胰岛素瘤患者动态血糖谱的特点及意义

目的分析胰岛素瘤患者动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)血糖谱的特点,探讨CGMS在胰岛素瘤诊断中的价值。方法应用CGMS对6例经病理证实的胰岛素瘤患者(胰岛素瘤组)进行连续3 d的血糖监测,分析CGMS的平均血糖水平(MBG)、M-valueof Schlichtkrull(M-value)、血糖分布频率及低血糖事件,监测结果与5例新诊断2型糖尿病伴低血糖患者(糖尿病组)及6例正常糖调节者(对照组)进行比较。结果①胰岛素瘤组M-value显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而MBG两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。糖尿病组M-value及MBG均高于胰岛素瘤组及对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。②6例胰岛素瘤患者CGMS监测期间共发生36次低血糖事件,持续时间为3.6 h/d,其中21次(58.3%)发生于夜间;5例糖尿病患者共发生7次低血糖事件,持续时间为0.17 h/d,其中4次(57.1%)发生于夜间。③对照组99.2%的血糖波动于3.9～7.8 mmol/L;胰岛素瘤组血糖2.8～3.9mmol/L及≤2.8 mmol/L的分布频率均显著高于糖尿病组(P<0.01),而7.8～11.1 mmol/L及≥11.1 mmol/L的分布频率则低于糖尿病组(P<0.05和P<0.01)。结论CGMS可进一步分析低血糖的时间分布、类型及原因,结合M-value等血糖参数,有助于胰岛素瘤诊断水平的提高。     

胰岛素瘤患者动态血糖谱的特点及意义

目的 分析胰岛素瘤患者动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)血糖谱的特点,探讨CGMS在胰岛素瘤诊断中的价值.方法 应用CGMS对6例经病理证实的胰岛素瘤患者(胰岛素瘤组)进行连续3 d的血糖监测,分析CGMS的平均血糖水平(MBG)、M-value of Schlichtkrull(M-value)、血糖分布频率及低血糖事件,监测结果与5例新诊断2型糖尿病伴低血糖患者(糖尿病组)及6例正常糖调节者(对照组)进行比较.结果 ①胰岛素瘤组M-value显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),而MBG两组间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).糖尿病组M-value及MBG均高于胰岛素瘤组及对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).②6例胰岛素瘤患者CGMS监测期间共发生36次低血糖事件,持续时间为3.6 h/d,其中21次(58.3%)发生于夜间;5例糖尿病患者共发生7次低血糖事件,持续时间为0.17h/d,其中4次(57.1%)发生于夜间.③对照组99.2%的血糖波动于3.9～7.8 mmol/L;胰岛素瘤组血糖2.8～3.9 mmol/L及≤2.8 mmoL/L的分布频率均显著高于糖尿病组(P＜0.01),而7.8～11.1 mmoL/L及≥11.1 mmol/L的分布频率则低于糖尿病组(P＜0.05和P＜0.01).结论 CGMS可进一步分析低血糖的时间分布、类型及原因,结合M-value等血糖参数,有助于胰岛素瘤诊断水平的提高.     

功能性胰岛瘤31例诊治体会

目的：分析功能性胰岛瘤误诊原因，评价多种定位诊断和术中监测措施。方法：该院近15年收治胰岛素31例，23例出现典型的Whipple三联症，病程中曾误诊为癔病7例，癫痫5例，精神分裂症4例，脑血栓2例，脑出血及散发性脑炎各1例，误诊率达64．5％（20／31）。空腹血糖或发作血糖平均为2．1mmol/L，空腹血胰岛素平均为31．7mIU/L.B超及电子计算机机层扫描（CT）检查阳性率分别为38．7％（12／31）、40．7％（11／27）。结果：术中探查门诊正确率为100％（31／31），其中27例行单纯胰岛素瘤摘除术，2例行胰体尾切除术，2例胰颈部肿瘤摘除及胰体尾空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。肿瘤切除后血糖即显著升高，2－5min,15min,30min,60min,90min,120min,180min,24h,48h,72h血糖均值分别为5．9、7．7、8．4、9．7、11．6、13．4、13．6、13．5、11．8、9．3mmol/L结论：（1）误诊原因；胰岛素瘤少见，低血糖症有多种原因，检查方法存在局限。（2）诊断方面：关键是考虑到此病，定位诊断尤为重要，以术中的细致触诊最为重要。（3）术中活检和动态血糖监测是减少手术失误的可靠保证。     

