城镇初中生幸福感特点及其与家庭环境的关系

目的探讨初中生幸福感的特点及其与家庭环境的关系。方法采用幸福感量表和家庭环境量表中文版对950名中学生进行测量。结果1城镇初中女生在自主性(t=3.13,P0.01)、掌控环境(t=4.51,P0.001)、个人成长(t=3.63,P0.001)、他人关系(t=6.29,P0.001)、生活目标(t=5.44,P0.001)自我接纳(t=2.98,P0.01)和幸福感总分(t=5.85,P0.001)上均明显高于城镇男生;2不同年级的初中生在自主性、他人关系和生活目标3个方面存在显著差异;3城镇初中生的幸福感总体水平及各个维度与家庭环境的4个因子均呈显著相关,与家庭的亲密度、家庭的知识性和组织性呈显著正相关,与家庭的矛盾性呈显著的负相关。结论城镇初中女生的幸福感高于男生;城镇初中生的家庭环境越好,他们的幸福感越高。     

创伤性脊髓损伤患者家庭亲密度和适应性

目的:探讨脊髓损伤患者家庭亲密度和适应性的现状以及影响因素。方法:采用一般资料调查表和家庭亲密度和适应性量表中文版对186例脊髓损伤病人进行调查。结果:髓损伤患者实际家庭亲密度评分(66.25±6.77),高于国内常模(t=4.74,P=0.000);实际家庭适应性评分(47.91±9.12),低于国内常模(t=-4.472,P=0.000)。回归分析显示,实际家庭亲密度的主要影响因素是婚姻状况、并发症(R~2=0.254,F=75.930,P=0.000);实际家庭适应性的主要影响因素是文化程度、家庭收入(R~2=0.313,F=13.054,P=0.000)。结论:临床护士应该根据脊髓损伤患者家庭亲密度和适应性的特点,提供有针对性的支持和干预,发挥家庭功能在脊髓损伤患者康复治疗中的作用。     

608名中小学生掩饰性状况及相关因素

目的 调查北京中小学生的掩饰性状况及相关因素,使今后针对青少年的心理咨询、思想教育更科学化,更有效.方法 选择北京市东城区某学校二至九年级,每个年级随机选取两个班的学生作答艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)和家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV),对608份有效EPQ的掩饰性进行描述统计及相关因素分析.结果 全体学生掩饰性为51.32±9.63;其中男生全体高于女生全体,干部高于群众,经两独立样本t检验,掩饰性差异均无统计学意义.不同人群(女生、男生、干部、群众、全体)掩饰性分布具有一致性,均呈负偏态分布.二年级的掩饰性最高,五年级的掩饰性最低,六、七、八年级的掩饰性增高,九年级又降至到了次低点.经单因素方差分析,二年级与五年级、九年级,四年级与五年级、九年级,七年级与五年级间掩饰性差异有统计学意义.二至九年级同年级的两个班独立样本t检验,掩饰性差异均无统计学意义.掩饰性与亲密度呈正的线性相关关系,与矛盾性呈负的线性相关关系.结论 北京作为大城市,中小学生不同性别的掩饰性差异在缩小,心理成熟在推迟,青春期学生的身心发展不平衡的矛盾突出,家庭环境的差异、家庭成员间互动模式的不同影响着中小学生个性特征的形成.     

注意缺陷多动障碍共患对立违抗障碍儿童的家庭环境因素

目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)共患对立违抗障碍(ODD)的儿童家庭环境特点及家庭危险因素。方法:选取符合DSM-5诊断的140例ADHD儿童(伴ODD亚组34例、不伴ODD亚组106例),正常对照儿童45例,由父母填写一般情况问卷和家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)。采取多重回归分析探讨ADHD、ADHD共患ODD的家庭相关因素。结果:多重回归分析显示,儿童月龄越低(β=-0.03,P0.01)、家庭亲密度(β=-0.50,P0.05)和组织性(β=-0.49,P0.01)越低、矛盾性(β=0.30,P0.05)越高,患ADHD的风险越大;儿童家庭矛盾性(β=0.21,P0.05)和控制性(β=0.20,P0.05)越高,ADHD儿童共患ODD的风险越大。结论:儿童月龄低、家庭亲密度和组织性低、矛盾性高是ADHD的危险因素。家庭矛盾性和控制性高是ADHD共患ODD的危险因素。     

