高能球磨制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷硬质相超微粉

对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷硬质相TiC、TiN、WC原料粉在不同球料比、不同球磨时间试验条件下进行高能球磨,探讨了TiC、TiN、WC粉体的高能球磨超细化机理和球磨行为特征。试验表明随球料比和球磨时间的增加,TiC、TiN、WC粉体得到细化,但达到一个极小值后细化趋于稳定。利用沉降法测试粉末粒度分布并在扫描电镜下观察粉末的形貌和粒度,发现在10∶1球料比下球磨96h后可以有效制备得颗粒粒度为0.20μm的金属陶瓷硬质相超微粉。     

钢结硬质合金中的硬质相

钢结硬质合金由硬质相和合金钢基体相构成,其所含硬质相的性质影响着钢结硬质合金的性质。本文讨论了硬质相的性质、硬质相同钢基体的相互作用以及硬质相数量的变化对合金性能的影响。这些硬质相包括WC,TiC,WC-TiC,Mo_2C,TaC,NbC,TiB_2等,其中以TiC,WC作硬质相的钢结硬质合金已有许多牌号。而Ti(C,N)钢结硬质合金还在研究之中,国外已有这方面的报道。除WC,TiC以外的其它硬质相在硬质合金中表现出不同的性质,但这是否适合于钢结硬质合金还有待于进一步研究。     

原始粉末粒度对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织性能的影响

采用粉末冶金方法制得四组不同粒度组合的Co-WC-Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷材料。对其室温力学性能进行测量,并采用XRD,SEM,EDX等方法对材料的相结构,显微组织等进行分析。研究表明,主要硬质相粒度的改变使相结构出现了一定程度的变化;以亚微米TiC为原始粉末细化了金属陶瓷组织中的晶粒;以纳米TiN为原始粉末使得晶粒大小趋向一致,分布均匀,并在一定程度上细化了晶粒;当TiC、TiN原始粉末分别为亚微米、纳米尺寸时,材料的综合力学性能最好。     

TiC含量对激光合金化层组织和耐磨性的影响

以亚微米级TiC和WC作为陶瓷硬质相,自制的合金粉末作为粘结相,采用激光表面合金化技术在球墨铸铁表面制备出高硬度、耐磨的合金化层.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、EDAX能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等分析测试手段对不同TiC含量下的合金化层的显微组织和物相构成进行了分析,并对合金化层进行了硬度和摩擦磨损性能测试.结果表明,随着涂料中TiC含量的增加,合金化层中碳化物硬质强化相逐渐增多,合金化层的硬度和耐磨性也逐渐提高.当TiC含量为40%时,合金化层的性能较好,平均显微硬度可达1097 HV0.2,其磨损量仅为基材球墨铸铁的1/9.     

影响Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷力学性能的因素

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷是一种以TiC:、TiN或Ti(C,N)粉末作硬质相,添加WC、TaC、VC等难熔金属碳化物,并以Ni-Mo或Mo_2C作黏结剂的新型复合材料,主要用于刀具。与传统的WC硬质合金相比较,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷具有更好的综合性能,但其断裂韧度和抗弯强度不足,限制了它的应用。影响Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧度等力学性能的因素主要为成分和粉末粒度,前者包括碳、氮和钼的含量,黏结剂镍和钴,碳化物及稀土元素。降低Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的脆性是有待解决的难题。今后将会开发出高性能、低成本的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具,以满足制造业的需求。     

预合金化的原材料对（Ti、W）（C、N）—Co金属陶瓷显微结构的影响

用X－射线衍射仪、光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和分析电子显微镜（AEM）研究TiC TiN WC、Ti(C、N）＋WC、（Ti、W）C TiN和(Ti、W)(C、N）不同混合粉末所制造的4种合金。由这种二元混合粉末制备的合金晶粒度比其它合金的要小，但其显微结构不如其它合金的均匀。用WC制造的合金具有核心成份为Ti(C、N）或富钨相，环绕核心的环结特征。热力学计算表明他们是在低氮活性下于900℃的固相烧结过程中形成的。外环的成份与1450℃的液相烧结时的平衡计算是一致的。     

碳化钽的加入方式对合金结构和性能的影响研究

对TaC加入到合金中的方式进行了研究，结果表明，以固溶体形式加入的合金的WC相和TiC－TaC－WC相较之以单质（TaC）形式加入的合金的WC相和TiC－TaC－WC相有较粗的亚晶结构和较小的微观应变。与此相对应的是，合金亦具有较好的物理力学性能和较长的切削寿命。     

发动机汽缸体中钛化物的测定

本文介绍了Ti元素在气缸体中的存在形式，TiN、TiC硬质点的作用，及测量TiN、TiC硬质点数量的方法。     

TiN及WC加入量对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织与性能的影响

本文研究了TiN及WC加入量对金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响．结果表明，随TiN加入量的增加，组织细化，WC形成TiC－WC固溶体的临界加入量约为15％，超过15％时将使部分WC以针状或针片状形式存在，使硬度降低．     

