双通道气流式喷嘴雾化特性实验研究

以清水和空气为实验介质,对同轴双通道气流式喷嘴雾化特性进行了实验研究,分析了喷淋量对雾化角及径向流通量分布的影响,分别考察了气速和喷嘴轴向位置对液滴索特平均直径(SMD)的影响。研究结果表明,喷嘴径向流通量分布随着雾化气量的升高而趋于集中,当气体流量高于1500 L/min时,雾化角随着气量升高而降低;喷口处气速与喷嘴轴向位置均是影响液滴SMD与粒径分布的重要因素,液滴SMD随着气速增大逐渐减小,当气速超过150 m/s时其下降趋势变缓,粒径分布均匀度显著提高;随着喷嘴轴向距离增大液滴SMD逐渐减小,当距离大于300 mm时其变化不再显著,但粒径分布均匀度显著提高。     

旋流压力式喷嘴低压喷淋液滴粒径的实验研究

以自来水为喷淋介质,对旋流压力式喷嘴低压喷淋液滴粒径进行了测试,分析了压力、喷孔直径和喷嘴流量对液滴索特平均直径(d_(SMD))的影响规律,研究了旋流压力式喷嘴液滴尺寸的分布规律。采用跨径(K)和均匀度指数(N)来揭示喷嘴低压喷淋质量。实验结果表明,d_(SMD)较大,超过250μm；d_(SMD)随喷孔直径增大而增大,随压力和喷嘴流量增大而减小；喷淋液滴尺寸分布均匀性较好,K小于0．65,N大于4。实验结果可以为旋流压力式喷嘴设计和改进提供重要的实验依据。     

空气助力改善气化炉激冷室喷嘴特性的实验研究

设计了4种不同结构的用于气化炉激冷室内喷雾激冷的压力雾化喷嘴,采用马尔文激光粒度分析仪和数码单反照相机分别测量了不同压差、不同水流量等工况参数下的液滴粒径(SMD)D32分布和雾化角变化规律,并对4种喷嘴进行了优化选型。研究结果表明:雾滴粒径随压力的增加而减小,随水流量的减小而减小,空气助力可以明显改善液滴的雾化质量;雾化角随压差的增大先增大后趋于平缓;当压差增大到0.4 MPa时,雾滴粒径、雾化角等参数的变化渐趋平缓。通过比较气化炉激冷室中4种压力式雾化喷嘴的测量结果,1-2号内混式空气雾化喷嘴在4组喷嘴中具有最好的雾化效果,当气压为0.8 MPa,水流量为20 L/h时,SMD极小值为16,因此优选出喷嘴1-2作为气化炉激冷室冷模实验的定型喷嘴。     

压力式喷嘴雾化特性研究

用一操作简单的实验装置,以一定质量分数的甘油水溶液为工质,研究了压力式喷嘴雾化角、雾滴Sauter直径(SMD)与喷嘴孔径、雾化压力和粘度的关系。研究表明:雾化压力是雾化的有利因素,物料粘度是不利因素;实验条件下,压力式喷嘴雾化角随压力增大而减小,随喷嘴孔径增大而增大;在其他条件相同时,雾滴SMD随雾化压力增大而减小,随喷嘴孔径增大而增大,随物料粘度增大而增大。     

烟气脱硫旋流喷嘴雾化特性实验研究

石灰浆液雾化喷嘴是烟气脱硫系统的关键设备.对一种简式旋流石灰浆液雾化喷嘴的雾化特性进行了实验研究,分析了雾化压力、浆液浓度对雾化角、雾滴粒径分布的影响规律.实验表明:浓度增加,雾化角减小;而雾化压力对雾化角影响较小,雾化角在60°～70°之间;随着雾化压力的增大,雾化流量也增大;当雾化压力大于0.09 Mpa临界雾化压...     

