盖等阀门上部构件的内力估计结果具有较大裕度。     

Hazard Analysis of Nuclear Safety Class Valve Induced by High Frequency Seismic Excitation

The test and the updated lumped mass finite element model were used to predict the response of the valve installed in the pipeline under the seismic excitation of different frequency components, and the hazard of high frequency seismic excitation to large-mass nuclear safety class valves in the pipeline was studied. The results show that the high frequency seismic excitation causes the nuclear safety class valve to resonate with its own mode of vibration. At this moment, the top of the valve replaces the position where the valve is connected to the pipe to become the position with the largest response amplitude in the valve, which causes the drive mechanism installed on the top of the valve to suffer severe seismic conditions. Increasing the pipe damping and valve stiffness can effectively reduce the hazard of high frequency excitation to the valves, but increasing the valve stiffness will lead to the increase of the pipe response amplitude. When the equivalent static method is used for seismic identification of the valve, the analysis result is insufficient to estimate the internal force of the horizontal part of the valve body, and has a large margin to estimate the internal force of the vertical part of the valve body, the valve cover and other upper parts of the valve.     

关于核级设备的静动态抗震试验的思考

核级设备必须通过抗震鉴定,抗震试验是能动设备的主要鉴定方法.美国ASME QME-1-2002提出可采用静力法.本工作论述静力法的使用要点、前提条件和使用限制,并提出静力法适用范围的建议.     

Seismic Response of High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Core with Block-Typed Fuel, (V)

An analytical method for the seismic response of the two-dimensional horizontal slice core model of a high temperature gas-cooled reactor core with block-type fuel has been developed. In the analytical method, blocks are modeled as rigid bodies and a spring dashpot model is used for the collision process between blocks. Analytical results are compared with experimental ones and both are found to be in good agreement. The analytical method can be used to predict the behavior of the high temperature gas-cooled reactor core under seismic excitation.     

Application of seismic analysis methodology to small modular integral reactor internals

The fluid–structure interaction (FSI) effect should be carefully considered in a seismic analysis of nuclear reactor internals to obtain the appropriate seismic responses because the dynamic characteristics of reactor internals change when they are submerged in the reactor coolant. This study suggests that a seismic analysis methodology considered the FSI effect in an integral reactor, and applies the methodology to the System-Integrated Modular Advanced Reactor (SMART) developed in Korea. In this methodology, we especially focus on constructing a numerical analysis model that can represent the dynamic behaviors considered in the FSI effect. The effect is included in the simplified seismic analysis model by adopting the fluid elements at the gap between the structures. The overall procedures of the seismic analysis model construction are verified by using dynamic characteristics extracted from a scaled-down model, and then the time history analysis is carried out using the constructed seismic analysis model, applying the El Centro earthquake input in order to obtain the major seismic responses. The results show that the seismic analysis model can clearly provide the seismic responses of the reactor internals. Moreover, the results emphasize the importance of the consideration of the FSI effect in the seismic analysis of the integral reactor.     

蒸汽发生器非线性支承系统的抗震能力分析

计算核电厂设备的高置信度低失效概率(HCLPF)抗震能力是地震概率安全评价、地震裕度评价的一个重要步骤。以蒸汽发生器支承为研究对象,建立其详细的非线性有限单元模型,通过逐步增大地面运动水平,反复计算系统的响应,最后得到蒸汽发生器支承的抗震能力,并与通过确定性失效裕度法得到的HCLPF进行比较。结果表明,两者的计算结果差别较大。本文建议对于非线性较强的设备需采用非线性时程分析方法计算设备的HCLPF。