第2部分:粘结相中固溶元素的定量测定

1前言Ti（C，N）基金属陶瓷是由粘结相粉末（主要成分是Ni）、硬质相粉末（TiC，TiN）和添加剂（Mo，C，WC）通过粉末冶金的方法制成的。此种材料具有较高的硬度、耐磨性及红硬性等优点。在实际生产中作为切削加工工具材料已经得到广泛的应用[1，2]，此外含氮金属陶瓷作为高耐磨材料在模具，量具等领域也有广泛应用前景。有关粘结相中固溶元素的定量测定对研究金属陶瓷烧结过程的变化及对其特性的影响有一定的作用，然而这方面的试验研究工作报道甚少。根据文献[4]报道，采用浓盐酸加热溶解，使金属陶瓷粘结相中的固溶元素溶解，然后进…     

钛微合金钢连铸中TiN与TiC析出热力学研究

连铸过程中夹杂物的析出对铸坯的组织性能有重要影响。为研究钛微合金化Q345钢中TiN 、TiC夹杂物的析出规律，对TiN 、TiC的生成热力学进行了计算，计算了Q345钢的固/液相线温度、碳氮化物的析出温度、不同温度下TiN、TiC的平衡/实际溶度积和析出时所需的Ti、N初始浓度，分析了高钛钢在凝固过程中TiN 、TiC的析出规律。结果表明：TiN 、TiC在液相线温度以上不能析出；由于Ti、N、C在凝固前沿的富集，当两相区fs＞0.56时，TiN开始析出，当两相区fs＞0.92时，TiC开始析出；在固相奥氏体中有TiN粒子析出，而TiC的析出温度较TiN低，在铁素体中析出。     

Improvement of the wear resistance of Ti-based coating sliding against copper alloy

The multilayer coating, Ti10%-C:H/TiC/TiCN/TiN, was deposited on cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) substrate by an unbalanced magnetron sputtering system. Tribological characteristics of this coating were compared with the coatings of TiN, TiCN, and TiC/TiCN/TiN deposited on WC-Co substrates and the WC -Co substrate itself. The coating displayed excellent tribological properties, i.e., both low value and smooth curve of friction coefficient, and also, compared with the other tested materials, yielded the lowest wear depth when sliding against bronze under dry conditions. The coating thus protects against the high wear experienced when Ti-based coatings rub against copper alloy.     

激光熔覆多元复合硬质合金覆层中颗粒相的行为特征

通过对Ｃｏ基ＷＣ－ＴｉＣ－ＴａＣ多元复合硬质合金覆层中颗粒相的行为特征的研究表明,从激光熔覆层底部到顶部ＴｉＣ颗粒呈梯度递增分布,并伴有一定的聚集长大现象;而ＷＣ,ＴａＣ出现碎化（熔化烧损）现象,且熔化烧损程度大于ＴｉＣ。熔覆层中明显出现以ＴｉＣ为黑色芯部,以（Ｗ,Ｔｉ,Ｔａ）Ｃ复式碳化物为外围的包覆结构。且在熔覆层顶部最表层及熔覆层与基体结合区分别出现了在液相凝固过程中产生的含有Ｗ,Ｔｉ,Ｔａ的     

Wettability and machinability study of pure aluminium towards uncoated and coated carbide cutting tool inserts

An investigation has been conducted to study wetting characteristics of aluminium towards different cutting tool materials for assessing the compatibility for dry machining of aluminum. For this purpose uncoated carbide (94%WC + 6%Co) and mono or multi-layer coated carbide tools with top coating of TiC, TiN, Al₂O₃ and diamond have been used. It was observed that aluminium had a tendency to wet uncoated carbide (94%WC + 6%Co) inserts. However, wetting was more pronounced when surface was enriched with cobalt. In contrast, wetting of aluminium was less when the WC content of the carbide tool surface increased. Coatings like TiC, TiN or Al₂O₃ could not show pure non-wetting characteristics for aluminium. The aluminium appeared to dissolve the coatings in different degrees. On the other hand, coating of diamond exhibited inertness towards aluminum leading to non-wetting behaviour. Turning test with aluminium indicated heavy material built up on uncoated (94%WC + 6%Co) tool. Built up edge formation could not be avoided when carbide inserts with a top coating of TiC, TiN, Al₂O₃ were engaged in machining of aluminium. However, the non-wetting characteristic of diamond coating was reflected during machining of aluminium. The chips slided smoothly over the rake face leaving no trace of edge built up.     