家庭环境、人格因素对农村留守儿童主观幸福感的影响

目的探讨家庭环境、人格因素对农村留守儿童主观幸福感的影响。方法采用量表法对142名农村留守儿童的家庭环境、个性及主观幸福感进行测量。结果①农村留守儿童主观幸福感处于中等水平,积极情感略高于消极情感;②农村留守儿童中,初中组的主观幸福感大于高中组(t=1.986,P0.05),家庭环境、人格因素与主观幸福感水平相关显著;③对农村留守儿童主观幸福感有重要影响的因素为:亲密度、神经质、内外向和矛盾性(F=13.272,P0.001)。结论家庭亲密度、人格因素是影响农村留守主观幸福感的重要因素。     

大学生安全感与家庭环境因素的关系

目的了解大学生安全感与家庭环境因素的关系。方法采用家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)和安全感量表(SQ),对634名在校大学生进行调查。结果大学生安全感处于中等偏上水平,理科大学生在安全感总分和人际安全感因子的得分低于文科大学生(t=2.07,2.34;P0.05);非单亲家庭的男大学生在安全感中的确定控制感因子得分低于单亲男大学生(t=2.15,P0.05)。家庭环境亲密度、情感表达、独立性、娱乐性、道德宗教观、组织性、知识性与大学生安全感呈正相关(P0.05),家庭环境矛盾性、控制性与安全感呈负相关(P0.01);家庭环境亲密度、娱乐性、情感表达、矛盾性依次进入安全感回归方程。结论大学生家庭环境对其安全感有重要影响。大学生的安全感也因性别、家庭类型、文理科而有差别。     

海洛因依赖者家庭环境、父母教养方式及亲密度和适应性的研究

目的 探索海洛因依赖者的家庭环境、父母教养方式以及亲密度和适应性的特点。方法 采用家庭环境量表（中文版）（FES—CV）、父母教养方式评价量表（EMBU）及家庭亲密度和适应性量表（中文版）（FACESⅡ—CV）对60例海洛因依赖患者（研究组）进行评定,并与60例正常受试者（对照组）加以比较。结果 同正常对照组相比,海洛因依赖者家庭表现为低亲密度、低情感表达、低控制性以及高矛盾性（P〈0．01）。在教养方式上,海洛因依赖者父母的情感温暖因子评分较低,父亲的惩罚严厉及母亲的过度干涉、过度保护因子分较高（P〈0．05）。在亲密度和适应性方面,患者家庭的实际亲密度、实际适应性、理想亲密度和理想适应性均较对照组为差（P〈0．01）。结论 海洛因依赖者的家庭环境、父母教养方式以及亲密度和适应性方面均存在着诸多方面的问题,可能对海洛因依赖行为的形成起重要作用。     

伴对立违抗障碍的ADHD患儿相关家庭环境因素对照研究

目的:探讨伴或不伴对立违抗性障碍的注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的父母教养方式以及家庭亲密度和适应性的特点。方法:对湖南省长沙、益阳、娄底、郴州、永州、怀化六个地区进行抽样调查,共抽样9495名儿童。用二阶段流行病学调查方法,凡符合诊断标准的ADHD儿童和正常对照组儿童由儿童本人填写父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)及家庭亲密度和适应性量表(中文版)。结果:①单纯ADHD组与对照组相比,母亲的情感温暖因子得分较对照组低(P=0.017),父母亲的惩罚因子得分均明显高于对照组(P=0.000),父亲拒绝因子得分明显高于对照组(P=0.002),母亲拒绝因子得分明显高于对照组(P=0.000),父亲的过度保护因子得分较高于对照组(P=0.028)。②ADHD ODD与对照组相比,父亲的情感温暖因子得分明显低于对照组(P=0.002),母亲的情感温暖因子得分明显低于对照组(P=0.003),父母亲的惩罚,拒绝及父亲的过度保护因子得分均明显高于对照组(P=0.000)。③ADHD ODD与对照组相比,实际亲密度因子得分明显低于对照组(P=0.001),理想亲密度因子得分较对照组低(P=0.012)。结论:伴或不伴对立违抗的ADHD患儿的父母教养方式以及家庭亲密度和适应性方面均存在着诸多方面的问题。     

