焦化除尘粉制备活性炭的研究

研究了以焦化除尘粉为原料,采用水蒸气为活化剂制备活性炭的可行性.利用正交实验探讨了活化温度、活化时间、水蒸气流量等对活性炭吸附性能的影响.结果表明:影响除尘粉基活性炭制备的主次因素为活化温度、活化时间、水蒸气流量;制备除尘粉基活性炭的最佳条件为活化温度850.C,活化时间90 main,水蒸气流量10.73 mL/min,制备除尘粉基活性炭的碘吸附值为490.5215 mg/g,产率为35.16％.     

氯化锌-水蒸气协同活化玉米芯制活性炭的研究

以宁夏农业废弃物玉米芯为原料，制备对亚甲基蓝(MB)吸附性能最优条件下的氯化锌活性炭(ZnAC)，并在此条件基础上利用氯化锌-水蒸气来协同活化制备不同活化温度下的活性炭(ZnHAC)。利用BET、XRD、FT-IR和SEM分析ZnAC和ZnHAC的结构和表面特性，阐释活化机理。结果表明：ZnCl₂单独活化玉米芯的最佳条件为活化温度为500℃、活化时间为1 h、锌料质量比为1.5∶1；所制活性炭的比表面积为2 299.75 m²/g，累积总孔容为1.28 cm³/g，对MB吸附量为531.56 mg/g；此活性炭介孔率高达95%以上，且随着温度的升高，介孔率都有所增加，说明提高温度有利于介孔的形成。相对于ZnAC_T-1.5-1，通入水蒸气之后ZnHAC_T-1.5-1的比表面积和孔容都有明显增大，其中ZnHAC_800-1.5-1的比表面积比ZnAC_800-1.5-1增加了349 m²/g，而介孔孔容、总孔容及孔径近乎...     

减压条件下氯化锌活化油茶果壳活性炭的制备工艺研究

以油茶果壳为原料,以氯化锌为活化剂,在减压条件下热裂解制备活性炭。探讨氯化锌溶液的质量分数、体系压力、活化温度、活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响;通过低温氮气吸-脱附表征了样品的比表面积及孔结构,采用红外光谱仪分析了样品的表面官能团。得到制备该活性炭的最佳工艺条件为:氯化锌溶液的质量分数为60%、料液比1∶3(即每毫克固体物料加入3 m L液体物料,下同)、体系压力为0.05 MPa、活化温度为450℃、活化时间为1 h,在该条件下得到的活性炭碘吸附值为1 120 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为373.16 mg/g,比表面积为2 023.15 m2/g,总孔体积为2.34 cm3/g,平均孔径为4.63 nm。减压条件下制备的活性炭具有优良的吸附性能。     

减压条件下氯化锌活化油茶果壳活性炭的制备工艺

以油茶果壳为原料,以氯化锌为活化剂,在减压条件下热裂解制备活性炭。探讨氯化锌溶液的质量分数、体系压力、活化温度、活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响;通过低温氮气吸-脱附表征了样品的比表面积及孔结构,采用红外光谱仪分析了样品的表面官能团。得到制备该活性炭的最佳工艺条件为:氯化锌溶液的质量分数为60%、料液比1∶3(即每毫克固体物料加入3 m L液体物料,下同)、体系压力为0.05 MPa、活化温度为450℃、活化时间为1 h,在该条件下得到的活性炭碘吸附值为1 120 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为373.16 mg/g,比表面积为2 023.15 m2/g,总孔体积为2.34 cm3/g,平均孔径为4.63 nm。减压条件下制备的活性炭具有优良的吸附性能。     

热解活化法制备高吸附性能椰壳活性炭

以椰壳为原料,采用高温直接热解活化法制备高吸附性能活性炭。研究了活化温度、活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响。研究结果表明,活化温度为 900 ℃,热解活化时间为 8 h,升温速率为 10 ℃/min,制得碘吸附值为 1 628.54 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为 375 mg/g 的高吸附性能椰壳活性炭,得率为 9.41 %。氮气吸附实验结果表明,该活性炭比表面积 1 723 m²/g、总孔容积 0.87 cm³/g、微孔容积 0.68 cm³/g、中孔容积0.18 cm³/g、平均孔径 2.03 nm。热解活化制备的椰壳活性炭样品性能优于市售水蒸气法椰壳净水活性炭国家标准。     