Study of TiC+TiN Multiple Films On Type of 316L Stainless Steel

RECENTLY there has been great progress on theresearch of chemical vapor deposition(CVD)techniques for making various films on type of316Lstainless steel substrates11'2].The coated stainless steelis a kind of osmosis hydrogen(H2),deuterium(H2)andtritium(H3)resistance material'31.We have successfullyprepared multiple TiC(Titanium carbide)+TiN(Titanium nitride)membranes on type of316L stainlesssteel by HTCVD process.In this paper,we will studydifferent CVD processes in preparing TiC+…     

梯度过渡层对硬质合金沉积类金刚石膜的耐磨性影响

目的分析不同类型的梯度过渡层对硬质合金沉积类金刚石涂层耐磨性能的影响,制备出能有效改善硬质合金减摩抗磨性能的类金刚石涂层。方法采用真空阴极电弧离子镀和等离子体增强化学沉积技术,在硬质合金基底上制备了Ti/TiC/DLC、Ti/TiN/DLC、Ti/TiN/TiNC/DLC和Ti/TiN/TiNC/TiC/DLC四种类型的Ti多元梯度过渡类金刚石涂层。通过GNEHM-150型洛氏硬度计和电子显微镜、MFT-4000多功能材料表面性能试验仪、纳米硬度测试仪,分别评价不同类型多元梯度过渡层对硬质合金类金刚石涂层的膜基结合强度、摩擦磨损性能及纳米硬度。结果 Ti/TiC/DLC、Ti/TiN/DLC、Ti/TiN/TiNC/DLC和Ti/TiN/TiNC/TiC/DLC四种类型涂层的膜基结合强度等级分别为HF3-HF4、HF5-HF6、HF1-HF2、HF1,对两种膜基结合强度较好的涂层(Ti/TiN/TiNC/DLC、Ti/TiN/TiNC/TiC/DLC)进行摩擦磨损检测,其摩擦系数分别为0.2、0.1,且经过60 min对摩,Ti/TiN/TiNC/TiC/DLC涂层仍未出现明显剥落。结论梯度过渡层的类型对薄膜的膜基结合强度、摩擦性能有较明显的影响,Ti/TiN/TiNC/TiC/DLC结构的涂层膜基结合强度最好,具有最低的摩擦系数,表现出了优异的减摩抗磨性能,可有效改善硬质合金表面的耐磨性能。     

Experimental investigation of the cutting temperature when turning with coated indexable inserts

This paper deals with an experimental investigation into the different factors which influence the temperature which occur at the coating/substrate–chip interface when machining a medium carbon steel and an austenitic stainless steel. Both flat-faced and grooved inserts coated with TiC, TiC/TiN and TiC/Al₂O₃/TiN were used. A standard K-type thermocouple embedded in the workpiece was used to convert measured efms to the interfacial temperature. Some optimal coating structures for high speed machining of these steels corresponding to the minimum interface temperature were selected. In particular, it was observed that by the proper selection of the thermal properties of the coating and the workpiece materials, which result in a substantial increase in the interface temperature, the effect of a thermal barrier in the top layer of the coating can occur.     

Comparative studies on corrosion and tribological performance of multilayer hard coatings grown on WC-Co hardmetals

Multilayer TiN/TiCN/TiCN/TiC/TiN and TiN/TiCN/TiCN/TiC/Al₂O₃ hard coatings with total thicknesses of 15.7 μm and 9.3 μm were deposited on WC-10Co substrates using a chemical vapor deposition system. Evaluation of surface, cross-section morphologies, chemical composition and phases of coatings were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses respectively. Corrosion properties were evaluated in 3.5 wt% NaCl medium using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Tribological properties of fabricated multilayer hard coatings were evaluated using pin-on-disk tests. Results show that active dissolution of the WC-10Co occurred while the coated samples showed more anodic slopes as well as lower corrosion current densities. The corrosion current densities of 3.3 × 10⁻⁷ A/cm² and 7.5 × 10⁻⁸ A/cm² were obtained for the TiN/TiCN/TiCN/TiC/TiN and TiN/TiCN/TiCN/TiC/Al₂O₃ coated specimens which are much lower than 4 × 10⁻⁶ A/cm² of substrate. EIS analysis confirmed the results of potentiodynamic polarization curves. Delamination of the TiN coating and formation of titanium oxide compounds on the surface of the TiN/TiCN/TiCN/TiC/TiN coating revealed that oxidative wear mechanism is dominant for this sample, while adhesive wear mechanism was dominant for the TiN/TiCN/TiCN/TiC/Al₂O₃ coated sample.     

Correlation of microstructure with high-temperature hardness of (TiC,TiN)/Ti–6Al–4V surface composites fabricated by high-energy electron-beam irradiation

Correlation of microstructure with high-temperature hardness of (TiC,TiN)/Ti–6Al–4V surface composites fabricated by high-energy electron-beam irradiation was investigated in this study. TiC, TiN and TiC+TiN powder mixtures containing 50% CaF₂ flux were deposited on the surface of a Ti–6Al–4V alloy substrate, and irradiated by high-energy electron beam to form 1-mm-thick, defect-free surface composite layers. The surface composite layers contained a large amount (over 30 vol.%) of precipitates such as TiC, TiN, (Ti_xAl_1−x)N and Ti(C_xN_1−x) in the martensitic or N-rich acicular α-Ti matrix. This microstructural modification including the formation of hard precipitates and hardened matrices in the surface composite layers improved hardness and high-temperature hardness two to four times greater than that of the substrate. In particular, the surface composite fabricated with TiN powders had the highest hardness because of the highest volume fraction of TiN and (Ti_xAl_1−x)N distributed in the hardened N-rich acicular α-Ti matrix. These findings suggest that the (TiC,TiN)/Ti–6Al–4V surface composites can be used for structural materials requiring excellent thermal resistance.