医学生幸福感状况及影响因素

目的研究医学生幸福感状况及其影响因素。方法采用总体幸福感量表(GWB)、大学生幸福感影响因素调查表(AFW-US),以年级为单位采取分层抽样的方法抽取某医学院378名医学生调查后,对结果进行分析。结果①女医学生总体幸福感水平高于全国女大学生常模(t=9.929,P=0.000),男医学生与男大学生常模差异无统计学意义(t=1.142,P=0.256);②医学生中女生总体幸福感水平高于男生(t=2.068,P=0.039);年级、专业、月均消费、家庭所在地不同的医学生幸福感水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);③医学生总体幸福感与自我意识、学校学习、人际交往、家庭环境呈正相关关系(P0.05);逐步回归分析显示,影响医学生总体幸福感的主要因素为家庭环境、自我意识和学校学习。结论医学生总体幸福感状况较好,提高医学生幸福感应从家庭环境、学校学习和自我意识方面着手。     

高中生家庭亲密度、适应性与心理亚健康的关系

目的:了解高中生家庭亲密度、适应性与心理亚健康的关系,为促进青少年心理健康提供依据.方法:抽取山东省某市1286名高中生,利用青少年亚健康多维评定问卷、家庭亲密度和适应性量表中文版进行问卷调查.结果:女生在家庭亲密度上显著高于男生(t=-2.38,P＜0.05),重点学校、城市学生及独生子女在家庭亲密度和适应性上均高于...     

Association between functional alterations of senescence and senility and disorders of gait and balance

OBJECTIVES:

Declines in cognition and mobility are frequently observed in the elderly, and it has been suggested that the appearance of gait disorders in older individuals may constitute a marker of cognitive decline that precedes significant findings in functional performance screening tests. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between functional capacities and gait and balance in an elderly community monitored by the Preventive and Integrated Care Unit of the Hospital Adventista Silvestre in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

METHODS:

Elderly individuals (193 females and 90 males) were submitted to a broad geriatric evaluation, which included the following tests: 1) a performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) to evaluate gait; 2) a mini-mental state examination (MMSE); 3) the use of Katz and Lawton scales to assess functional capacity; 4) the application of the geriatric depression scale (GDS); and 5) a mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) scale.

RESULTS:

Reductions in MMSE, Katz and Lawton scores were associated with reductions in POMA scores, and we also observed that significant reductions in POMA scores were present in persons for whom the MMSE and Katz scores did not clearly indicate cognitive dysfunction. We also demonstrated that a decline in the scores obtained with the GDS and MNA scales was associated with a decline in the POMA scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering that significant alterations in the POMA scores were observed prior to the identification of significant alterations in cognitive capacity using either the MMSE or the Katz systems, a prospective study seems warranted to assess the predictive capacity of POMA scores regarding the associated decline in functional capacity.     

Alterations of regular and mature monocytes are distinct,and dependent of intensity and duration of exercise

Circulating monocytes comprise functionally distinct regular (CD14^bright+) and mature (CD141^low+) cells. Cell surface receptors were determined by three colour flow cytometry in 8 healthy control subjects. Compared to regular monocytes, mature monocytes had lower levels of the high affinity Fcy receptor 1 (CD64), complement receptor 3 (CDllb), CD45RO and higher levels for HLA-DR, LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), CD45RA and the Fc receptor 3 (CD16). Both regular and mature monocytes were measured before and up to three hours after four different types of exercise (Ex) in endurance trained athletes (n=9-16). Immediately after anaerobic exercise of I min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of I2.3 (SD I.4) mmol · l^–1 and exhaustive exercise of 24 (SD 8) min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of 7.4 (SD 2.6) mmol· l^–1 mature monocytes increased more than regular monocytes. Exhaustive endurance exercise of 87 (SD 21) min [la_max 3.7 (SD I.0)] led to a similar increase of regular and mature monocytes. 15–33 min after a 100km run regular monocytes increased significantly, whereas mature monocytes decreased. Up to three hours after the end of all exercises mature monocytes fell below pre-exercise values. In conclusion, duration and intensity of exercise alter distinct maturation stages of monocytes differently. It is probable that the avidity of adhesion molecules like LFA-1 to their endothelial ligands is increased to enable the firm attachment to the endothelium.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...     