氯化锌活化丝瓜络制备微孔活性炭

以丝瓜络为原料,经氯化锌活化丝瓜络制备微孔活性炭。通过设计正交实验,考察了不同因素氯化锌浓度、活化温度、活化时间和浸泡时间对所制备活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明:最佳工艺条件为活化剂浓度40%、活化温度450℃、活化时间60 min和浸泡时间12 h。在此条件下制备的活性炭孔径分布窄,为多微孔、无定形活性炭,BET比表面积达1 020 m2/g,其吸附碘值、亚甲基蓝值分别达到819.45 mg/g、165.43 mg/g,是一种廉价且吸附性能高的吸附材料。     

水蒸气-微波法制备颗粒活性炭新工艺

研究了以椰壳炭化料为原料 ,采用水蒸气 微波法制备颗粒活性炭的可行性。探讨了微波功率、活化时间及水蒸气流量对活性炭性能的影响。得到了水蒸气 微波法制备颗粒活性炭的最佳工艺条件 :微波功率 70 0W、活化时间 3min、水蒸气流量 4.8mL/min。用此工艺条件制得的活性炭碘吸附值 10 31mg/g、亚甲蓝脱色力 10mL/0 .1g、得率 60 .8%。该工艺所需活化时间为传统方法的 1/60 ,得率为传统方法的 2倍左右。     

KOH-水蒸气活化法制煤基活性炭和氢气的研究

以神府3#煤为原料,采用KOH-水蒸气活化法制备了煤基活性炭和氢气.考察了浸渍比、活化温度、活化时间对活性炭吸附性能和活化过程中氢气产量的影响,并对其活化机理进行了探讨.结果表明,活性炭碘值、亚甲基蓝值以及氢气产量受这些工艺参数影响很大,当浸渍比为0.5,活化温度为700℃,单元活化时间为10 min时,所制得的活性炭性能较好,碘值达到837 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值达到431 mg/g,此时H2产量约33.1 mmol/g煤.     

微波辅助制备巴旦木壳吸附剂对活性艳红X-B吸附性能研究

以新疆厚皮原味巴旦木去仁所得壳作为原料进行实验,通过0.7 mol/L氯化锌活化成活性炭.探索在不同频率的微波条件下,各种因素对巴旦木壳吸附活性艳红X-B的影响.微波协同巴旦木壳活性炭吸附剂对活性艳红X-B染料吸附有一定的效果,最佳吸附条件是0.5 g活性炭、100 mg/L活性艳红X-B染料、辐射时间2 min.吸附...     

煤多联产半焦碳酸钾/水蒸气联合活化法制备活性炭的研究

以煤多联产半焦为原料,采用碳酸钾/水蒸气联合活化法制备了适用于烟气脱硫、废水中有机物去除等吸附场景的功能活性炭,并对比了其孔结构和吸附性能与采用常用活化方法制得的活性炭的孔结构和吸附性能.结果表明:半焦经碳酸钾/水蒸气联合活化可以得到微孔率为83％、比表面积为671.7 m2/g的活性炭,其苯酚吸附值达105.2 mg...     

Desorption of VOC from polymer adsorbent in multistage fluidized bed

The desorption process of volatile organic compounds(VOC) from a polymer adsorbent in counter-current multistage fluidized bed was studied. And a mathematical model considering the mass transfer dynamics was developed, which was validated from experiment data. The gaseous ethyl acetate mass transfer was discussed, and the limiting step is the intraparticle mass transfer of the desorption process. The value of intraparticle mass transfer coefficient is between 1.85 × 10~(-6) and 1.38 × 10~(-5) m·s~(-1) under temperature of 100–160 °C. Experiments under different operating conditions were carried out. The effects of operating conditions such as gas–solid flow ratio,gas inlet temperature and total stage number of multistage fluidized bed on outlet VOCs concentration and desorption efficiency were discussed. The maximum outlet VOCs concentration and corresponding desorption efficiency of the multistage fluidized bed desorber was calculated under different gas inlet temperatures and total stage numbers.     