喷嘴雾化参数轨迹图像法测量实验研究

针对喷嘴雾化多参数同步测量问题,提出了基于图像处理的喷嘴雾化角、雾化细度、液滴运动速度及分布参数测量方法,利用背光阴影成像技术搭建了喷嘴雾化参数测量系统,建立了基于轨迹图像法原理的喷嘴雾化参数图像处理流程与算法,利用标准颗粒测量验证了该方法对颗粒粒径测量的精度,并开展了不同孔径与压力下扇形喷嘴雾化参数同步测量实验研究。结果表明：当雾化压力不变,扇形喷嘴孔径从0.66 mm变为1.10 mm时,雾化细度与液滴平均运动速度分别增加26.82%、10.42%,而雾化角随扇形喷嘴孔径增大而减小16.66%;当扇形喷嘴孔径不变,雾化压力从0.1 MPa增加到0.4 MPa时,雾化角与液滴平均运动速度分别增加47.71%、95.10%,而雾化细度随雾化压力增加而减小44.23%。这为雾化液滴特性研究与喷嘴性能评估提供了有效手段。     

基于图像法的环雾状流液滴参数测量与分析

环雾状流广泛存在于石油化工领域,其内部流场测量具有重要意义。本文结合光学图像法和高速摄影技术对撞针式喷嘴的雾化特性进行了测量分析,以此为基础对基于雾化混合的环雾状流中夹带液滴特性开展了实验研究。利用高速摄影技术对喷雾进行可视化,采用单帧单曝光法对液滴尺寸和速度信息进行提取。研究发现,液滴速度随轴向距离增大呈衰减趋势,且相同轴向距离（约在径向位置10mm处）条件下,速度达到峰值;液滴索泰尔平均直径（SMD）随喷嘴孔径d₀的增大而增大,并与液相质量流量m_l和喷嘴上下游压差?p均呈负相关;另外,在环雾状流环境中,相同气压条件下液滴SMD随气相体积流量Q_g增大而减小,而相同气相体积流量条件下SMD随气压p_g增大而增大。基于实验测量结果,以气相韦伯数We_g和液相雷诺数Re_l为主影响参数,引入相间滑移和压力系数建立了基于量纲分析的环雾状流液滴SMD预测模型,平均绝对百分比误差MAPE为11.4672%。     

基于PLIF的浸没撞击流反应器的混合特性

利用平面激光诱导荧光技术对水平两喷嘴液-液撞击流反应器内的浓度场进行定性和定量分析,用离析度(IOS)评价时均混合效果,得到不同操作条件下IOS值沿径向射流方向的变化规律,并与三喷嘴的情况进行对比. 结果表明,喷嘴间距L、喷嘴直径D和进口流量Q对反应器混合效果有重要影响,在水平两向撞击流中,当喷嘴直径和流量一定时,随喷嘴间距增大,IOS下降速度加快,最佳间距为L/D=3;当喷嘴间距和流量一定时,随喷嘴直径增大,IOS下降更快,下降到IOS=0.05所需距离不断减小,最佳喷嘴直径D=12 mm;当喷嘴直径和喷嘴间距一定时,随流量增加,IOS下降速度先增加后减小,最佳流量Q=500′10-3 m3/h. 三喷嘴撞击流与两喷嘴变化趋势一致.     

立体传质塔板CTST喷射特性的研究

立体喷射型塔板的喷射状况对气液两相接触面积有重要影响。在直径570 mm的冷模实验塔内,采用高速摄像仪对CTST的喷射过程参数进行了实验研究,并且基于不稳定波动理论建立了液滴群平均粒径的计算模型。结果表明:喷射孔气速是影响喷射锥角的关键因素,随着喷射孔气速的增加喷射锥角逐渐增大,当喷射孔气速超过7.5 m?s-1时,喷射锥角趋于恒定,其数值稳定在55°左右。随着气速的增加喷射孔处液膜速度显著增大,而液体流量增加时液膜速度略有减小,越靠近喷射孔顶端液膜速度越大。喷射区域内液滴的分布密度接近于Rosin-Rammler分布,在喷射锥角为[20o,40o]区间内的液滴数量比较集中,随着气速和液体流量的增大,液滴分布密度逐渐趋于均匀。液滴群平均粒径随气速的增加而减小,随液量的增加略有增大。正常工作范围内,液滴群平均粒径为1.0~2.5 mm。     