男性乳腺发育症临床病理分析及雌,孕激素受体检测

对１１３例男性乳腺发育症进行临床病理分析。同时检测其中３０例乳腺组织中雌激素受体和孕激素受体分布情况，结果发现两者阳性率分别为８０．０％和８３．３３％。结合文献讨论了男性乳腺发育症的发生与高血清激素浓度及乳腺组织高受体水平的关系。     

韧带和肌腱的生物力学和力学生物学研究

国际韧带和肌腱研讨会(The International Symposium on Ligaments and Tendons,ISI&T)于2000年在美国佛罗里达州奥兰多市首次召开。研讨会的宗旨是引起对韧带和肌腱研究的重视,并为生物工程师、生物学家、临床医师提供一个可以分享、评论、讨论韧带和肌腱最新研究成果的论坛。从2000年起,国际韧带和肌腱研讨会已经开展了15届;每届研讨会上涌现了大量令人振奋的关于当前韧带和肌腱研究热点和未来挑战的讨论。多年来,韧带和肌腱领域内的研究数量大幅增加,研究质量不断提升。为纪念《医用生物力学》杂志创刊30周年,本文总结过去30年里韧带和肌腱研究的主要进展,包括组织力学、力学生物学、损伤与治愈机制、组织修复和再生。     

Morphology and cytochemistry of leucocytes and thrombocytes of six species of fish

Cytochemical reactions of blood leucocytes and thrombocytes from six species of fish, rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), coho salmon (Onchorhynchus kisutch), white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), goldfish (Carassius auratus), striped bass (Morone saxatulis), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were determined. Because the staining reactions were generally similar to the reactions found in mammalian leucocytes with similar morphological features, it is reasonable to classify fish leucocytes using the same terminology as is used for mammalian leucocytes. However, in some species leucocytes with features similar to mammalian eosinophils or basophils were not found. In goldfish leucocytes were found that had segmented nuclei and unstained, moderately refractile cytoplasmic granules. These cells were classified as segmented, granular leucocytes. Although these cells do not appear similar to any mammalian or avian leucocyte, the pattern of positive cytoplasmic alkaline phosphatase staining and negative granular staining is similar to that of equine eosinophils.     

Pathology and genetics of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma

Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PHEO/PGL) are rare tumours with an estimated annual incidence of 3 per million. Advances in molecular understanding have led to the recognition that at least 30–40% arise in the setting of hereditary disease. Germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase genes SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD and SDHAF2 are the most prevalent of the more than 19 hereditary genetic abnormalities which have been reported. It is therefore recommended that, depending on local resources and availability, at least some degree of genetic testing should be offered to all PHEO/PGL patients, including those with clinically sporadic disease. It is now accepted that that all PHEO/PGL have some metastatic potential; therefore, concepts of benign and malignant PHEO/PGL have no meaning and have been replaced by a risk stratification approach. Although there is broad acceptance that certain features, including high proliferative activity, invasive growth, increased cellularity, large tumour nests and comedonecrosis, are associated with an increased risk of metastasis, it remains difficult to predict the clinical behaviour of individual tumours and no single risk stratification scheme is endorsed or in widespread use. In this review, we provide an update on advances in the pathology and genetics of PHEO/PGL with an emphasis on the changes introduced in the WHO 2017 classification of endocrine neoplasia relevant to practising surgical pathologists.     

壬基酚与卵清蛋白的结合与鉴定

目的：合成壬基酚与卵清蛋白的偶联物。方法：在磷酸盐（PBS，pH=8．0）缓冲液中利用甲醛通过曼尼希反应连接壬基酚与卵清蛋白（OVA）；通过抗体芯片技术与紫外扫描鉴定偶联物。结果：壬基酚与OVA偶联成功，壬基酚单克隆抗体对偶联物的识别浓度小于2．68μg／ml。结论：本方法可用于壬基酚与卵清蛋白的偶联，且方法简单易实现。