煤化工VOCs吸附处理技术研究进展及展望

煤化工产生的挥发性有机物VOCs气体成分复杂且有毒有害,为了避免煤化工VOCs及其光化学产物对环境和人体健康产生危害,通过分析VOCs气体的排放控制及处理技术,指出煤化工VOCs吸附技术是可以控制VOCs排放、回收吸附材料及回收有价值VOCs的经济、有效的VOCs去除技术。通过分析煤化工VOCs吸附的物理与化学过程及其影响因素、解吸附的过程与方法,对常用的吸附材料的改性研究及发展进行了综述,通过对比不同吸附装置的结构、吸附特点及优缺点,将煤化工VOCs吸附技术与其他技术的组合实际工程应用进行了比较分析,并展望了吸附技术的未来研究方向。影响吸附过程的因素有吸附材料的结构特性、表面化学性质及亲疏性热稳定性等物理化学特性,被吸附物质VOCs的分子特性、吸附剂与吸附质之间的相互作用、不同吸附质之间的相互竞争、吸附环境等;物理吸附过程包括外表面传值吸附阶段、内部表面扩散阶段、不同孔径孔隙之间的平衡阶段;吸附剂微孔提供了主要的吸附位点,而中孔及大孔则增强了VOCs的扩散通道。吸附材料经过适当改性具有优异的VOCs吸附能力;采用H2O2浸渍法改性可提高活性炭纤维表面含氧官能团含量,吸附能力增强;采用具有强氧化性的浓硫酸等改性使活性炭表面具有含氧基团,增强活性炭对氮的吸附能力;用碱性氢氧化物改性的活性炭增加了比表面积,用酸改性可增加表面官能团,用KOH活化可获得更好的孔隙率。需要针对VOCs种类、浓度、流量及排放量等特性选择适合的吸附装置。吸附技术是控制煤化工VOCs排放和回收有价值VOCs再利用的经济、有效且具有前景的技术,可与其他技术组合处理VOCs气体,进行有利用价值VOCs气体的回收利用,实现VOCs废气排放达标。吸附技术未来研究重点是吸附材料改性(或定向改性)、新型改性方法及新型吸附材料研究、高效低成本吸附装置研究、多组分吸附质同时脱除研究,并提出了多组分VOCs吸附及解吸附的复合吸附装置研究思路。     

Removal of volatile organic compound by activated carbon fiber

Experiments were carried out to study adsorption/desorption of volatile organic compound (VOC) on the activated carbon fiber (ACF) under dynamic conditions. The primary objective was to experimentally demonstrate the suitability of ACF in effectively adsorbing VOCs from inert gaseous stream under varying operating conditions, and compare its performance vis-à-vis that of the other commercially available adsorbents, such as granular activated carbon (GAC), silica gel, and zeolites. The adsorption experiments were carried out in a fixed tubular packed bed reactor under various operating conditions including temperature (35-100 °C), gas concentration (2000-10,000 ppm), gas flow rate (0.2-1.0 slpm) and weight of the adsorbent (2-10 g). A mathematical model was developed to predict the VOC breakthrough characteristics on ACF. The model incorporated the effects of the gas-particle film mass transfer resistance, adsorbent pore diffusion and the adsorption/desorption rates within the pore. The experimental data and the corresponding model simulated results were compared and found to be in good agreement. The ACF repeatedly showed a good regeneration capability following desorption by DC electrical heating.     

Superhigh selective capture of volatile organic compounds exploiting cigarette butts-derived engineering carbonaceous adsorbent

Herein, we develop cost-efficient superhigh-performance of engineering carbonaceous adsorbent from cigarette butts using combined wet-impregnated and re-dispersed method of KOH, which optimizes the implant approach of activator, breaking the restriction of selective capture of toluene using traditional activated carbon. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and pore volume of targeted adsorbent can attain 3088 m²·g^-1 and 1.61 cm³·g^-1, respectively, by optimizing the temperature-dependent synthetic factor effect of the adsorbent. The adsorption capacity of resultant adsorbent for presenting volatile benzene and toluene shows a positive correlation with increasing carbonization temperature of carbon precursor. Besides, we demonstrated the unsmoked and smoked butts derived adsorbents afford feeble difference in saturated adsorbed capacity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The highest adsorption capacity of sample CF-800 for benzene and toluene in CF group is as high as 1268.1 and 1181.6 mg·g^-1 respectively, slightly higher than that of sample UF-800, but far outperforming reported other adsorbents. The predicted adsorption selectivity of CF-800 and UF-800 for C₇H₈/H₂O (g) using the DIH (difference of isosteric heats) equation reach up to ca. 3800 and 7500 respectively, indicating the weak adsorbability of water vapor on the developed adsorbent and greater superiority of the smoked butts derived adsorbents in selective capture of VOCs at low relative humidity in the competitive adsorption process for practical mixed VOCs.     