动态血糖监测系统探讨胰岛素瘤患者日间与夜间的血糖波动

目的 通过动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)分析胰岛素瘤患者日间与夜间血糖谱特点,探讨CGMS在胰岛素瘤诊断中的价值.方法 选择2006年3月～2012年6月在南京医科大学附属南京第一医院住院胰岛素瘤患者12例,均进行连续3d的动态血糖监测,比较日间与夜间平均血糖水平、最高血糖、最低血糖、平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)、最大血糖波动幅度(LAGE)及低血糖发生率,并分析CGMS监测结果与胰岛素释放指数(IRI/G)的相关性.结果 胰岛素瘤患者日间平均血糖水平[(5.23±1.33)mmol/L]、日间血糖最高值[(9.83±2.36)mmol/L]、日间MAGE[(6.27±1.37) mmol/L]及LAGE[(8.25±2.24)mmol/L]均高于夜间[(4.18±1.19)、(7.34±1.97)、(4.38±1.22)、(6.37±2.11)mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);夜间低血糖发生率(63.4％)高于日间(36.6％),差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05).相关分析显示全天平均血糖波动幅度与胰岛素释放指数呈正相关(r=0.624,P=0.008).结论 胰岛素瘤患者日间血糖波动较大,夜间低血糖风险大,CGMS在胰岛素瘤临床诊治中具有重要价值.     

动态监测糖耐量正常者血糖水平的漂移变化

目的　探查糖耐量正常 (NGT)者日内血糖水平漂移变化的细节。方法　采用动态血糖监测系统 (CGMS)对 4 3例NGT进行连续 (72± 7)h血糖监测。结果　本组受试者的血糖水平呈波动性变化 ,夜间及 3餐前是血糖较低的时间段 ,日内血糖高峰多于餐后 1～ 2h显现 ,尤以晚餐后为甚。本组NGT的平均血糖值 (5 3± 0 5 )mmol/L。日内血糖的峰、谷值分别为 (7 8± 1 4 )mmol/L、(3 9± 0 7)mmol/L ;日内血糖漂移最大幅度 (3 9± 1 6 )mmol/L。 4 3例受试者中血糖漂移 >7 8mmol/L者占 6 3% (2 7例 ) ;血糖漂移 <2 8mmol/L者占 2 1% (9例 )。血糖漂移于 3 3～ 7 0mmol/L所占的日内时间百分比为 95 (74～ 10 0 ) % ;血糖漂移于 2 8～ 7 8mmol/L的百分比达 99(87～10 0 ) %。结论　本研究结果有助于较为详细地认识正常人的血糖漂移变化 ,并对探讨糖尿病诊断的血糖分割点及血糖控制目标具有重要意义。     

糖耐量低减者和新诊断2型糖尿病者动态血糖谱的特点

目的采用动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)了解糖耐量低减(IGT)者和新诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)者动态血糖谱的特点,以便指导制定合理的干预治疗方案。方法对6例糖耐量正常(NGT)者、10例IGT者和20例新诊断T2DM者的CGMS资料进行分析。结果(1)随着糖耐量受损加重,CGMS平均血糖值、血糖值标准差、血糖≥7.8mmol/L时间百分比等逐渐升高(均P<0.05),CGMS血糖谱波动幅度逐渐增加。(2)IGT组餐后血糖达峰值时间为餐后109min±32min,全天血糖≥7.8mmol/L时间为3.0h±0.8h;新诊断的T2DM组餐后血糖达峰值时间为92min±22min,全天血糖≥11.1mmol/L时间为12.6h±1.3h。IGT组和新诊断T2DM组中,早餐后血糖上升速度较快、幅度较高且持续时间较长。结论(1)CGMS检查能比较准确地显示IGT者和新诊断T2DM者动态血糖波动规律,有利于指导制定针对性的干预治疗方案。(2)IGT者全天持续约3h血糖≥7.8mmol/L。(3)随着糖耐量受损加重,餐后血糖上升速度加快、峰值增高,血糖曲线波动幅度逐渐增加。     