转炉一次除尘新OG系统高效喷淋塔喷嘴布置方式对喷淋特性的影响

采用离散相模型对新OG系统高效喷淋塔入口段及主体段喷嘴的布置方式进行数值模拟,考察了喷嘴喷射方向和喷淋层数对雾化场气流分布和降温效果的影响。结果表明,喷嘴的喷射方向和塔内的喷淋层数对雾化场的气流分布和降温效果影响较大;喷淋塔入口段采用逆流喷射时,出口截面的速度分布最均匀且降温效果最好;高效喷淋塔的主体段的喷淋层数为5时,塔内烟气的速度流场较均匀,且中心区域的气流速度为2~4 m/s,有助于延长气体与液滴的作用时间;随喷淋层数增加,塔内温度梯度变化增大,水蒸气质量分数分布与温度分布对应,塔内的平均湍动能逐渐增高。     

增压环境下旋流式气液同轴喷油器的雾化特性

引言 在燃烧过程中,喷油器的功能是使燃料和氧化剂充分雾化和混合,以产生高效、稳定的燃烧.喷嘴的雾化燃烧特性关系到整个燃烧装置的性能及其工作稳定性[1].旋流式气液同轴喷油器拥有优良的雾化和混合特性,能够满足大范围负荷调节下的雾化质量要求,是增压锅炉喷油器的最佳选择[2].     

生物柴油浸没喷吹的雾化特性

以生物柴油替代柴油进行浸没喷吹熔池熔炼是发展低碳铜冶炼的重要途径。针对该过程建立生物柴油浸没喷吹雾化流动过程计算模型,本文模拟计算了喷枪在水模型中浸没深度为20mm时不同油气比条件下生物柴油雾化颗粒的雾化特性,并实验验证了计算模型。研究结果表明：油滴颗粒的贯穿距随着空气流速的增加而增大;在气泡内油滴颗粒以一定的雾化半角向前扩散;当油滴颗粒到达气泡底部时,油滴颗粒以气泡底部平面为中心向整个空间扩散;气泡内距离喷枪轴向越远的观察面内大颗粒数目越多;油滴颗粒的索特平均直径（SMD）沿喷枪轴向先增大后减小;气泡内距喷枪口越远油滴颗粒SMD越大,进入水区域的油滴颗粒SMD逐渐减小;雾化空气流速越大,油滴颗粒SMD最大值的位置距喷口越远。     

Experimental investigation and model improvement on the atomization performance of single-hole Y-jet nozzle with high liquid flow rate

Y-jet nozzle, as an efficient multi-hole internal-mixing twin-fluid atomizer, has been widely used for liquid fuel spray in many industrial processes. However, single-hole Y-jet nozzle with high liquid flow rate is indispensable in some confined situations due to a small spray cone angle. In this paper, the atomization performance of single-hole Y-jet nozzles with high liquid mass flow rates ranging from 400 to 1500 kg/h for practical semidry flue gas desulfurization processes was investigated by the laser particle size analyzer, and the effects of spray water pressure, atomizing air pressure and air to liquid mass flow ratio on the liquid mass flow rate and the droplet size distribution were analyzed. Moreover, the secondary atomization model was modified on the basis of previous random atomization model of Y-jet nozzle. The predicted results agreed well with the experimental ones, and the improved atomization model of Y-jet nozzle was well validated to design the nozzle geometry and to predict the droplet size distributions for single-hole Y-jet nozzle with high liquid mass flow rate.     

Predictive models for characterizing the atomization process in pyrolysis of methyl ricinoleate

Pyrolysis of methyl ricinoleate(MR) can produce undecylenic acid methyl ester and heptanal which are important chemicals. Atomization feeding favors the heat exchange in the pyrolysis process and hence increases the product yield. Herein, predictive models to characterize the atomization process were developed. The effect of spray distance on Sauter mean diameter(SMD) of atomized MR droplets was examined, with the optimal spray distance to be 40–50 mm. Temperature mainly affected the physical properties of feedstock, with smaller droplet size obtained at increasing temperature. In addition, pressure had significant influence on SMD and higher pressure resulted in smaller atomized droplets. Then, a model for SMD prediction, combining temperature, pressure, spray distance, and structural parameters of nozzle, was developed through dimensionless analysis. The results showed that SMD was a power function of Reynolds number(Re), Ohnesorge number(Oh), and the ratio of spray distance to diameter of swirl chamber in the nozzle(H/dsc), with the exponents of -1.6618,-1.3205 and 0.1038, respectively. The experimental measured SMD was in good agreement with the calculated values, with the error within ±15%. Moreover, the droplet size distribution was studied by establishing the relationship between the standard deviation of droplet size and SMD. This study could provide reference to the regulation and optimization of the atomization process in MR pyrolysis.     