溴元素改性椰壳活性炭对实际燃煤烟气的脱汞性能

以椰壳活性炭（YAC）为原料,通过NH₄Br溶液浸渍改性,制备了溴素改性椰壳活性炭脱汞吸附剂（YAC-Br）。在固定床实验台上开展了YAC和YAC-Br的汞脱除实验,主要研究了入口汞（Hg⁰）浓度对YAC-Br脱汞性能的影响,并结合BET、SEM、XRF等表征手段分析了YAC-Br的脱汞原理。在0.3MW燃煤循环流化床锅炉上对YAC-Br进行了烟气管道喷射吸附剂脱汞（ACI）实验,验证了其在实际燃煤烟气中对汞的脱除效果。结果表明：改性过程不会破坏椰壳活性炭原有的孔隙结构和微孔容积,而会使活性炭表面更加平整;化学改性后活性炭表面Br负载量提高,成为Hg⁰的主要活性吸附位。固定床实验结果说明：改性后椰壳活性炭的初始汞吸附效率和单位累积汞吸附量分别提高了6.02倍和21.8倍,吸附效率随汞浓度增大而降低。0.3MW燃煤循环流化床实验结果表明：改性后椰壳活性炭对元素汞和氧化汞均有很好的脱除作用,脱汞效率随着吸附剂喷射量的增加而增加,当喷射量为0.7kg/h时,脱汞效率可达到76.38%。     

Superb VOCs capture engineering carbon adsorbent derived from shaddock peel owning uncompromising thermal-stability and adsorption property

High applied thermal-stability and superior structural property for activated carbon adsorbent are extremely promising, which also is the determining short slab in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) adsorption applications. Herein, we develop the outstanding engineering carbon adsorbents from waste shaddock peel which affords greatly-enhanced thermal-stability and super structural property (S_Lang?=?4962.6?m²·g^-1, V_micro?=?1.67?cm³·g^-1). Such character endows the obtained adsorbent with ultrahigh adsorption capture performance of VOCs specific to benzene (16.58?mmol·g^-1) and toluene (15.50?mmol·g^-1), far beyond traditional zeolite and activated carbon even MOFs materials. The structural expression characters were accurately correlated with excellent adsorption efficiency of VOCs by studying synthetic factor-controlling comparative samples. Ulteriorly, adsorption selectivity prediction at different relative humidity was demonstrated through DIH (difference of the isosteric heats), exceedingly highlighting great superiority (nearly sixfold) in selective adsorption of toluene compared to volatile benzene. Our findings provide the possibility for practical industrial application and fabrication of waste biomass-derived outstanding biochar adsorbent in the environmental treatment of threatening VOCs pollutants.     

一步快速活化法制备生物质活性炭及其对乙酸乙酯的吸附再生

活性炭吸附法因技术成熟、简单易行、吸附效率高等优点而被广泛应用于挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的处理中。本文以山林废弃物的野山桃核为原料,烟道废气及硝酸铁为活化剂,制备了一系列生物质活性炭,并利用固定床吸附装置对其吸附、再生性能进行了研究。利用二氧化碳和水蒸气模拟烟气,在固定流量的烟气活化氛围中进行活化,并探讨了不同硝酸铁的量对活性炭的孔隙结构及其吸附再生性能的影响。利用N₂ 吸附-脱附实验、扫描电镜、拉曼光谱和红外光谱等技术研究了活性炭详细特征。结果表明：当硝酸铁的质量分数为0.2% 时,所制备的活性炭AC-3具有最大的比表面积和平均孔径,分别为923m2/g及2.57nm。其对乙酸乙酯的饱和吸附量也最大,为973.04mg/g。利用烟气对AC-3活性炭进行活化再生处理,经过3次重复吸附-解吸再生实验,其饱和吸附能力仍可达91.5％以上,实现了废弃烟气资源化利用及活性炭的循环回收,从而达到废气治理的目标。     

活性炭吸附剂的制备及其在选择性降低卷烟主流烟气中氰化氢的应用

采用浸渍法制备低成本活性炭负载过渡金属吸附剂,通过考察活性金属种类和含量、溶剂、活性炭载体种类和颗粒大小等对吸附剂吸附氰化氢性能的影响,优化得到以Cu为活性组分的吸附剂,当Cu质量分数4%时,将制备的吸附剂以二元复合形式添加到卷烟滤嘴中制成中试试样烟,测试发现,与对照成品卷烟相比,试样烟在保持焦油含量基本不变基础上,主流烟气中氰化氢释放量最高可降低71.7%。制备的吸附剂具有较好的稳定性,室温储藏8个月,吸附剂选择性降低主流烟气中氰化氢的效果与新鲜吸附剂一致。     

污水厂污泥制备活性炭吸附剂及其应用

以城市和石化污水厂生化活性污泥及剩余污泥为原料，用不同活化方法制备活性炭吸附剂，对比不同活化剂活化效果.结果表明化学活化法制备的活性炭吸附剂性能较好，最佳活化剂为ZnCl2与H2SO4复配试剂，最佳复配比例为2：1，在用制备的三种活性炭吸附剂处理油田污水的试验中，发现石化活性污泥吸附剂处理效果相对较好.