Urban Wildness—A More Correct Term Than “Urban Wilderness”

The concept of wilderness (荒野) has multiple characteristics and values relating to three principal areas: biological, socio-economic, and iconic. To provide clarity of concept, the term was included in the IUCN’s list of Protected Area Categories in 1992. More recently, a current and fashionable expression “urban wilderness” has emerged. For those who believe in the critical importance of natural wilderness areas to the future health and wellbeing of our planet, and who work to protect these areas, the term “urban wilderness” causes much consternation. It is very possible that such usages will create confusion in the mind of urban dwellers—now the majority of the global population—as to what “real” wilderness is. By definition, cities cannot be “wilderness” technically. However, elements of wilderness can and should be present in and around urban areas to enhance human health and quality of life. Rather than calling this urban wilderness, however, the term should be “urban wildness (野境).” This paper presents a rationale for using “urban wildness” to replace “urban wilderness,” citing some of the characteristics and benefits of urban wildness; provides case studies of urban areas that are working successfully with the concept; elucidates the role and challenges of wild animals (especially predators) in urban areas; and finally, gives an example of an engagement and educational methodology connecting urban dwellers to wild values and benefits.     

Befugnis; Baumeister; Pflasterergewerbe

Für die Prüfung des "geringen Umfanges" im Sinne des § 32 Abs 1 Z 2 GewO ist bei Kernt?tigkeiten des Pflasterergewerbes auf die wirtschaftliche Unterordnung sowie auf den Inhalt der erg?nzenden Leistungen und deren Gesamtumfang abzustellen.     

PLANT’S-EYE VIEWS OF TAIPEI

The installation of “Plant’s-Eye Views of Taipei” is the result of an international workshop that took place in Taipei in summer 2018, organized as part of the 2018 Taipei Biennial. Under the direction of two participating artists, and with the help from ecologists and videographers, university students from the Asia-Pacific region each imagined themselves as a particular plant. Students began by examining the physiology of selected plants to better understand their characteristics and life histories, as well as their adaptive features and ecosystem behaviors. In viewing themselves as plants, students were able to see Taipei through a new lens as a place coproduced by the city’s urban flora and human communities. The installation including scaffolds, sketches, and films was exhibited at the Taipei Fine Arts Museum to explore different ways through which plants view the city, as well as notions of anthropomorphism, phytomorphism, and phototropism.     

The Localization of “Imported” Urban Form in Northeast China: The Case Study on Circular–Radial Space in Dalian City

After the “imported” urban forms, which originated from foreign cultures, were transplanted into Chinese cities, they generate brand-new urbanscape but suffer from a lack of cultural roots and a disconnection with the mainstream of contemporary urban planning. Thus, their current value and potential in urban renewal are questioned. The study takes the circular–radial space from the Baroque cities as an example to clarify the motivation of its import from the west to northeast China. It further clarifies their adaptive changes in form and function in the local urban context, through a case study on Dalian City. The study finds that different geometric patterns of existing circular–radial space were influenced by European, American, and Japanese urban planning theories to varying degrees, but with equal emphasis on symbolism and functionality. Their implementation in Dalian has a continuity in time and space. But due to the changes in topography, traffic, and planning concepts, their forms and functions tend to be independent, their connection weakens, and their importance recedes after the street network. The circular–radial space in Dalian led to distinctive urbanscape. But during their inheritance and transformation, the rationality of new forms and functions, as well as the necessity of continuing the initial ones need to be dialectically considered, so as to avoid dogmatic revival and antique reproduction. Finally, the study reconsiders the concept of “localization” of “imported” urban form, and constructs a general research pattern to provide a new perspective for understanding the transformation of similar types of urban forms.     

Fristberechnung; Teilnahmeantrag; Ausschreibungsbestimmungen

Bei der Frist für die Einbringung des Antrages auf Nichtigerkl?rung von Ausschreibungsbestimmungen handelt es sich um eine verfahrensrechtliche Frist, für deren Berechnung §§ 32 und 33 AVG ma?geblich sind.     

Der Eurocode 2 für Deutschland – Erläuterungen und Hintergründe

Der neue Eurocode 2: “Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetontragwerken – Teil 1‐1: Allgemeine Bemessungsregeln und Regeln für den Hochbau” (EC2‐1‐1) mit seinem Nationalen Anhang ist nach einer ausführlichen Erprobungsphase bereit zur bauaufsichtlichen Einführung in Deutschland. In mehreren Beiträgen sollen Erläuterungen und Hintergründe zu einigen Regelungen im Eurocode 2 und zu den Entscheidungen für Regeln im Nationalen Anhang vorgestellt werden, die entweder zu Änderungen gegenüber DIN 1045‐1 oder zu Abweichungen vom Eurocode 2 führten. Der Teil 1 gibt zunächst eine Übersicht über die maßgeblichen europäischen Normen und führt in den Nationalen Anhang ein. The Eurocode 2 for Germany – Explanations and Backgrounds. Part 1: Introduction in the National Annex The new Eurocode 2 “Design of concrete structures – Part 1‐1: General rules and rules for buildings” (EC2‐1‐1) and its National Annex has undergone a phase of detailed testing and is now ready for the implementation in Germany. In some articles should be given explanations and backgrounds of some rules in Eurocode 2 and of decisions for rules in the National Annex, which have been taken either to changes compared with DIN 1045‐1 or to differences to Eurocode 2. Article 1 gives an overview about the important European standards and introduces in the National Annex.     