Influence of Atomizing Parameters on Droplet Properties in a Pulse Combustion Spray Dryer

A pulse combustor employed in a spray-drying system offers a new approach for liquid atomization that yields high-quality powders at low cost. Using a pulse combustion atomizer, there is no need for any form of nozzle dispersion and its atomization mechanism differs from those of conventional atomizers, such as rotary atomizers and pressure and pneumatic nozzles. In this work, based on the analysis of atomization mechanism, experiments of unsteady pulsating atomization were carried out in an experimental system of a Helmholtz-type pulse combustor. An optical analyzer was used for measuring the mean diameter of atomized droplet and droplet distribution. The effects of liquid feed rate, air flow oscillatory frequency, and liquid viscosity on atomized droplet size and size distribution were investigated and analyzed. The results indicate that the uniform droplet size distribution can be obtained under the conditions of a low feed rate, high-frequency pulsating flow, and moderate viscosity. The range of the droplets' Sauter mean diameter (SMD) is between 50 and 80 µm. The pulsating air flow from the pulse combustor can be used to atomize liquid or slurry without a nozzle and the atomizing quality can meet the requirements of spray drying.     

Influence of Atomizing Parameters on Droplet Properties in a Pulse Combustion Spray Dryer

A pulse combustor employed in a spray-drying system offers a new approach for liquid atomization that yields high-quality powders at low cost. Using a pulse combustion atomizer, there is no need for any form of nozzle dispersion and its atomization mechanism differs from those of conventional atomizers, such as rotary atomizers and pressure and pneumatic nozzles. In this work, based on the analysis of atomization mechanism, experiments of unsteady pulsating atomization were carried out in an experimental system of a Helmholtz-type pulse combustor. An optical analyzer was used for measuring the mean diameter of atomized droplet and droplet distribution. The effects of liquid feed rate, air flow oscillatory frequency, and liquid viscosity on atomized droplet size and size distribution were investigated and analyzed. The results indicate that the uniform droplet size distribution can be obtained under the conditions of a low feed rate, high-frequency pulsating flow, and moderate viscosity. The range of the droplets' Sauter mean diameter (SMD) is between 50 and 80 µm. The pulsating air flow from the pulse combustor can be used to atomize liquid or slurry without a nozzle and the atomizing quality can meet the requirements of spray drying.     

Influence of ambient flow conditions on the droplet atomization characteristics of dimethyl ether (DME)

This paper describes the effects of ambient flow conditions on the droplet atomization characteristics of dimethyl ether (DME) both experimentally and numerically.In this investigation, the droplet atomization of DME fuel affected by ambient flow conditions was studied in terms of droplet mean size and detected droplet percentage under elevated ambient pressures and temperatures. In order to predict the DME spray atomization, the hybrid breakup model combined with KH-RT (Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor) and KH-DDB (Kelvin-Helmholtz and Drop Deformation Breakup) models was applied in this study.It was revealed that the spray arrival time of DME fuel under a high ambient pressure increased in accordance with the increase in ambient pressure in the spray chamber. It can be seen that more small droplets are distributed at high ambient flow pressure conditions than at atmospheric conditions. This is a consequence of enhanced atomization of DME fuel. On the other hand, when the ambient pressure increases to 2 MPa, the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) increases only slightly compared with that at 1 MPa of pressure. The SMD value of droplets is increased as ambient temperature is increased. Under the high temperature condition in the chamber, the small droplets of DME fuel evaporate quickly and mix with the ambient air. As a result, it promotes the air-fuel mixing in a combustion chamber.