动态血糖监测系统在改善老年2型糖尿病患者血糖控制中的应用

目的探讨动态血糖监测系统（continuous glucose monitoring system,CGMS）在老年2型糖尿病患者降糖治疗中的指导作用。方法选取200例老年2型糖尿病患者,随机分为强化血糖监测组（CGMS组）和常规血糖监测组（self-monitoring of blood glucose,SMBG组）。CGMS组患者行3 d CGMS监测,SMBG组采用八点法测定血糖值,分别根据各自血糖监测结果调整治疗方案,2周后两组患者均佩戴3 d CGMS。比较两组患者血糖控制情况,同时比较CGMS组治疗前后血糖波动情况。结果CGMS组患者血清糖化清蛋白（GA）、平均血糖水平（MBG）、平均血糖漂移幅度（MAGE）〔分别为（17.0&#177;2.9）%、（7.5&#177;3.2）mmol/L、（3.2&#177;1.0）〕显著低于SMBG组〔分别为（18.5&#177;4.1）%、（9.9&#177;3.0）mmol/L、（5.6&#177;2.1）〕。CGMS组调整治疗后GA、MBG、MAGE较治疗前〔分别为（21.8&#177;5.0）%、（11.6&#177;3.6）mmol/L和（5.5&#177;1.1）〕显著下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论CGMS监测血糖调整治疗后患者血糖控制情况显著优于常规监测的患者;根据CGMS结果调整治疗方案后患者血糖波动情况明显改善,CGMS是改善血糖控制效果的有效工具。     

糖代谢相关指标对诊断胰岛素瘤的临床价值

目的 分析糖代谢相关指标对"胰岛素瘤"定性诊断的临床价值.方法 研究对象为2006年1月至2009年11月在上海交通大学附属第六人民医院内分泌科以"低血糖症"收治的31例患者.入院后进行连续动态血糖监测(CGMS)并取血样检测糖化血红蛋白(Hbalc)、糖化血清白蛋白(GA),次晨进行延迟口服葡萄糖耐量(OGTT)及同步胰岛素、C肽释放试验,分为糖耐量受损或糖尿病组、功能性低血糖组,胰岛素瘤组.结果 (1)胰岛素瘤组中Hbalc(4.49±0.63)%、行OGTT时的空腹血糖(3.44±0.78)mmol/L及CGMS检测到的最低血糖(2.31±0.24)mmol/L均低于糖耐量受损或糖尿病组、功能性低血糖组[Hbalc分别为(5.60±0.25)%,(5.28±0.48)%,P=0.002];空腹血糖分别为[(4.82±0.35)mmol/L,(4.70±0.49)mmol/L,P=0.001];CGMS检测到的最低血糖分别为[(3.28±0.45)mmol/L,(3.28±0.99)mmol/L;P=0.015].而胰岛素瘤组中胰岛索释放指数(IRI)(0.38±0.07)、C肽指数(CPI)(0.03±0.01)高于糖耐鼍受损或糖尿病组、功能性低血糖组(IRI分别为0.11±0.06,0.16±0.03,P=0.002;CPI分别为0.02±0.01,0.02±0.01;P=0.023).(2)ROC曲线分析:Hbalc、行OGTT时的空腹血糖、IRI、CPI及CGMS检测到的最低血糖作为诊断指标的曲线下面积分别为0.875、0.955、0.974、0.848、0.916.结论 Hbalc、行CGTT时的空腹血糖、IRI、CPI及CGMS检测到的最低血糖均对胰岛素瘤定性诊断具有较好的临床价值.     

动态血糖监测系统的临床应用与护理

目的总结动态血糖监测系统的临床应用与护理经验。方法对我院干部科16例2型糖尿病患者采用动态血糖监测系统（CGMS）监测血糖动态变化情况。结果本组患者动态血糖监测有效时间为68.3-71.9小时,平均（69.68±1.64）小时,葡萄糖均值5.5-9.7mmol/L,平均（7.52±1.33）mmol/L,空腹葡萄糖均值4.8-9.9 mmol/L,平均（6.5±1.7）mmol/L,餐后2小时葡萄糖均值5.8-12.8 mmol/L,平均（9.02±1.98）mmol/L。高血糖时间比（〉7.8mmol/L）21%-84%,平均（61.75±7.54）%。结论 CGMS能全面、客观地反映病人各时段血糖水平,可用于指导制订相应的治疗方案。     

糖耐量减低患者治疗前后血糖水平的动态变化

目的:探讨糖耐量减低(impaired glucose tolerance,IGT)患者血糖漂移变化的特征。方法:选取40例新诊断的IGT患者采用动态血糖监测系统(Continuous glucose monitoring system,CGMS)对其治疗前后均进行连续3d的血糖监测,进行自身前后对照分析。结果:上述患者经2周治疗后,糖代谢紊乱明显缓解。40例患者治疗前后平均血糖值[(7.8±1.3)mmol/L对(6.5±1.2)mmol/L](P<0.05);日内血糖峰值[(9.4±1.5)mmol/L对(7.4±1.4)mmol/L](P<0.05)。治疗后血糖>7.8mmol/L及8.9mmol/L的时间百分比与治疗前比较均显著降低[13(0~29)%对5(0~21)%,6(0~18)%对2(0~13)%,P<0.05]。结论:动态血糖监测能评估IGT患者血糖漂移变化的特征,有利于指导制定针对性的干预治疗方案。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.