“Wheelchair slow transit” system-based elderly auxiliary travel mode

Based on research of the current situation and analysis result of a case study in the Nanjing region, this paper proposes a “wheelchair slow transit”(WST) system-based elderly auxiliary travel mode. The system involves three fundamental composition frames, namely, support, transit components, and connection components. Each component is designed as an armrest, ground track, or vertical type to respond to actual demands. Thus, this system may be adaptable to diverse conditions. Taking Xiangpuying community as a case study, the author examined the application of the WST auxiliary mode in particular communities. The WST system helps to increase the accessibility of existing public areas, creates a safe community traffic environment, improves municipal facilities, and strengthens universal design. The study intends to provide a reference to obtain a complete aged care design and to build a comfortable and livable aged care community environment.     

CAT’S EYE — AN INTELLIGENT INVESTIGATION TOOL FOR URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN

Under the backdrop of refinement of urban governance and the increasingly broad application of information technology, an urgent demand for intelligent investigation has emerged among urban planning and design professions. Cat’s Eye, an intelligent investigation tool developed by UrbanXYZ, operates with position information of survey photos and computational vision technology, realizing spatial mapping and photo management in investigations of medium- and small-scale planning and design projects. The Cat’s Eye applet is designed to collect information of spatial setting, facility / amenity conditions, and human behaviors and activities; and its PC terminal is developed for higher investigation needs such as result visualization, video analysis, and data management. This article introduces the product architecture, technical innovation, interface and operation, and investigation methods of Cat's Eye. Furthermore, by combining authentic cases, the article illustrates how Cat’s Eye investigates the spatial setting, facility / amenity, and human behaviors in survey areas. Finally, the article prospects the future of intelligent investigation tools.     

Simulation of steel beam under ceiling jet based on a wind–fire–structure coupling model

For localized fires, it is necessary to consider the thermal and mechanical responses of building elements subject to uneven heating under the influence of wind. In this paper, the thermomechanical phenomena experienced by a ceiling jet and I-beam in a structural fire were simulated. Instead of applying the concept of adiabatic surface temperature (AST) to achieve fluid–structure coupling, this paper proposes a new computational fluid dynamics–finite element method numerical simulation that combines wind, fire, thermal, and structural analyses. First, to analyze the velocity and temperature distributions, the results of the numerical model and experiment were compared in windless conditions, showing good agreement. Vortices were found in the local area formed by the upper and lower flanges of the I-beam and the web, generating a local high-temperature zone and enhancing the heat transfer of convection. In an incoming-flow scenario, the flame was blown askew significantly; the wall temperature was bimodally distributed in the axial direction. The first temperature peak was mainly caused by radiative heat transfer, while the second resulted from convective heat transfer. In terms of mechanical response, the yield strength degradation in the highest-temperature region in windless conditions was found to be significant, thus explaining the stress distribution of steel beams in the fire field. The mechanical response of the overall elements considering the incoming flows was essentially elastic.     

城市需要怎样的儿童基础设施—儿童权利导向型城市空间建设

This article reviews the concepts of child rights and Child Friendly City at first and underlines that essentially Child Friendly City construction is to protect and guarantee child rights. By examining China’s reality of the design practice for children, the author points out that to build a Child Friendly City, two challenges must be addressed: interpreting child rights in different societal and cultural contexts, and mitigating interest conflicts between the protection of child rights with the current urban construction. In response, the author emphasizes the importance to build child’s infrastructure that is devised to serve varied scenarios, purposes, and childhoods, as well as the fact that this is not a once-forall investment but requires an evolving planning mechanism. Finally, the article states that children’s participation is the key to Child Friendly City construction and the greatest challenge to local implementation, which asks for long-term capacity building for children’s participation and strong support by a top-down management system.     

(Lager-)Container; bauliche Anlage; Geb?ude; baubewilligungspflichtige Ma?nahmen

Die Aufstellung von fünf (Lager-) Containern (hier: im Ausma? von je ca 12,50 × 2,40 × 2,50 m) ist baubewilligungspflichtig.     

Kaufvertrag; (etwaiger) Dissens; Grundbuchsverfahren

Ein nach dem Vertragswortlaut nicht auszuschlie?ender Dissens der Vertragsparteien über die Haftung für bücherliche Lasten der Liegenschaft im Innenverh?ltnis (hier: immerhin in H?he des halben Kaufpreises) ist geeignet, Bedenken am Bestehen eines gültigen Rechtsgrunds zu erwecken, die im Grundbuchverfahren nicht zu beseitigen sind.     

Bauarbeitenkoordination; Arbeitnehmerschutz; Bun-desgesetzgebungskompetenzen; Kompetenzbegriff "Arbeitsrecht"

Der Bund ist zur Erlassung von Vorschriften, die den Bauherrn zur allgemeinen Gefahrenverhütung bei der Vorbereitung des Bauprojektes (wenn auch zwecks besserer Wahrnehmung des Arbeit-nehmerschutzes durch die Arbeitgeber) verpflichten, nicht zust?ndig.